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Parida IS, Takasu S, Ito J, Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K. 1-Deoxynojirimycin attenuates pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in the in vitro model of neuronal insulin resistance. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23800. [PMID: 38979931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302600r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has emerged as a pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the shared role of insulin resistance in T2DM and AD, repurposing peripheral insulin sensitizers is a promising strategy to preserve neuronal insulin sensitivity and prevent AD. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a bioactive iminosugar, exhibited insulin-sensitizing effects in metabolic tissues and was detected in brain tissue post-oral intake. However, its impact on brain and neuronal insulin signaling has not been described. Here, we investigated the effect of DNJ treatment on insulin signaling and AD markers in insulin-resistant human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, a cellular model of neuronal insulin resistance. Our findings show that DNJ increased the expression of insulin signaling genes and the phosphorylation status of key molecules implicated in insulin resistance (Y1146-pIRβ, S473-pAKT, S9-GSK3B) while also elevating the expression of glucose transporters Glut3 and Glut4, resulting in higher glucose uptake upon insulin stimuli. DNJ appeared to mitigate the insulin resistance-driven increase in phosphorylated tau and Aβ1-42 levels by promoting insulin-induced phosphorylation of GSK3B (a major tau kinase) and enhancing mRNA expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) pivotal for insulin and Aβ clearance. Overall, our study unveils probable mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of DNJ for AD, wherein DNJ attenuates tau and amyloid pathologies by reversing neuronal insulin resistance. This provides a scientific basis for expanding the use of DNJ-containing products for neuroprotective purposes and prompts further research into compounds with similar mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Supardi Parida
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo Takasu
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Deswal N, Takkar P, Kaur L, Ojha H, Kumar R. Synthesis and bio-evaluation of newer dihydropyridines and tetrahydropyridines based glycomimetic azasugars. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107224. [PMID: 38401361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and bio-evaluation of new triazolylated dihydropyridine and tetrahydropyridine azasugar scaffolds (F1-14). Azasugar glycomimetics are the synthetic substances that mimic the structural and functional characteristics of natural carbohydrates showcasing promising potential as therapeutic agents for diabetes. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of synthesized final compounds were evaluated against the commercially available α-glucosidase enzyme. Majority of the screened compounds displayed excellent inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 2.12 to 75.11 μM, when compared to the standard drug Acarbose. Particularly, compound F5 with IC50 value of 2.12 μM was found to be the most active compound among the series. Further molecular docking studies of selected ligands were performed to investigate the binding interactions with enzyme active sites. Their specific binding patterns have been analysed with the binding sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase. These findings suggest these candidates as the potential leads for the anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Deswal
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Priya Takkar
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Lajpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Imaging Science, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development and Organization, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Imaging Science, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development and Organization, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Cheng L, Tanaka M, Yoshino A, Nagasato Y, Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsui T. A memory-improving dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, can reach the mouse brain after oral administration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16908. [PMID: 37805661 PMCID: PMC10560274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport and accumulation of orally administered functional food-derived peptides in the brain was not fully explored. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to provide critical evidence regarding brain accumulation of a memory-improving soy dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, following oral administration. Stable isotope-labeled Tyr-Pro (Tyr-[13C5,15N]Pro) was orally administered to male ICR mice at 10 or 100 mg/kg. Surprisingly, the intact labeled Tyr-Pro exhibited maximal plasma and brain levels 15 min after administration (plasma: area under the curve [AUC0-120 min], 1331 ± 267 pmol·min/mL-plasma; brain: AUC0-120 min of 0.34 ± 0.11 pmol·min/mg-dry brain, at 10 mg/kg). In addition, we detected labeled Tyr-Pro in the brain parenchyma, indicating a validated blood-brain-barrier (BBB) transportability. Moreover, we confirmed the preferable accumulation of Tyr-Pro in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex with > 0.02 pmol/mg-tissue. In conclusion, we provided the first evidence that orally administered Tyr-Pro at 10 mg/kg directly entered the blood circulation with an absorption ratio of 0.15%, of which 2.5% of Tyr-Pro was transported from the plasma to the mouse brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Cheng
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasato
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Qiao Y, Ikeda Y, Ito M, Kimura T, Ikeuchi T, Takita T, Yasukawa K. Inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase by
Morus australis
fruit extract and its components iminosugar, anthocyanin, and glucose. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1672-1683. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Divison of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Japan
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Divison of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology Okinawa College Nago Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Research Center of Advanced Analysis National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Tsukuba Japan
| | - Takeaki Ikeuchi
- Divison of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Divison of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Divison of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Japan
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Takasu S, Parida IS, Kojima Y, Kimura T, Nakagawa K. Evaluation and development of a novel pre-treatment method for mulberry leaves to enhance their bioactivity via enzymatic degradation of GAL-DNJ to DNJ. Food Funct 2021; 12:12250-12255. [PMID: 34755739 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are rich in 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and 2-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-deoxynojirimycin (GAL-DNJ). Compared to DNJ, the bioactive potency of GAL-DNJ is low. We proposed that the conversion of GAL-DNJ into DNJ may improve its bioavailability. We evaluated this hypothesis and constructed a novel enzymatic-based method to induce the hydrolysis of GAL-DNJ to DNJ in order to improve the therapeutic potency of mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Takasu
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan. .,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Isabella Supardi Parida
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | | | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
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Parida IS, Takasu S, Nakagawa K. A comprehensive review on the production, pharmacokinetics and health benefits of mulberry leaf iminosugars: Main focus on 1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-29. [PMID: 34658276 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1989660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are rich in biologically active compounds, including phenolics, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Mulberry leaf iminosugars (MLIs; a type of polyhydroxylated alkaloids), in particular, have been gaining increasing attention due to their health-promoting effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulatory activities. Knowledge regarding the in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity of MLIs are crucial to understand their role and function and human health. Therefore, this review is aimed to comprehensively summarize the existing studies on the oral pharmacokinetics and the physiological significance of selected MLIs (i.e.,1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ). Evidence have suggested that MLIs possess relatively good uptake and safety profiles, which support their prospective use for oral intake; the therapeutic potential of these compounds against metabolic and chronic disorders and the underlying mechanisms behind these effects have also been studied in in vitro and in vivo models. Also discussed are the biosynthetic pathways of MLIs in plants, as well as the agronomic and processing factors that affect their concentration in mulberry leaves-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo Takasu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Qiao Y, Ito M, Kimura T, Ikeuchi T, Takita T, Yasukawa K. Inhibitory effect of Morus australis leaf extract and its component iminosugars on intestinal carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:226-233. [PMID: 34148793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are central enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. α-Glucosidase includes maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. We have previously performed the kinetic analysis of the inhibitory effects of powdered or roasted Morus australis leaf extract and its component iminosugars, such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), fagomine, and 2-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl deoxynojirimycin (GAL-DNJ) on the activity of maltase. In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of the aforementioned compounds against α-amylase, glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase. At pH 6.0 and 37 °C, each leaf extract sample inhibited glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase but not α-amylase. 1-DNJ and fagomine showed weak α-amylase inhibitory activity while GAL-DNJ exhibited none. 1-DNJ showed a strong glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase inhibitory potential. The inhibitory potential against these three enzymes was 18-500 and 1500-3000-fold higher in the case of 1-DNJ than that observed in the case of fagomine and GAL-DNJ, respectively. We also observed that the indigestible dextrin could considerably inhibit α-amylase. When the powdered M. australis leaf extract was blended with indigestible dextrin, the mixture inhibited α-amylase, as well as maltase, glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase. These results suggest that the ingestion of the leaf extract blended with indigestible dextrin might have the potential to efficiently suppress the postprandial blood glucose level increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago 905-2192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ikeuchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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