1
|
Abd El Monsef AG, El Zohairy NF, Hassan MF, Salem SM, Gouda AA, Mansour MK, Alkhaldi AAM, Alzaylaee H, Elmahallawy EK. Effects of prebiotic (lactoferrin) and diclazuril on broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1416459. [PMID: 39036795 PMCID: PMC11258017 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1416459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avian coccidiosis presents a significant challenge to the poultry industry in Egypt, highlighting the urgent need for validating new drug targets offering promising prospects for the development of advanced anticoccidials. Although numerous reports highlight the activity of lactoferrin (LF) against various microorganisms, its potential against Eimeria has not been explored. The present study evaluated the potential anticoccidial effect of LF and diclazuril in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. Methods A total of 100 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into five equal groups (20 each) as follows: Group 1 (G1) served as the normal healthy control group, Group 2 (G2) consisted of chickens infected with 1 × 105 sporulated E. tenella oocysts at 14 days of age, Group 3 (G3) comprised infected chickens treated with diclazuril (0.5 mL/L in drinking water) for 3 days successively, Group 4 (G4) included infected chickens treated with LF (at a dose of 250 mg/kg of diet) from one day of age until the end of the study, and Group 5 (G5) comprised infected chickens treated with both LF and diclazuril. Results The positive control group (G2) experienced significant reductions in body weight (BW), BW gain, serum glucose, lipase, amylase, total antioxidant capacity, several hematological indices, and total proteins, along with alterations in various antioxidant enzymes. Conversely, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatases (ALP), urea, creatinine, nitric oxide, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), White blood cells (WBCs), heterophils, alpha 2, beta 1, and liver contents of malondialdehyde were elevated in this group. Moreover, higher oocyst counts and lesion scores, along with histopathological alterations, were observed in G2. Remarkably, treatment with diclazuril and/or LF demonstrated potent antioxidant and anticoccidial effects, resulting in reduced shedding of oocysts, lesion scores, and lymphocytic infiltrates in the cecum. Additionally, these treatments improved the antioxidant and immune systems in chickens and restored all histopathological changes reported in the infected non-treated group (G2). Conclusion This study offers novel perspectives on the potential anticoccidial effects of the combination of LF and diclazuril in broiler chickens infected with E. tenella, highlighting the potential synergistic actions of LF in treating poultry coccidiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa G. Abd El Monsef
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Feed Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig Branch, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nermin F. El Zohairy
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Feed Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig Branch, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa F. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Feed Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M. Salem
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig Branch, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Aboelabbas Gouda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mogda K. Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Feed Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hind Alzaylaee
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding T, Guo Z, Fang L, Guo W, Yang Y, Li Y, Li X, He L. Synergistic antibacterial effects of closantel and its enantiomers in combination with colistin against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374910. [PMID: 38765678 PMCID: PMC11100319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug combinations and repurposing have recently provided promising alternatives to cope with the increasingly severe issue of antibiotic resistance and depletion of natural drug molecular repertoires that undermine traditional antibacterial strategies. Closantel, an effective adjuvant, reverses antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Herein, the combined antibacterial enantioselectivity of closantel is presented through separate enantiomer studies. Despite yielding unexpected differences, two closantel enantiomers (R, S) increased colistin activity against gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices of R-closantel and S-closantel combined with colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli ranged from 0.0087 to 0.5004 and from 0.0117 to 0.5312, respectively. This difference was further demonstrated using growth inhibition assays and time-killing curves. Mechanistically, a higher intracellular concentration of R-CLO is more effective in enhancing the antimicrobial activity of combination. A mouse cutaneous infection model confirmed the synergistic stereoselectivity of closantel. This discovery provides novel insights for developing precision medication and containment of increasing antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyan Ding
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiarong Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang F, Zhang M, Jin YG, Chen JC, Duan MH, Liu Y, Li ZE, Li XP, Yang F. Development and Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Diclazuril in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091512. [PMID: 37174549 PMCID: PMC10177140 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Withdrawal periods for diclazuril in broilers have traditionally been determined through regression analysis. However, over the last two decades, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has gained prominence as a predictive tool for veterinary drug residues, which offers an alternative method for establishing appropriate withdrawal periods for veterinary drugs. In this current study, a flow-limited PBPK model was developed to predict diclazuril concentrations in broilers following long-duration administration via medicated feed and water. This model consists of nine compartments, including arterial and venous plasma, lung, muscle, skin + fat, kidney, liver, intestine contents, and the rest of the body compartment. Physiological parameters such as tissue weights (Vcxx) and blood flow (Qcxx) were gathered from published studies, and tissue/plasma partition coefficients (Pxx) were calculated through the area method or parameter optimization. Published diclazuril concentrations were compared to the predicted values, indicating the accuracy and validity of the model. The sensitivity analysis showed that parameters associated with cardiac output, drug absorption, and elimination significantly affected diclazuril concentrations in the muscle. Finally, a Monte Carlo analysis, consisting of 1000 iterations, was conducted to calculate the withdrawal period. Based on the Chinese MRL values, we calculated a withdrawal period of 0 days for both recommended dosing regimens (through mediated water and feed at concentrations of 0.5-1 mg/L and 1 mg/kg, respectively). However, based on the European MRLs, longer periods were determined for the mediated feed dosing route. Our model provides a foundation for scaling other coccidiostats and poultry species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yang-Guang Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ming-Hui Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ze-En Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saleh B, Li L, Chen X, Li J, Jiang Data analysis S, Liu R, He L. Determination of closantel enantiomers in black goat plasma and their pharmacokinetic characteristics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Dirikolu L, Lehner AF, Tobin T. Plasma concentrations of diclazuril following oral administration of diclazuril and diclazuril sodium salt to cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:392-401. [PMID: 35488857 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diclazuril is a triazine-based antiprotozoal agent widely used in veterinary practice that may have clinical application in the treatment of bovine protozoal diseases. The present study reports on the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of diclazuril and diclazuril sodium salt in cattle following administration of diclazuril suspended in water and by direct application of diclazuril sodium salt to the oral mucosa. Compared with diclazuril itself, the sodium salt formulation of diclazuril applied to the oral mucosa was rapidly and reliably absorbed. Plasma concentrations of diclazuril peaked at around 8 h after oral-mucosal administration of diclazuril sodium salt. On the contrary, application of diclazuril itself orally resulted in delayed and variable absorption. The mean bioavailability of diclazuril as pure powder was 42.5% relative to diclazuril sodium salt indicating approximately 2.5-fold increase in bioavailability of diclazuril as a sodium salt relative to diclazuril as a pure compound in cattle. The present study also reports finding of a previously unreported diclazuril metabolite at high concentrations in plasma especially after oral administration of diclazuril. Further studies, including synthesis and characterization of the novel described metabolite, are required to accurately determine aspects of the metabolism of diclazuril in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Dirikolu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andreas Fritz Lehner
- MSU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Tobin
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center and the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen R, He RJ, Guo D, Zhang ZF, Zhang WG, Fan J. Interactions of diclazuril enantiomers with serum albumins: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2948. [PMID: 35094438 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods have been conducted in the investigation of enantioselective interactions between diclazuril enantiomers and human/bovine serum albumins (HSA/BSA). The binding constants between serum albumins (SAs) and diclazuril enantiomers revealed that SAs exhibited stronger binding affinity for (R)-diclazuril than (S)-enantiomer. In addition, the fluorescence quenching of SAs induced by diclazuril enantiomers was ascribed to static quenching mechanism, in which hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces were the main interactions. According to the thermodynamic study, binding of diclazuril enantiomers and SAs was an exothermic process driven by enthalpy change. Then, circular dichroism spectroscopy of SAs with diclazuril enantiomers revealed that the SAs conformation had changed in the presence of diclazuril. Moreover, molecular docking technology was applied in exploration of interactions between SAs and diclazuril enantiomers. The docking energy between SAs and (R)-diclazuril was larger than (S)-diclazuril, which indicated that the affinity of SAs with (R)-diclazuril was stronger than (S)-enantiomer. This work may provide valuable information for explaining differences in pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of diclazuril enantiomers in living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Jian He
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Research & Creativity Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng J, Shang Y, Wu Y, Wu J, Chen J, Wang Z, Sun X, Xu G, Deng Q, Qu D, Yu Z. Diclazuril Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Hemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1690-1701. [PMID: 34019393 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and hemolysis induced by Staphylococcus aureus are closely related to pathogenicity. However, no drugs exist to inhibit biofilm formation or hemolysis induced by S. aureus in clinical practice. This study found diclazuril had antibacterial action against S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at 50 μM for both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Diclazuril (at 1/4× or 1/8× MICs) significantly inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus under static or flow-based conditions and also inhibited hemolysis induced by S. aureus. The RNA levels of transcriptional regulatory genes (agrA, agrC, luxS, sarA, sigB, saeR, saeS), biofilm formation-related genes (aur, bap, ccpA, cidA, clfA, clfB, fnbA, fnbB, icaA, icaB, sasG), and virulence-related genes (hla, hlb, hld, hlg, lukDE, lukpvl-S, spa, sbi, alpha-3 PSM, beta PSM, coa) of S. aureus were decreased when treated by diclazuril (at 1/4× MIC) for 4 h. The diclazuril nonsensitive clones of S. aureus were selected in vitro by induction of wildtype strains for about 90 days under the pressure of diclazuril. Mutations in the possible target genes of diclazuril against S. aureus were detected by whole-genome sequencing. This study indicated that there were three amino acid mutations in the diclazuril nonsensitive clone of S. aureus, two of which were located in genes with known function (SMC-Scp complex subunit ScpB and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, respectively) and one in a gene with unknown function (hypothetical protein). Diclazuril showed a strong inhibition effect on planktonic cells and biofilm formation of S. aureus with the overexpression of the scpB gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yongpeng Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Junwen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Guangjian Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| |
Collapse
|