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Ding C, Wu Y, Zhan C, Naseem A, Chen L, Li H, Yang B, Liu Y. Research progress on the role and inhibitors of Keap1 signaling pathway in inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112853. [PMID: 39159555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective mechanism against endogenous and exogenous pathogens. It is a typical feature of numerous chronic diseases and their complications. Keap1 is an essential target in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Among them, the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (including Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1) is the most significant pathway of Keap1 targets, which participates in the control of inflammation in multiple organs (including renal inflammation, lung inflammation, liver inflammation, neuroinflammation, etc.). Identifying new Keap1 inhibitors is crucial for new drug discovery. However, most drugs have specificity issues as they covalently bind to cysteine residues of Keap1, causing off-target effects. Therefore, direct inhibition of Keap1-Nrf2 PPIs is a new research idea. Through non-electrophilic and non-covalent binding, its inhibitors have better specificity and ability to activate Nrf2, and targeting therapy against Keap1-Nrf2 PPIs has become a new method for drug development in chronic diseases. This review summarizes the members and downstream genes of the Keap1-related pathway and their roles in inflammatory disease models. In addition, we summarize all the research progress of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting Keap1 from 2010 to 2024, mainly describing their biological functions, molecular mechanisms of action, and therapeutic roles in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Chaochao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Anam Naseem
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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2
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Xu TT, Deng YY, Yu XY, Li M, Fu YY. Natural autophagy modulators in non-communicable diseases: from autophagy mechanisms to therapeutic potential. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01356-y. [PMID: 39090393 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as a kind of diseases closely related to bad behaviors and lifestyles, e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Driven by population growth and aging, NCDs have become the biggest disease burden in the world, and it is urgent to prevent and control these chronic diseases. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrade cellular senescent or malfunctioning organelles in lysosomes. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a major role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other major human diseases, suggesting that autophagy could be a candidate therapeutic target for NCDs. Natural products/phytochemicals are important resources for drugs against a wide variety of diseases. Recently, compounds from natural plants, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and ursolic acid, have been recognized as promising autophagy modulators. In this review, we address recent advances and the current status of the development of natural autophagy modulators in NCDs and provide an update of the latest in vitro and in vivo experiments that pave the way to clinical studies. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between natural autophagy modulators and NCDs, with an intent to identify natural autophagy modulators with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ying-Yi Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Keivani N, Piccolo V, Marzocchi A, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Summa V. Optimization and Validation of Procyanidins Extraction and Phytochemical Profiling of Seven Herbal Matrices of Nutraceutical Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:586. [PMID: 38790691 PMCID: PMC11117784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Several medicinal herbal plants are extensively used as sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on human health. This study assessed the procyanidin and polyphenol profiles together with the antioxidant potential of seven herbal medical matrices. To achieve this aim, procyanidin extraction from grape pomace was optimized and validated by monitoring monomeric-trimeric procyanidins. The proposed quantification method was applied to the seven medical herbs, and it proved to be a very efficient protocol for procyanidin-rich extracts analysis. In addition, the Paullinia cupana Kunth. seed was identified as a very rich source of procyanidins (about 5 mg/g dry matrix of each dimeric and about 3 mg/g dry matrix trimeric) with high antioxidant properties. The polyphenolic profile was assessed by HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay to explore the antioxidant properties of the extracts, which were substantially higher in Peumus boldus Molina leaves extracts (935.23 ± 169 μmol of Trolox equivalent/g of dry weight) concerning the other matrices. Moreover, a high Pearson coefficient value was observed between the total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH in comparison with the total polyphenol content (TPC) and DPPH, indicating flavonoids as the principal bioactive with antioxidant activity in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (N.K.); (V.P.); (A.M.); (M.M.); (G.C.T.)
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4
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Liu Z, Li Q, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Mao J, Gong S. Proanthocyanidin enhances the endogenous regeneration of alveolar bone by elevating the autophagy of PDLSCs. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1300-1314. [PMID: 37715945 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) on osteogenesis mediated by periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and endogenous alveolar bone regeneration. BACKGROUND Leveraging the osteogenic potential of resident stem cells is a promising strategy for alveolar bone regeneration. PA has been reported to be effective in osteogenesis. However, the effect and mechanism of PA on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs remain elusive. METHODS Human PDLSCs were treated with various doses of PA to assess the cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8. The osteogenic differentiation ability was detected by qRT-PCR analysis, western blot analysis, Alizarin red S staining, and Alkaline Phosphatase staining. The level of autophagy was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. RNA sequencing was utilized to screen the potential signaling pathway. The alveolar bone defect model of rats was created to observe endogenous bone regeneration. RESULTS PA activated intracellular autophagy in PDLSCs, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, this effect could be abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine. Mechanistically, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was negatively correlated with PA-mediated autophagy activation. Lastly, PA promoted the alveolar bone regeneration in vivo, and this effect was reversed when the autophagy process was blocked. CONCLUSION PA may activate autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote the osteogenesis of PDLSCs and enhance endogenous alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyao Wang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Wu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Zhang H, Kang X, Ruan J, Ma L, Peng W, Shang H, Wang B, Sun Y. Ophiopogonin D improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β cells induced by hydrogen peroxide through Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway in diabetes mellitus. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:494-502. [PMID: 38149562 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-23-00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar. Due to its complex pathogenesis, no effective drugs have been found so far. Ophiopogonin D (OP-D) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, but its role in DM has not been studied so far. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce INS-1 cells. INS-1 cells induced by H2O2 were treated with OP-D, and cell apoptosis, oxidative stress damage, and related indexes of mitochondrial function were respectively detected by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, JC-1 fluorescent probe, and related kits. Subsequently, molecular docking techniques were used to investigate the relationship between OP-D and Keap1 and to explore the regulation mechanism of OP-D on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in INS-1 cells. OP-D inhibited the apoptosis and oxidative stress level of H2O2-induced INS-1 cells, thereby inhibiting cell damage. Moreover, OP-D inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction in H2O2-induced INS-1 cells. At last, we found that Keap1/Nrf2 specific signaling pathway inhibitor ML385 was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of OP-D on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in INS-1 cells. In conclusion, OP-D improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β cells induced by H2O2 through activating Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhi Kang
- Department of Acupuncture and Traumatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ruan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Shang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qaed E, Almoiliqy M, Al-Hamyari B, Qaid A, Alademy H, Al-Maamari A, Alyafeai E, Geng Z, Tang Z, Ma X. Procyanidins: A promising anti-diabetic agent with potential benefits on glucose metabolism and diabetes complications. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:688-699. [PMID: 37553788 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with alarming worldwide health implications and high mortality rates, largely due to its complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Recent research has shown that procyanidins (PC), a type of flavonoid, have strong antioxidant and free radical elimination effects, and may be useful in improving glucose metabolism, enhancing pancreatic islet cell activity, and decreasing the prevalence of DM complications. This review article presents a systematic search for peer-reviewed articles on the use of PC in the treatment of DM, without any language restrictions. The article also discusses the potential for PC to sensitise DM medications and improve their efficacy. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated promising results in improving the biological activity and bioavailability of PC for the treatment of DM. The article concludes by highlighting the potential for novel materials and targeted drug delivery methods to enhance the pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of PC, leading to the creation of safer and more effective anti-DM medications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Qaed
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Marwan Almoiliqy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
| | - Bandar Al-Hamyari
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdullah Qaid
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Haneen Alademy
- Taiz University Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Taizz, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Al-Maamari
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Eman Alyafeai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaohong Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Li MY, Liu LZ, Xin Q, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wu Z, Yi J, Dong M. Downregulation of mTORC1 and Mcl-1 by lipid-oversupply contributes to islet β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159332. [PMID: 37196823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis is a key feature of diabetes and can be induced by chronic exposure to saturated fatty acids (FAs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We presently evaluated the role of Mcl-1 and mTOR in mice fed with high-fat-diet (HFD) and β-cells exposed to the overloaded palmitic acid (PA). Compared with normal-chow-diet (NCD)-fed mice, HFD group showed impaired glucose tolerance after two months. Along with the diabetes progression, pancreatic islets first became hypertrophic and then atrophic, the ratio of β-cell:α-cell increased in the islets of four months HFD-fed mice while decreased after six months. This process was accompanied by significantly increased β-cell apoptosis and AMPK activity, and decreased Mcl-1 expression and mTOR activity. Consistently, glucose-induced insulin secretion dropped. In terms of mechanism, PA with lipotoxic dose could activate AMPK, which in turn inhibited ERK-stimulated Mcl-1Thr163 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, AMPK blocked Akt activity to release Akt inhibition on GSK3β, followed by GSK3β-initiated Mcl-1Ser159 phosphorylation. The context of Mcl-1 phosphorylation finally led to its degradation by ubiquitination. Also, AMPK inhibited the activity of mTORC1, resulting in a lower level of Mcl-1. Suppression of mTORC1 activity and Mcl-1 expression positively related to β-cell failure. Alteration of Mcl-1 or mTOR expression rendered different tolerance of β-cell to different dose of PA. In conclusion, lipid oversupply-induced dual modulation of mTORC1 and Mcl-1 finally led to β-cell apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion. The study may help further understand the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction in case of dyslipidemia, and provide promising therapeutic targets for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; GuangZhou Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihang Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- GuangZhou Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Zangshu Wu
- GuangZhou Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbo Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Dong
- GuangZhou Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China.
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Li H, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Xu P, Wang X, Zhu B, Lu C, Xu K. Proanthocyanidins Inhibit Osteoblast Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-xL Pathway in the Treatment of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081936. [PMID: 37111155 PMCID: PMC10140830 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a common clinical disease caused by massive or prolonged use of steroids. Its pathogenesis is unclear, but its incidence is increasing annually. It is characterized by an insidious and rapid onset, and high disability rate, causing a great burden on patients' daily life. Therefore, clarifying its pathogenesis and providing early and effective treatment for steroid osteonecrosis is important. METHODS In vivo, we used methylprednisolone (MPS) to construct a SONFH rat model and employed Mirco-ct, Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of proanthocyanidins (PACs). Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to mine targets associated with femoral head necrosis, and PACs analyzed possible molecular mechanisms. In vitro, PACs were added at different doses after treatment of cells with dexamethasone (DEX), and human osteoblast-like sarcoma(MG-63) cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC-PI. The mechanisms by which PACs regulate bone metabolism via the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/Recombinant Human B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 XL(Bcl-xL) axis were explored by Western blotting. RESULT In vivo studies showed that PACs prevented SONFH in rat model. The PI3K/AKT/Bcl-xL signaling pathway was selected by network pharmacology approach; in vitro studies showed that proanthocyanidin-activated AKT and Bcl-xL inhibited osteoblast apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS PACs can inhibit excessive osteoblast apoptosis in SONFH via the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-xL signaling axis and have potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710054, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710054, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yangquan Hao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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10
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Jia J, Xia J, Liu W, Tao F, Xiao J. Cinnamtannin B-1 Inhibits the Progression of Osteosarcoma by Regulating the miR-1281/PPIF Axis. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:67-73. [PMID: 36273900 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), one of the bone tumors, occurs mainly during childhood and adolescence and has an incidence rate of 5%. Cinnamtannin B-1 (CTB-1) is a natural trimeric proanthocyanidin compound found in plants Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Laurus nobilis. Previously, several articles have demonstrated that CTB-1 exerts a certain effect on melanoma and cervical cancer. However, their role in OS remains unclear. In this study, CTB-1 was found to inhibit the proliferation of OS cancer cells, with the dose of CTB-1 positively correlated to the survival rate of HOS and MG-63 cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were also reported to play an important role in tumor proliferation. Hence, we performed the miRNA sequencing analysis after CTB-1 treatment to identify miRNA levels in HOS cells and found that the expression of miR-1281 was significantly upregulated. According to the functional analysis, CTB-1 inhibited the growth and migration of OS by upregulating the expression of miR-1281. Additionally, miR-1281 acted as a sponge for Peptidylprolyl Isomerase F (PPIF), inhibiting its expression levels. The rescue experiments revealed that CTB-1 delayed the development of OS by regulating the miR-1281/PPIF pathway. Hence, our findings suggested that CTB-1 inhibited the cell growth, invasion, and migration of OS by upregulating miR-1281 and inhibiting PPIF expression, thereby providing a possible target drug for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- Department of Periodontology, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA
| | - Fengqin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA
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11
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Chen J, Zhu G, Xiao W, Huang X, Wang K, Zong Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Pancreatic Injuries via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in vivo and in vitro. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:779-794. [PMID: 36945297 PMCID: PMC10024876 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s401642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main propanaxatriol-type saponin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), has bioactivities that include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of G-Rg1 on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice and the insulin-secreting cell line in RIN-m5F cells with high-glucose (HG) treatment. METHODS The STZ-induced DM mice model was treated with G-Rg1 alone or combined with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor)/rapamycin (RAPA, an autophagy activator) for 8 weeks, and levels of glucose and lipid metabolism, histopathological changes, as well as autophagy and apoptosis of relevant markers were estimated. In vitro, the HG-induced RIN-m5F cells were treated with G-Rg1, 3-MA, and Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, or their combinations to estimate the influences on cell apoptosis, autophagy, and AMPK/mTOR pathway-associated target gene levels. RESULTS G-Rg1 treatment attenuated glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and pancreatic fibrosis in diabetic mice. In addition, subdued autophagy and p-AMPK protein expression, and enhanced p-mTOR protein expression and apoptosis levels in TIDM mice and HG-induced RIN-m5F cells were ameliorated by G-Rg1 treatment. Furthermore, these anti-apoptosis effects of G-Rg1 were partially abolished by 3-MA and CC. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that G-Rg1 exhibits strong anti-apoptosis ability in pancreatic tissues of type 1 diabetic mice and HG-induced RIN-m5F cells, and the mechanisms involved in activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR-mediated autophagy, indicating that G-Rg1 may have the therapeutic and preventive potential for treating pancreatic injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kewu Wang; Yi Zong, Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yi Zong
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Maffei ME, Salata C, Gribaudo G. Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2022; 27:8353. [PMID: 36500445 PMCID: PMC9736452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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13
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Surfactin Mitigates a High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes through Improving Pancreatic Dysfunction and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911086. [PMID: 36232419 PMCID: PMC9570334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fmb50 was utilized to treat mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) induced by a high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Our group’s earlier research indicated that surfactin could lower blood glucose and mitigate liver dysfunction to further improve HFD/STZ-induced T2DM through modulating intestinal microbiota. Thus, we further investigated the effects of surfactin on the pancreas and colon in mice with T2DM to elucidate the detailed mechanism. In the present study, mice with HFD/STZ-induced T2DM had their pancreatic and colon inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) reduced when given oral surfactin at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight. According to further research, surfactin also improved glucose metabolism by activating the phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, further protecting islets β-cell, promoting insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release and mitigating pancreas dysfunction. Additionally, after surfactin treatment, the colon levels of the tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-1 of T2DM mice were considerably increased by 130.64% and by 36.40%, respectively. These findings revealed that surfactin not only ameliorated HFD/STZ-induced pancreas inflammation and dysfunction and preserved intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota homeostasis but also enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in T2DM mice. Finally, in the further experiment, we were able to demonstrate that early surfactin intervention might delay the development of T2DM caused by HFD/STZ, according to critical biochemical parameters in serum.
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Xu J, Wang Y, Zheng T, Huo Y, Du W. Biflavones inhibit the fibrillation and cytotoxicity of human islet amyloid polypeptide. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4650-4661. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biflavones are a kind of natural compounds with a variety of biological activities, which have the effects of reversing diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is closely...
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15
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Liu Y, Huang H, Xu Z, Xue Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li W, Li X. Fucoidan protects pancreas and improves glucose metabolism through inhibiting inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in T2DM rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:2693-2709. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is important to maintain the normal function of pancreas in the prevention and intervention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was undertaken to explore the protective effects...
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16
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Hui X, Zhu BR, Wu LL, Gao WY, Li YM, Jia Q, Li H. Inhibitory Activity of Proanthocyanidins Against Escherichia coli 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211056418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is a key enzyme in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, it is an ideal target for the screening of novel antibiotics because it is present in causative organisms, but absent from humans. To identify more lipophilic DXR inhibitors from natural resources, we tested the DXR inhibitory activity of five proanthocyanidins in this study. The results indicated that all these compounds specifically restrained the activity of DXR, with procyanid B2 exhibiting a relatively low effect against DXR (IC50 ∼ 305 μM) and procyanid C1 displaying moderate activity (IC50 75.1 μM). The other three compounds cinnamtannin A2, cinnamtannin B1, and cinnamtannin D1 (IC50 ∼ 89.3, 105.0, and 97.8 μM, respectively) showed DXR inhibitory effects that were slightly weaker than that of procyanid C1. In addition, based on the initial characterization, the structure–activity relationship of this series of compounds against DXR is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hui
- Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo-Rong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Long Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Li
- Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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17
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Maleki V, Faghfouri AH, Tabrizi FPF, Moludi J, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Jafari-Vayghan H, Qaisar SA. Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:130. [PMID: 34627352 PMCID: PMC8502340 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic
ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in the women at their reproductive age. Nowadays, the use of herbal compounds for lesser side effects, as compared to drug treatments, has become popular for the prevention and reduction of the complications of this disease. Evidence suggests that cinnamon, given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can be associated with reduced metabolic complications from chronic non-communicable diseases. This systematic review aimed to determine the potential effect of cinnamon on the metabolic status in the PCOS. PICO framework for current systematic review was Population (P): subjects with PCOS; Intervention (I): oral cinnamon supplement; Comparison (C): the group as control or administered placebo; and Outcome (O): changed inflammatory, oxidative stress, lipid profile, glycemic, hormonal and anthropometric parameters and ovarian function. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched from their very inception until January, 2020, considering specific keywords to explore the related studies. Out of 266 studies retrieved by the search strategy, only nine were eligible for evaluation. All clinical trials, animal studies, and published English-language journal studies were eligible for this review. The results showed that increased high-density lipoprotein and insulin sensitivity were increased by the cinnamon supplementation while low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and blood glucose were decreased in patients with PCOS. However, the results related to the potential effects of cinnamon on body weight and body mass index were inconsistent, thus calling for further studies. Also, despite improved results regarding the effect of cinnamon on oxidative stress and ovarian function, further studies are required to explore the precise mechanisms. Overall, the effects of cinnamon on the improvement of metabolic status in PCOS were promising. However, to observe clinical changes following cinnamon supplementation in PCOS, more clinical trials with higher doses of cinnamon and a longer duration of intervention are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Maleki
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Knee and Sport Medicine Research Center, Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Jalal Moludi
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamed Jafari-Vayghan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Shaimaa A Qaisar
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Sulimmania, Iraq
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18
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Malar DS, Thitilertdecha P, Kabra A, Tencomnao T, Prasansuklab A. Plant Polyphenols for Aging Health: Implication from Their Autophagy Modulating Properties in Age-Associated Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100982. [PMID: 34681206 PMCID: PMC8538309 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a family of naturally occurring organic compounds, majorly present in fruits, vegetables, and cereals, characterised by multiple phenol units, including flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin. Some well-known polyphenols include resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin, hesperetin, cyanidin, procyanidin, caffeic acid, and genistein. They can modulate different pathways inside the host, thereby inducing various health benefits. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains cellular homeostasis by clearing the damaged cellular components and balancing cellular survival and overall health. Polyphenols could maintain autophagic equilibrium, thereby providing various health benefits in mediating neuroprotection and exhibiting anticancer and antidiabetic properties. They could limit brain damage by dismantling misfolded proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby activating autophagy and eliciting neuroprotection. An anticarcinogenic mechanism is stimulated by modulating canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways. Polyphenols could also decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function from inducing antidiabetic activity. Polyphenols are usually included in the diet and may not cause significant side effects that could be effectively used to prevent and treat major diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Atul Kabra
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Sahibzad Ajit Singh Nagar 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
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