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Xiao Y, Wang X, Li Z, Lei C, Wang S. Insecticidal potential and risk assessment of diamide pesticides against Spodoptera frugiperda in maize crops. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116682. [PMID: 39002380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of pesticides must be established before their scientific or rational. This study evaluates the field control efficacy of broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and chlorantraniliprole in combating Spodoptera frugiperda in maize crops, as well as the resistance of S. frugiperda to these three diamide pesticides after exposure. By assessing field control efficiency, toxicity, effects on development and reproduction, and detoxification enzyme activity of these diamide pesticides on S. frugiperda, highlights broflanilide's significant insecticidal potential. A highly sensitive and efficient method using QuEChERS/HPLCMS/MS was developed to simultaneously detect residues of these three pesticides on maize. Initial concentrations of broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and chlorantraniliprole ranged from 2.13 to 4.02 mg/kg, with their respective half-lives varying between 1.23 and 1.51 days. Following foliar application, by the time of harvest, the terminal residue concentrations of these pesticides were all under 0.01 mg/kg. Chronic dietary intake risk assessments and cumulative chronic dietary exposure for three pesticides indicated that the general population's terminal residue concentration was within acceptable limits. Not only does this research provide valuable insights into field control efficiency, insecticidal effects, resistance, residues, and risk assessment results of broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and chlorantraniliprole on maize, but additionally, it also paves the way for setting suitable Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) values based on pre-harvest interval values, rational dosage, and application frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chunmei Lei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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2
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Wang S, Wang X, Liu Y, He Q, Tian H. Dissipation and Safety Analysis of Dimethomorph Application in Lychee by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with QuEChERS. Molecules 2024; 29:1860. [PMID: 38675680 PMCID: PMC11054778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a method for analyzing dimethomorph residues in lychee using QuEChERS extraction and HPLC-MS/MS. The validation parameters for this method, which include accuracy, precision, linearity, and recovery, indicate that it meets standard validation requirements. Following first-order kinetics, the dissipation dynamic of dimethomorph in lychee was determined to range from 6.4 to 9.2 days. Analysis of terminal residues revealed that residues in whole lychee were substantially greater than those in the pulp, indicating that dimethomorph residues are predominantly concentrated in the peel. When applied twice and thrice at two dosage levels with pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) of 5, 7, and 10 days, the terminal residues in whole lychee ranged from 0.092 to 1.99 mg/kg. The terminal residues of the pulp ranged from 0.01 to 0.18 mg/kg, with the residue ratio of whole lychee to pulp consistently exceeding one. The risk quotient (RQ) for dimethomorph, even at the recommended dosage, was less than one, indicating that the potential for damage was negligible. This study contributes to the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China by providing essential information on the safe application of dimethomorph in lychee orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, No. 7 Jinying Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, No. 7 Jinying Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanping Liu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, No. 7 Jinying Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Qiang He
- Guangdong Quality Safety Center of Agricultural Products (Guangdong Green Food Development Center), Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangzhou, No. 135 Xianlie East Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Hai Tian
- Analysis and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, No. 4 Xueyuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571101, China
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Hao F, Luo Y, Dong F, Pan X, Wu X, Zheng Y, Xu J. Simultaneous determination of 27 pesticides in corn and cow matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6202-6208. [PMID: 37937968 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method to determine pesticide residues in plant matrices (corn, fresh corn, fresh corn stover, old corn stover, and corn silage) and animal matrices (beef, fat, milk, milk fat, kidney, liver, and cow stomach) quantitatively. Twenty-seven pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile from all plant and animal matrices separately and purified with a mixture of primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon black (GCB) or octadecylsilane (C18). The average recoveries of these compounds ranged from 60.7% to 118.2%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 20.0%. The limit of quantitation for all compounds was 0.01 mg kg-1 (for cyhalothrin and beta cypermethrin the LOQ was 0.02 mg kg-1). The establishment of multi-residue analysis methods for a variety of matrices can be used as a database for future method research. The results of this study are essential for calculating the transfer of pesticide residues from feed to animal products and for monitoring food safety, which will protect people's health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Y, Xie J, Dong F, Wu X, Pan X, Liu X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Xu J. Highly-Selective Analytical Strategy for 90 Pesticides and Metabolites Residues in Fish and Shrimp Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104235. [PMID: 37241976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of pesticide residues in aquatic products is challenging due to low residue levels and the complex matrix interference. In this study, we developed a simple, fast method for the trace analysis of 90 pesticides and metabolites in aquatic products. The analytes covered a wide polarity range with log Kow (log octanol-water partition coefficient) ranging from -1.2 to 6.37. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and prawn (Penaeus chinensis) samples were chosen to validate the quantification method. The samples were extracted by 0.2% formic-acetonitrile, cleaned by solid-phase extraction (PRiME HLB), and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed good linearities for the analytes and were observed in the range of 0.05-50 μg/L. The recoveries of the method were within 50.4-118.6%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 20%. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 0.05-5.0 μg/kg, which were superior to values compared with other research. The developed method was applied to detect pesticide residues in prawn samples from eastern coastal areas of China. Three herbicide residues of diuron, prometryn, and atrazine were detected in prawn samples. The method was sensitive and efficient, which is of significance in expanding the screening scope and improving the quantitative analysis efficiency in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Xie J, Guo Y, Ma Y, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mao L, Zhu L, Zheng Y, Liu X. Spontaneous In-Source Fragmentation Reaction Mechanism and Highly Sensitive Analysis of Dicofol by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093765. [PMID: 37175171 PMCID: PMC10180504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dicofol has been widely banned all over the world as a kind of organochlorine contaminant, it still exists in the environment. This study developed a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) detection technique for dicofol, an environmental pollutant, for the first time using in-source fragmentation. The results confirmed that m/z 251 was the only precursor ion of dicofol after in-source fragmentation, and m/z 139 and m/z 111 were reasonable product ions. The main factors triggering the in-source fragmentation were the H+ content and solution conductivity when dicofol entered the mass spectrometer. Density functional theory can be used to analyze and interpret the mechanism of dicofol fragmentation reaction in ESI source. Dicofol reduced the molecular energy from 8.8 ± 0.05 kcal/mol to 1.0 ± 0.05 kcal/mol, indicating that the internal energy release from high to low was the key driving force of in-source fragmentation. A method based on HPLC-MS/MS was developed to analyze dicofol residues in environmental water. The LOQ was 0.1 μg/L, which was better than the previous GC or GC-MS methods. This study not only proposed an HPLC-MS/MS analysis method for dicofol for the first time but also explained the in-source fragmentation mechanism of compounds in ESI source, which has positive significance for the study of compounds with unconventional mass spectrometry behavior in the field of organic pollutant analysis and metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yage Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu Y, Sun H, Wang X, Chang H, Wang S. Dissipation Dynamic, Residue Distribution and Risk Assessment of Emamectin Benzoate in Longan by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083346. [PMID: 37110581 PMCID: PMC10146324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A derivatization method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was used to evaluate the dissipation, residue distribution and risk assessment of emamectin benzoate in whole longan and pulp. The average recoveries were 82-111% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 11%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.001 mg/kg in longan and pulp. The half-lives were 3.3-4.2 days. The terminal residues in whole longan were <0.001-0.025 mg/kg applied two and three times at two levels of dosage with PHIs of 10, 14, and 21 days. The residues in whole longan had a higher quantity than those in the pulp, and the terminal residues of pulp were all lower than LOQ (0.001 mg/kg). The chronic risk of emamectin benzoate was not negligible to humans depending on ADI% value, which was higher than 1; and the acute risk was acceptable to the consumer. This study could provide guidance for the safe use of emamectin benzoate in longan and serve as a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wei W, Lu Z, Wu T, Wang H, Han Q, Liang Q. One-step fabrication of COF-coated melamine sponge for in-syringe solid-phase extraction of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine in serum samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8071-8079. [PMID: 36169676 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF)-TpBD-supported melamine sponge (MS) was fabricated through a one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained monolithic column was then applied in in-syringe solid-phase extraction (IS-SPE) for the separation of three volatile ingredients from serum samples. Given credit for the superior adsorption capacity of the COF and the homogeneous microporous property of MS, the developed column exhibited satisfactory separation of the targets. And the dominating adsorption mechanism was the hydrophobic interaction forces between TpBD and targets and the high mass transfer efficiency provided by the large pore structure of MS. The results of dynamic adsorption showed that the MS@TpBD column displayed much better adsorption performance than blank MS and TpBD. And it has featured great reusability up to 5 cycles and obtained satisfied recovery values (87.9 ~ 110.3%) in serum samples. As a result of sample clean-up, this column offers low limit of detections (LODs) down to 0.014, 0.010, and 0.020 μg/mL, respectively. In summary, we believe that this convenient separation column has prominent application promise in the fields of separating activity ingredients in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Zenghui Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Qiang Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Dong F, Wu X, Pan X, Xu J, Zheng Y. Trace determination of imidacloprid and its major metabolites in wheat-soil system. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3567-3581. [PMID: 35894251 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Trace analysis method is a reliable basis for studying the translocation and metabolism of imidacloprid used as an insecticide in wheat, and it clarifies whether biologically active metabolites including residual imidacloprid, have long-lasting insecticidal potency against wheat aphids under seed treatment during the entire growth period. In this study, a highly sensitive analytical method was established to determine the residues of imidacloprid and its six metabolites (5-hydroxy imidacloprid, imidacloprid olefin, imidacloprid guanidine, imidacloprid urea, 6-chloronicotinic acid and imidacloprid nitrosimine) in wheat-soil systems, such as in wheat leaves, wheat ears, wheat grains, roots and soil. All the compounds were extracted using an ACN:water (8:2, v/v) mixture and purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries ranged from 74.4 to 109.5% for all matrices, with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 14.9%. The limit of quantitation was in the range of 0.001 to 0.005 mg/kg. The method is demonstrated to be sensitive and accurate for monitoring imidacloprid and its metabolites at trace levels during the entire growth period under field conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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