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Hu C, Deng B, Fang W, Guo B, Chen P, Lu C, Dong Z, Pan M. Transgenic overexpression of bmo-miR-6498-5p increases resistance to Nosema bombycis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0027024. [PMID: 39240120 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00270-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are unfriendly microorganisms, and their infections cause considerable damage to economically or environmentally important insects like silkworms and honeybees. Thus, the identification of measures to improve host resistance to microsporidia infections is critically needed. Here, an overexpressed miR-6498-5p transgenic silkworm line was constructed. Importantly, the survival rates and median lethal doses of the transgenic line were clearly higher after infection with Nosema bombycis. H&E staining and RT-qPCR analyses revealed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of N. bombycis in the transgenic larvae. Metabolomics analysis further revealed the presence of 56 differential metabolites between the two lines. KEGG analysis of these 56 metabolites found that they were involved in various amino acid and vitamin metabolism pathways. Notably, VB6 metabolism was enriched among the metabolites, and the pathway was well known for its involvement in the synthesis, interconversion, and degradation of amino acids. These suggest that miR-6498-5p modifies parasitic environments to inhibit the proliferation of N. bombycis by affecting the host amino acid metabolism. These results demonstrate the potential of microRNAs as biomolecules that can promote resistance to microsporidia and provide new insights and a new approach to generate microsporidia-resistant biological materials.IMPORTANCEMicrosporidia have an extremely wide host range and are capable of infecting a wide variety of insects and vertebrates, including humans, and their lethality to multiple species often poses significant environmental management challenge. Here, we successfully constructed a microsporidium-resistant line in the silkworm, based on the overexpression of miR-6498-5p. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that miR-6498-5p efficiently suppresses the proliferation of Nosema bombycis by regulating the host VB6 metabolism, a key pathway for enzymes involved in amino acid transport and protein metabolism. Our study provides new insights for understanding host anti-pathogen defenses toward microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Dang C, Xiao S, Wang F, Fang Q, Yao H, He K, Li F, Xue D, Ye G. miRNA-mediated insect-resistant transgenic rice poses no risk to a non-target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, via direct feeding or through its target host. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39039789 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have started to play an important role in pest control, and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging. However, an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application. Here, transgenic miR-14 rice, which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis, was used as an example for evaluation in this study. Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops as a reference, the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated. The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co. chilonis, whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch. suppressalis-parasitized larvae, the development duration of Co. chilonis was significantly affected. In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field, it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid, Co. chilonis. These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang He
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shi Y, Jiao B, Guo P, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Xiang W, Dong F, Wang X, Zheng Y. Toxicity assessment of a novel biopesticide guvermectin and identification of its transformation products in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166113. [PMID: 37572911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Guvermectin is a novel biopesticide often used as seed soaking to promote the rice yield. However, its biotoxicity and degradation behavior in soils were still not disclosed, which posed a knowledge gap to guide its rational application. Therefore, the degradation behaviors of guvermectin in four typical soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that guvermectin was degraded fast with DT50 ranging from 0.95 to 10.10 d, and the degradation rate was higher in aerobic condition than that in anaerobic condition. Eight transformation products were screened using UPLC-QTOF/MS. The acute toxicities tests of guvermectin to Coturnix coturnix japonica and Apis mellifera were measured by biological laboratory experiments, and the acute and chronic toxicities of transformation products to Danio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus and Green algae were predicted by ECOSAR software. The results showed that guvermectin has low toxic to quail and honeybee (LD50 2000 mg a.i./kg body weight, LD50 ˃ 100 μg a.i./bee), and its transformation products were also low toxic class to Danio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus and Green algae (LC50/EC50 > 100 mg a.i./L). However, the nucleoside-like metabolites may pose a potential risk due to their similarity to genetic material, which should be concerned. The findings provided important environmental risk assessment data for the rational use of guvermectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou Q, Han L, Li Y, Li J, Yang X. Neutral Dietary Effects of Two MicroRNAs, Csu-Novel-260 and Csu-Mir-14, on the Non-Target Arthropod Folsomia candida. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091885. [PMID: 37176942 PMCID: PMC10181208 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) that is triggered by small or short RNAs has shown enormous potential in the development of pest control strategies. Two microRNAs (miRNAs), Csu-novel-260 and Csu-miR-14, were used in insect-resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) rice lines to confer resistance to Chilo suppressalis. However, a risk assessment of RNAi-based products is essential to determine the safety of a biopesticide or IRGE crop for commercialization. The non-target organism Folsomia candida, which plays an important ecological role as a soil decomposer in agricultural ecosystems, was used to assess the risk of miRNAs Csu-novel-260 and Csu-miR-14. In this study, a dietary miRNA toxicity assay system was established in F. candida. The expression levels of target genes, survival rate, fecundity and body size were investigated to evaluate the effects of the miRNAs on F. candida under the worst-case scenario. The results showed that the dietary miRNA toxicity assay system could be used for risk assessment of miRNA in F. candida. The target genes of miRNAs were influenced by miRNA at some time points. However, no significant differences were observed in the life-table parameters in F. candida fed with a diet containing miRNAs. The dietary effects of two miRNAs on F. candida are neutral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinli Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lanzhi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences and College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Chi X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu B. Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Plant-Derived miRNAs in Modulating Insect Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097978. [PMID: 37175684 PMCID: PMC10178792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding small RNAs, are crucial regulatory factors in plants and animals at the post-transcriptional level. These tiny molecules suppress gene expression by complementary oligonucleotide binding to sites in the target messenger. Recently, the discovery of plant-derived miRNAs with cross-kingdom abilities to regulate gene expression in insects has promoted exciting discussion, although some controversies exist regarding the modulation of insect development by plant-derived miRNAs. Here, we review current knowledge about the mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis, the roles of miRNAs in coevolution between insects and plants, the regulation of insect development by plant-derived miRNAs, the cross-kingdom transport mechanisms of plant-derived miRNAs, and cross-kingdom regulation. In addition, the controversy regarding the modulation of insect development by plant-derived miRNAs also was discussed. Our review provides new insights for understanding complex plant-insect interactions and discovering new strategies for pest management and even crop genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Dang C, Zhang Y, Sun C, Li R, Wang F, Fang Q, Yao H, Stanley D, Ye G. dsRNAs Targeted to the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens: Assessing Risk to a Non-Target, Beneficial Predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:373-380. [PMID: 34967611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology is becoming a maturing insect management approach. Before commercial-scale application, however, it is necessary to assess risks to non-target organisms (NTOs). Here, we evaluated the influence of RNAi technology, targeted to the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens, Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a serious pest of Asian rice cropping systems, by dsRNA feeding. Three dsRNA fragments, targeting sodium channel protein Nach-like (dsNlNa), autophagy protein 5 (dsNlAup5), and V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (dsNlvATP-A), which were highly lethal to BPH, were selected to evaluate their effects on an important predator of BPH, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae). It showed that these three dsRNA fragments posed no risks to C. lividipennis at worst-case treatments when fed with high concentrations (10×) dsRNAs. These findings not only establish part of a risk assessment protocol for RNAi-based products on NTOs but also contribute to the development and deployment of new technologies for BPH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yupan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory USDA/Agricultural Research Service, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia, Missouri 65203, United States
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Province, China
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Tomé-Carneiro J, de Las Hazas MCL, Boughanem H, Böttcher Y, Cayir A, Macias González M, Dávalos A. Up-to-date on the evidence linking miRNA-related epitranscriptomic modifications and disease settings. Can these modifications affect cross-kingdom regulation? RNA Biol 2021; 18:586-599. [PMID: 34843412 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.2002003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of epitranscriptomics is rapidly developing. Several modifications (e.g. methylations) have been identified for different RNA types. Current evidence shows that chemical RNA modifications can influence the whole molecule's secondary structure, translatability, functionality, stability, and degradation, and some are dynamically and reversibly modulated. miRNAs, in particular, are not only post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression but are themselves submitted to regulatory mechanisms. Understanding how these modifications are regulated and the resulting pathological consequences when dysregulation occurs is essential for the development of new therapeutic targets. In humans and other mammals, dietary components have been shown to affect miRNA expression and may also induce chemical modifications in miRNAs. The identification of chemical modifications in miRNAs (endogenous and exogenous) that can impact host gene expression opens up an alternative way to select new specific therapeutic targets.Hence, the aim of this review is to briefly address how RNA epitranscriptomic modifications can affect miRNA biogenesis and to summarize the existing evidence showing the connection between the (de)regulation of these processes and disease settings. In addition, we hypothesize on the potential effect certain chemical modifications could have on the potential cross-kingdom journey of dietary plant miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-food, CEI UAM + CSIM, Spain
| | | | - Hatim Boughanem
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (Ibima), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología Y Nutrición Del Hospital Virgen de La Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos Iii (Isciii), Consorcio Ciber, M.p. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Madrid, Spain.,Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Services and Techniques (EpiGen), Akershus Universitetssykehus, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Akin Cayir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Manuel Macias González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (Ibima), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología Y Nutrición Del Hospital Virgen de La Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos Iii (Isciii), Consorcio Ciber, M.p. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Spain
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