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Ren M, Dong Y, Wang J, Lin J, Qu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital immunosensor based on click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology for the detection of aflatoxin B 1 in peanuts. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341687. [PMID: 37709427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a carcinogenic contaminant in food or feed, and it poses a serious health risk to humans. Herein, a computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital (SMID) immunosensor based on the click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology was designed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. In this SMID immunosensor, the modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres were used as the signal probes and were recorded by a smartphone microscopic imaging system after immunoreaction and click chemistry reaction. The number of PS probes is adjusted by aflatoxin B1. The customized computer vision procedure was used to efficiently identify and count the obtained PS probes. This SMID immunosensor enables sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 with a linear range from 0.001 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL, providing a simple, sensitive, and portable tool for food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food of Hebei Province, Hebei North University, No. 11 South Diamond Road, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Owumi SE, Arunsi UO, Oyelere AK. The protective effect of 3-indolepropanoic acid on aflatoxin B1-induced systemic perturbation of the liver and kidney function in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:369-384. [PMID: 36214208 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is known to derange the hepatorenal system by redox, DNA adduct formation and apoptotic networks. Endogenous 3-indole propionic acid (3-IPA) is a metabolite of tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiota that can protect against redox imbalance, inflammation and cellular lipid damage. We investigated the beneficial effect of 3-IPA against AFB1-mediated organ toxicity in male rats post 28 days of consecutive treatment. The 3-IPA (25 and 50 mg/kg) was orally administered alongside AFB1 (50 μg/kg) treatment. Biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilised to examine biomarkers of hepatorenal function, oxidative status and inflammation. DNA damage and apoptosis were also assessed, and histological staining techniques were used to investigate hepatorenal tissues for pathological indicators. The 3-IPA supplementation abated AFB1-mediated increases in biomarkers of hepatic and renal dysfunction in rat serum. Co-administration of 3-IPA further reduced AFB1-induced redox imbalance (by upregulating antioxidant mediators and enzymes [GSH, TSH, Trx, Trx-R, SOD, CAT, GPx and GST]; reducing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and DNA adduct [RONS, LPO and 8-OH-dG] formation; suppressing pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators [XO, MPO, NO, IL-1β and Casp -9 and -3]; and upregulating the level of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Moreover, treatment with 3-IPA lessened hepatorenal tissue injuries. These findings suggest that augmenting 3-IPA endogenously from tryptophan metabolism may provide a novel strategy to forestall xenobiotics-mediated hepatorenal toxicity, including AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Li J, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Li S, Hao L, Liu W, Wang Z, Wu Q, Wang C. Fluorine-Functionalized Triazine-Based Porous Organic Polymers for the Efficient Adsorption of Aflatoxins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3068-3078. [PMID: 36734531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food safety issue caused by aflatoxins has aroused widespread concern in society. Herein, a novel fluorine-functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymer (F-POP) was developed for the first time by the simple condensation polymerization of 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine and cyanuric chloride. With in-built fluorine functional group (F) and imine group (-NH-), F-POP displayed significantly superior adsorption ability for aflatoxins, outperforming fluorine-free POP due to the multiple interaction mechanisms of hydrogen bond, F-O interaction, π-π interaction, F-π interaction, and hydrophobic interaction. Thus, magnetic F-POP was prepared by introducing Fe3O4 into F-POP and then utilized as a magnetic sorbent for the extraction of trace aflatoxins in peanut and rice samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method presented high sensitivity with the limit of detections at 0.005-0.15 ng g-1. F-POP also exhibited outstanding adsorption capability for many other organic pollutants, revealing its great potential for analysis or adsorption applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yushi Yang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Practice and Training Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuofeng Li
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Lin Hao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
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Chen X, Zhang J, Xie J, Huang Z. Development of two immunochromatographic test strips based on gold nanospheres and gold nanoflowers for the rapid and simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and aristolochic acid A in dual-use medicinal and food ingredients. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li X, Wei L, Nie R, Wang Z, Huang W, Liu J, Zhang X, Chen Y. Integrating magnetic metal-organic frameworks-based sample preparation with microchannel resistance biosensor for rapid and quantitative detection of aflatoxin B 1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129425. [PMID: 35785736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1, a secondary metabolite produced by fungi, is one of the most toxic mycotoxins that poses a major food security and public health threat worldwide. Effective sample pretreatment and high sensitivity detection techniques are urgently needed due to its trace amount in complex samples. Herein, an integrated detection strategy was developed by combining Mg/Zn-metal organic framework-74 modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Mg/Zn-MOF-74 @Fe3O4 MNPs)-based sample preparation and microchannel resistance biosensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 in food samples. The synthesis and characterization of Mg/Zn-MOF-74 @Fe3O4 MNPs was reported, which exhibited efficient separation and enrichment capacity when exposed to complex grain samples. The competitive immunoassay-based microchannel resistance biosensor enabled specific and high-sensitive analysis of aflatoxin B1 by using current as a readout, which caused by the blocking effect between the functionalized-polystyrene microspheres and microchannel. Under optimized conditions, this biosensor was capable to quantitatively analysis aflatoxin B1 from 10 pg/mL to 20 ng/mL, and with a limit of detection of 4.75 pg/mL. This integrated detection strategy has been tested for the quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 in grain samples that is a potential protocol for food safety control and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luyu Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rongbin Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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Wang LJ, Chen ZW, Ma TZ, Qing J, Liu F, Xu Z, Jiao Y, Luo SH, Cheng YH, Ding L. A novel magnetic metal-organic framework absorbent for rapid detection of aflatoxins B 1B 2G 1G 2 in rice by HPLC-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2522-2530. [PMID: 35708023 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a core-shell-structured magnetic metal-organic framework (MMOF) composite material (Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2) was synthesized by the solvothermal method. It was employed as a new absorbent in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection of four aflatoxins (AFs) in rice. This method could shorten the pre-processing time by exploiting the advantageous characteristics of magnetic cores. The impurity was removed quickly. The effects of extraction solution, extraction time, adsorbent types, and amount of adsorbent on the extraction rate of target compounds were optimized. Under optimized conditions, AFs were validated and showed a good linear relationship within the 0.375-20 μg kg-1 concentration range (r2 > 0.9992). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0188-0.1250 μg kg-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0375-0.3750 μg kg-1. At three spiking levels (0.375, 2, and 10 μg kg-1), the average recovery values for the four AFs ranged from 85.1% to 111.0%. The relative standard deviation ranged from 3.4% to 7.7%. The new method proved to be simple, fast, efficient, and suitable for the determination of AFs in rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Juan Wang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Teng-Zhou Ma
- Technical Center for Industrial Product and Raw Material Inspection and Testing, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Jiang Qing
- Technical Center for Industrial Product and Raw Material Inspection and Testing, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Changsha Harmony Health Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Ye Jiao
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Shi-Hua Luo
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Yun-Hui Cheng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Li Ding
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
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Identification of Deoxynivalenol and Degradation Products during Maize Germ Oil Refining Process. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121720. [PMID: 35741918 PMCID: PMC9223215 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in germs and germ oil is posing a serious threat to food and feed security. However, the transformation pathway, the distribution of DON, and its degradation products in edible oil refining have not yet been reported in detail. In this work, we systematically explored the variation of DON in maize germ oil during refining and demonstrated that the DON in germ oil can be effectively removed by refining, during which a part of DON was transferred to the wastes, and another section of DON was degraded during degumming and alkali refining. Moreover, the DON degradation product was identified to be norDON B by using the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, and the degradation product was found to be distributed in waste products during oil refining. This study provides a scientific basis and useful reference for the production of non-mycotoxins edible oil by traditional refining.
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Hoffmans Y, Schaarschmidt S, Fauhl-Hassek C, van der Fels-Klerx H. Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050301. [PMID: 35622548 PMCID: PMC9143035 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally present in cereal-based feed materials; however, due to adverse effects on animal health, their presence in derived animal feed should be minimized. A systematic literature search was conducted to obtain an overview of all factors from harvest onwards influencing the presence and concentration of mycotoxins in cereal-based feeds. The feed production processes covered included the harvest time, post-harvest practices (drying, cleaning, storage), and processing (milling, mixing with mycotoxin binders, extrusion cooking, ensiling). Delayed harvest supports the production of multiple mycotoxins. The way feed materials are dried after harvest influences the concentration of mycotoxins therein. Applying fungicides on the feed materials after harvest as well as cleaning and sorting can lower the concentration of mycotoxins. During milling, mycotoxins might be redistributed in cereal feed materials and fractions thereof. It is important to know which parts of the cereals are used for feed production and whether or not mycotoxins predominantly accumulate in these fractions. For feed production, mostly the milling fractions with outer parts of cereals, such as bran and shorts, are used, in which mycotoxins concentrate during processing. Wet-milling of grains can lower the mycotoxin content in these parts of the grain. However, this is typically accompanied by translocation of mycotoxins to the liquid fractions, which might be added to by-products used as feed. Mycotoxin binders can be added during mixing of feed materials. Although binders do not remove mycotoxins from the feed, the mycotoxins become less bioavailable to the animal and, in the case of food-producing animals, to the consumer, lowering the adverse effects of mycotoxins. The effect of extruding cereal feed materials is dependent on several factors, but in principle, mycotoxin contents are decreased after extrusion cooking. The results on ensiling are not uniform; however, most of the data show that mycotoxin production is supported during ensiling when oxygen can enter this process. Overall, the results of the literature review suggest that factors preventing mycotoxin production have greater impact than factors lowering the mycotoxin contents already present in feed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Hoffmans
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sara Schaarschmidt
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (C.F.-H.)
| | - Carsten Fauhl-Hassek
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (C.F.-H.)
| | - H.J. van der Fels-Klerx
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-317-481963
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