1
|
Zhang M, Zhao W, Zhang Z, He M, Zhang Y, Song B, Liu J, Zhang H. FPS-ZM1 attenuates the deposition of lipid in the liver of diabetic mice by sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 39210356 PMCID: PMC11360499 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares common pathogenic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with upregulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Here, we aim to investigate the effect of FPS-ZM1, an inhibitor for receptor for AGEs (RAGE), on lipid deposition in the liver of mice. METHODS KK-Ay mice were used as models of T2DM with NAFLD, while C57BL/6j mice were controls. Additionally, KK-Ay mice were treated with DMSO (with a concentration of 1%), with or without FPS-ZM1 (3 mg/kg/day, i.p). Lipid deposition in hepatocytes was observed using oil red O stain. Levels of AGEs and RAGE were measured. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), as well as nuclear factor κB p65 (p65 nfκb) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK), were also detected. RESULTS Lipid deposition is increased in the hepatocytes of KK-Ay mice compared to C57BL/6j mice. In addition, not only were the levels of AGEs elevated in plasma, but also the levels of RAGE in liver tissue. Although total SREBP-1c levels did not change in the liver of diabetic mice, mature SREBP-1c increased in KK-Ay mice with diabetes mellitus. Moreover, diabetic mice showed increased levels of phosphorylated-p65 nfκb (p-p65 nfκb) and phosphorylated-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK). On the contrary, FPS-ZM1 decreased lipid deposition in liver cells, as well as mature SREBP-1c, p-p65 nfκb and p-p38 MAPK levels in liver tissue. CONCLUSION Generally, FPS-ZM1 may attenuate lipid deposition in hepatocytes of diabetic mice via SREBP-1c down-regulation. This may depend on the downregulation of p65 nfκb and p38 MAPK phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wanwan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting He
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hua Y, Yin Z, Li M, Sun H, Shi B. Correlation between circulating advanced glycation end products and thioredoxin-interacting protein levels and renal fat content in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:144. [PMID: 38951835 PMCID: PMC11218298 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to explore the clinical relevance of the associations of serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with the renal fat fraction (RFF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 133 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. RFF, which represents the renal fat level, was determined utilizing Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serum levels of AGEs, sRAGE, TXNIP, and other biochemical parameters were measured in patients who fasted. RESULTS RFF in T2DM patients was positively correlated with the fasting levels of C-peptide (CP), triglycerides (TG), AGEs, TXNIP, and sRAGE (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the serum levels of AGEs, sRAGE, and TXNIP were interrelated and positively correlated (P < 0.05). Then, all patients were assigned to four groups according to the RFF quartile. The HC, CP, TG, AGEs, sRAGE, TXNIP, and DKD percentages tended to increase as the RFF quartiles increased, while the HDL-c level tended to decrease (p for trend < 0.05). Next, multiple linear regression analysis was performed using RFF as the dependent variable. After controlling for covariates related to RFF, the results showed that the serum levels of AGEs and TXNIP were still significantly correlated with RFF. CONCLUSION These results suggest that circulating AGEs and TXNIP levels may be associated with ectopic fat accumulation in the kidneys of T2DM patients and may serve as indicators of the severity of renal fat deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hua
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Zaifei Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhu W, Niu T, Song B, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang H. The mediating role of HbA1c in the association between elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:102. [PMID: 37443036 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have been identified as one potential risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients. The current study seeks to clarify the link between LDL-C, hyperglycemia, and DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Here, a total of 120 T2DM individuals were recruited. These volunteers with T2DM were divided into 2 groups, based on the presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, their baseline characteristics were compared. Association among LDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and DPN, particularly with respect to specific nerve conduction velocity were analyzed. To identify factors influencing DPN, regression was performed. Furthermore, mediation analysis was employed to evaluate the indirect, direct and total effects of LDL-C on specific nerve conduction velocity, with HbA1c serving as a mediator. RESULTS Compared to 55 patients without DPN, 65 patients with DPN demonstrated elevated levels of LDL-C and HbA1c. Both LDL-C and HbA1c have been found to be associated with reduced the motor fiber conduction velocities of Ulnar (or the Common peroneal) nerve in diabetic patients. HbA1c is one of the known risk factors for DPN in individuals with T2DM. Further mediation analysis revealed that the effect of LDL-C on the Ulnar (or the Common peroneal) nerve motor fiber conduction velocities are fully mediated by HbA1c in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The impact of elevated LDL-C levels upon the Ulnar (or the Common peroneal) nerve motor fiber conduction velocities in patients with T2DM was found to be entirely mediated by increased HbA1c levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongxiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dagdeviren S, Lee RT, Wu N. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein: A Perspective on Redox Inflammation and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:442-460. [PMID: 35754346 PMCID: PMC9968628 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a member of the arrestin fold superfamily with important cellular functions, including cellular transport, mitochondrial energy generation, and protein cycling. It is the only arrestin-domain protein known to covalently bind to thioredoxin and plays roles in glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer. Recent Advances: The crystal structure of the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex provided details about this fascinating interaction. Recent studies showed that TXNIP is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, and can regulate glucose transport into cells. The tumor suppressor role of TXNIP in various cancer types and the role of TXNIP in fructose absorption are now described. Critical Issues: The influence of TXNIP on redox state is more complex than its interaction with thioredoxin. Future Directions: It is incompletely understood which functions of TXNIP are thioredoxin-dependent. It is also unclear whether TXNIP binding can inhibit glucose transporters without endocytosis. TXNIP-regulated control of ER stress should also be investigated further. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 442-460.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Dagdeviren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun H, Sun R, Hua Y, Lu Q, Shao X. An update on the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein in diabetic kidney disease: A mini review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1153805. [PMID: 37144033 PMCID: PMC10151556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was first isolated from Vitamin D3-exposed HL60 cells. TXNIP is the main redox-regulating factor in various organs and tissues. We begin with an overview of the TXNIP gene and protein information, followed by a summary of studies that have shown its expression in human kidneys. Then, we highlight our current understanding of the effect of TXNIP on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to improve our understanding of the biological roles and signal transduction of TXNIP in DKD. Based on the recent review, the modulation of TXNIP may be considered as a new target in the management of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulin Hua
- The First Clinical Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 1 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Qianyi Lu,
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyu Shao,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun H, Chen J, Hua Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. New insights into the role of empagliflozin on diabetic renal tubular lipid accumulation. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:121. [PMID: 35999610 PMCID: PMC9396853 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 suppression provides potent renal protective effect during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This work aimed to explore how empagliflozin (EMPA, the selective and strong inhibitor of SGLT2) affected renal lipid deposition among patients undergoing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a T2DM mouse model and human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. METHODS This work divided subjects as 3 groups: non-diabetic volunteers, patients treated with metformin and those treated with metformin plus EMPA. In an in vivo study, EMPA was adopted for treating db/db mice that were raised with the basal diet or the high-advanced glycation end products (AGEs) diet. In addition, AGEs and/or EMPA was utilized to treat HK-2 cells in vitro. RESULTS Results showed that diabetic patients treated with metformin plus EMPA had lower AGEs levels and renal fat fraction (RFF) than those treated with metformin. Moreover, a significant and positive association was found between AGEs and RFF. Results from the basic study showed that EMPA decreased cholesterol level, tubular lipid droplets, and protein levels related to cholesterol metabolism in AGEs-mediated HK-2 cells, kidneys of db/db mice and those fed with the high-AGEs diet. Additionally, EMPA decreased AGEs levels in serum while inhibiting the expression of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION EMPA inhibited the AGEs-RAGE pathway, thereby alleviating diabetic renal tubular cholesterol accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Hua
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Li L, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Qi H, Li B. Insight on a Competitive Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of Nε-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine or Different Amino Acids with 4-Methylbenzoquinone. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101421. [PMID: 35626991 PMCID: PMC9140783 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ο-benzoquinone is a common intermediate which is mostly formed by the oxidation of phenolics or polyphenols containing catechol structure. ο-benzoquinone has an outstanding nucleophilic ability, while advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are nucleophilic and can undergo a nucleophilic addition reaction with ο-benzoquinone to mitigate the harmful effects of AGEs on the body. As common nucleophilic substances, amino acids existing in large quantities in food processing and in vivo may bind competitively with ο-benzoquinone, thus influencing the trapping of ο-benzoquinone with AGEs. In this study, cyclic voltammetry and coexistence experiments were used to compare the reactivities of Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and amino acids with 4-methylbenzoquinone (4-MBQ). The results showed that CML is more reactive with ο-benzoquinone than most amino acids, and even in complex systems, ο-benzoquinone still captured CML. Moreover, almost all adducts were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and their chemical formulas were deduced. Quantum chemistry accurately predicts the efficiency and site of reactions of ο-benzoquinone and nucleophiles to a certain extent, and found that a secondary amine has a greater reactivity with 4-MBQ than a primary amine in a similar molecular structure. In general, ο-benzoquinone could capture AGEs, thereby showing potential to reduce the harmfulness of AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Yi Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Haiping Qi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-87113252
| |
Collapse
|