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Zhu L, Wang Z, Gao L, Chen X. Unraveling the Potential of γ-Aminobutyric Acid: Insights into Its Biosynthesis and Biotechnological Applications. Nutrients 2024; 16:2760. [PMID: 39203897 PMCID: PMC11357613 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely distributed non-protein amino acid that serves as a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, regulating various physiological functions. As a result of its potential benefits, GABA has gained substantial interest in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. The enzyme responsible for GABA production is glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of glutamate. Understanding the crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of GAD is pivotal in advancing our knowledge of GABA production. This article provides an overview of GAD's sources, structure, and catalytic mechanism, and explores strategies for enhancing GABA production through fermentation optimization, metabolic engineering, and genetic engineering. Furthermore, the effects of GABA on the physiological functions of animal organisms are also discussed. To meet the increasing demand for GABA, various strategies have been investigated to enhance its production, including optimizing fermentation conditions to facilitate GAD activity. Additionally, metabolic engineering techniques have been employed to increase the availability of glutamate as a precursor for GABA biosynthesis. By fine-tuning fermentation conditions and utilizing metabolic and genetic engineering techniques, it is possible to achieve higher yields of GABA, thus opening up new avenues for its application in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Continuous research in this field holds immense promise for harnessing the potential of GABA in addressing various health-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Le Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
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Ding N, Sun L, Zhou X, Zhang L, Deng Y, Yin L. Enhancing glucaric acid production from myo-inositol in Escherichia coli by eliminating cell-to-cell variation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0014924. [PMID: 38808978 PMCID: PMC11218621 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00149-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucaric acid (GA) is a value-added chemical and can be used to manufacture food additives, anticancer drugs, and polymers. The non-genetic cell-to-cell variations in GA biosynthesis are naturally inherent, indicating the presence of both high- and low-performance cells in culture. Low-performance cells can lead to nutrient waste and inefficient production. Furthermore, myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is a key rate-limiting enzyme with the problem of low stability and activity in GA production. Therefore, eliminating cell-to-cell variations and increasing MIOX stability can select high-performance cells and improve GA production. In this study, an in vivo GA bioselector was constructed based on GA biosensor and tetracycline efflux pump protein TetA to continuously select GA-efficient production strains. Additionally, the upper limit of the GA biosensor was improved to 40 g/L based on ribosome-binding site optimization, achieving efficient enrichment of GA high-performance cells. A small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) enhanced MIOX stability and activity. Overall, we used the GA bioselector and SUMO-MIOX fusion in fed-batch GA production and achieved a 5.52-g/L titer in Escherichia coli, which was 17-fold higher than that of the original strain.IMPORTANCEGlucaric acid is a non-toxic valuable product that was mainly synthesized by chemical methods. Due to the problems of non-selectivity, inefficiency, and environmental pollution, GA biosynthesis has attracted significant attention. The non-genetic cell-to-cell variations and MIOX stability were both critical factors for GA production. In addition, the high detection limit of the GA biosensor was a key condition for performing high-throughput screening of GA-efficient production strains. To increase GA titer, this work eliminated the cell-to-cell variations by GA bioselector constructed based on GA biosensor and TetA, and improved the stability and activity of MIOX in the GA biosynthetic pathway through fusing the SUMO to MIOX. Finally, these approaches improved the GA production by 17-fold to 5.52 g/L at 65 h. This study represents a significant step toward the industrial application of GA biosynthetic pathways in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linpei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Ndochinwa GO, Wang QY, Okoro NO, Amadi OC, Nwagu TN, Nnamchi CI, Moneke AN, Odiba AS. New advances in protein engineering for industrial applications: Key takeaways. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220856. [PMID: 38911927 PMCID: PMC11193397 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in protein/enzyme engineering have enabled the production of a diverse array of high-value compounds in microbial systems with the potential for industrial applications. The goal of this review is to articulate some of the most recent protein engineering advances in bacteria, yeast, and other microbial systems to produce valuable substances. These high-value substances include α-farnesene, vitamin B12, fumaric acid, linalool, glucaric acid, carminic acid, mycosporine-like amino acids, patchoulol, orcinol glucoside, d-lactic acid, keratinase, α-glucanotransferases, β-glucosidase, seleno-methylselenocysteine, fatty acids, high-efficiency β-glucosidase enzymes, cellulase, β-carotene, physcion, and glucoamylase. Additionally, recent advances in enzyme engineering for enhancing thermostability will be discussed. These findings have the potential to revolutionize various industries, including biotechnology, food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Obinna Ndochinwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- State Key Laboratory of Biomass Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomass Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Nanning, 530007, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Nkwachukwu Oziamara Okoro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Oyetugo Chioma Amadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi Innocent Nnamchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Anene Nwabu Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Arome Solomon Odiba
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
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Chowdhury R, Bhuia MS, Al Hasan MS, Ansari SA, Ansari IA, Gurgel APAD, Coutinho HDM, Islam MT. Anticonvulsant effect of (±) citronellal possibly through the GABAergic and voltage-gated sodium channel receptor interaction pathways: In vivo and in silico studies. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105704. [PMID: 38395152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of citronellal (CIT) and possible underlying mechanisms through an isoniazid (INH)-induced seizure (convulsion) via in vivo and in silico studies. For this, convulsions were induced by the oral administration of INH (300 mg/kg) to the mice. The animals were treated orally with different doses of CIT (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Vehicle served as a negative control (NC), while diazepam (DZP) (2 mg/kg) and carbamazepine (CAR) (80 mg/kg) were provided (p.o.) as positive controls (PC). A combination therapy of CIT (middle dose) with DZP and CAR was also given to two separate groups of animals to estimate the synergistic or antagonistic effects. Molecular docking and visualization of ligand-receptor interactions are also estimated through different computational tools. The results of the in vivo study showed that CIT dose-dependently significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited a higher onset of seizures while reducing the frequency and duration of seizures in mice compared to the NC group. Besides these, in combination therapy, CIT significantly antagonized the activity of CAR and DZP, leading to a reduction in the onset of seizures and an increase in their frequency and duration compared to treatment with CAR and DZP alone. Additionally, molecular docking revealed that the CIT exhibited a moderate binding affinity (-5.8 kcal/mol) towards the GABAA receptor and a relative binding affinity (-5.3 kcal/mol) towards the voltage-gated sodium channel receptor by forming several bonds. In conclusion, CIT showed moderate anticonvulsant activity in INH-induced convulsion animals, possibly by enhancing GABAA receptor activity and inhibiting the voltage-gated sodium channel receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh; Bioluster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh; Bioluster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Aamer Ansari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | | | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato CE, 63105-000, Brazil CE, 63105-000, Brazil.
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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Wang J, Ma W, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhao L. Microbial chassis design and engineering for production of gamma-aminobutyric acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:159. [PMID: 38607454 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid which is widely applied in agriculture and pharmaceutical additive industries. GABA is synthesized from glutamate through irreversible α-decarboxylation by glutamate decarboxylase. Recently, microbial synthesis has become an inevitable trend to produce GABA due to its sustainable characteristics. Therefore, reasonable microbial platform design and metabolic engineering strategies for improving production of GABA are arousing a considerable attraction. The strategies concentrate on microbial platform optimization, fermentation process optimization, rational metabolic engineering as key metabolic pathway modification, promoter optimization, site-directed mutagenesis, modular transporter engineering, and dynamic switch systems application. In this review, the microbial producers for GABA were summarized, including lactic acid bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli, as well as the efficient strategies for optimizing them to improve the production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- WuXi Biologics Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214062, China
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Chang F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Tu T, Luo H, Huang H, Bai Y, Qin X, Wang Y, Yao B, Wang Y, Wang X. Efficient production of γ-aminobutyric acid using engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell catalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110379. [PMID: 38103484 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been widely used in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and chemical industry fields. Previously, we developed a whole-cell catalyst capable of converting L-glutamate (L-Glu) into GABA by overexpressing the glutamate decarboxylase gene (gadz11) from Bacillus sp. Z11 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). However, to enhance cell permeability, a freeze-thaw treatment is required, and to enhance GADZ11 activity, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) must be added to the reaction system. The aim of this study is to provide a more efficient approach for GABA production by engineering the recombinant E. coli above. First, the inducible expression conditions of the gadz11 in E. coli were optimized to 37 °C for 6 h. Next, an ideal engineered strain was produced via increasing cell permeability by overexpressing sulA and eliminating PLP dependence by constructing a self-sufficient system. Furthermore, an efficient whole-cell biocatalytic process was optimized. The optimal substrate concentration, cell density, and reaction temperature were 1.0 mol/L (the molecular ratio of L-Glu to L-monosodium glutamate (L-MSG) was 4:1), 15 and 37 °C, respectively. Finally, a whole-cell bioconversion procedure was performed in a 3-L bioreactor under optimal conditions. The strain could be reused for at least two cycles with GABA yield, productivity and conversion ratio of 206.2 g/L, 117.8 g/L/h and 100.0%, respectively. This is currently the highest GABA productivity from a mixture of L-Glu and L-MSG reported without the addition of cofactors or additional treatment of cells. This work demonstrates that the novel engineered E. coli strain has the potential for application in large-scale industrial GABA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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