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Zhang T, Liu Y, Cao J, Liu Y, Hao L, Lin K, Yi H. Exploration of Novel Plasmin Inhibitor from β-Lactoglobulin for Enhancing the Storage Stability of UHT Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17041-17050. [PMID: 39024493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Plasmin-induced protein hydrolysis significantly compromises the stability of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) milk. β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) was observed to inhibit plasmin activity, suggesting that there were active sites as plasmin inhibitors in β-Lg. Herein, plasmin inhibitory peptides were explored from β-Lg using experimental and computational techniques. The results revealed that increased denaturation of β-Lg enhanced its affinity for plasmin, leading to a stronger inhibition of plasmin activity. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that electrostatic and van der Waals forces were the primary binding forces in the β-Lg/plasmin complex. Denatured β-Lg increased hydrogen bonding and reduced the binding energy with plasmin. The sites of plasmin bound to β-Lg were His624, Asp667, and Ser762. Four plasmin inhibitory peptides, QTMKGLDI, EKTKIPAV, TDYKKYLL, and CLVRTPEV, were identified from β-Lg based on binding sites. These peptides effectively inhibited plasmin activity and enhanced the UHT milk stability. This study provided new insights into the development of novel plasmin inhibitors to improve the stability of UHT milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan Province 462300, China
| | - Yisuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan Province 462300, China
| | - Jiayuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yinxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan Province 462300, China
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Zhang T, Liu Y, Cao J, Jiang L, Wang P, Ren F, Yi H. Exploration of dynamic interaction between β-lactoglobulin and casein micelles during UHT milk process. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134367. [PMID: 39089562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The protein aggregation induced by UHT treatment shortens the shelf life of UHT milk. However, the mechanism of β-Lg induced casein micelle aggregation remains unclear. Herein, the dynamic interaction between β-Lg and casein micelles during UHT processing was investigated by experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Results showed that β-Lg decreased the stability of casein micelles, increased their size and zeta potential. Raman and FTIR spectra analysis suggested that hydrogen and disulfide bonds facilitated their interaction. Cryo-TEM showed that the formation of the casein micelle/β-Lg complex involved rigid binding, flexible linking, and severe cross-linking aggregation during UHT processing. SAXS and MST demonstrated β-Lg bound to κ-casein on micelle surfaces with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.84 ± 1.14 μm. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations identified the interacting amino acid residues and clarified that electrostatic and van der Waals forces drove the interaction. UHT treatment increased hydrogen bonds and decreased total binding energy. The non-covalent binding promoted the formation of disulfide bonds between β-Lg and casein micelles under heat treatment. Ultimately, it was concluded that non-covalent interaction and disulfide bonding resulted in casein micelle/β-Lg aggregates. These findings provided scientific insights into protein aggregation in UHT milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
| | - Yisuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
| | - Jiayuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China.
| | - Huaxi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China.
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Sun Y, Ding Y, Liu B, Guo J, Su Y, Yang X, Man C, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Recent advances in the bovine β-casein gene mutants on functional characteristics and nutritional health of dairy products: Status, challenges, and prospects. Food Chem 2024; 443:138510. [PMID: 38281416 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
β-casein is the second most abundant form of casein in milk. Changes in amino acid sequence at specific positions in the primary structure of β-casein in milk will produce gene mutations that affect the physicochemical properties of dairy products and the hydrolysis site of digestive enzymes. The screening method of β-casein allele frequency detection in dairy products also has attracted the extensive attention of scientists and farmers. The A1 and A2 β-casein is the two usual mutation types, distinguished by histidine and proline at position 67 in the peptide chain. This paper summarizes the effects of A1 and A2 β-casein on the physicochemical properties of dairy products and evaluates the effects on human health, and the genotyping methods were also concluded. Impressively, this review presents possible future opportunities and challenges for the promising field of A2 β-casein, providing a valuable reference for the development of the functional dairy market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Biqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Su
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China.
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Yang X, Zhang X, Ming P, Li Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li L, Xiao Y, Guo X, Yang Z. Fabricating Ultra-Narrow Precision Slit Structures with Periodically Reducing Current Over-Growth Electroforming. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:76. [PMID: 38258195 PMCID: PMC10821455 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
An ultra-narrow precision slit with a width of less than ten micrometers is the key structure of some optical components, but the fabrication of these structures is still very difficult to accomplish. To fabricate these slits, this paper proposed a periodically reducing current over-growth electroforming process. In the periodically reducing current over-growth electroforming, the electric current applied to the electrodeposition process is periodically stepped down rather than being constant. Simulations and experimentation studies were carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed process, and further optimization of process parameters was implemented experimentally to achieve the desired ultra-narrow precision slits. The current values were: I1=Iinitial, I2=0.75Iinitial at Qc=0.5Qt, I3=0.5Iinitial at Qc=0.75Qt,respectively. It was shown that, compared with conventional constant current over-growth electroforming, the proposed process can significantly improve the surface quality and geometrical accuracy of the fabricated slits and can markedly enhance the achievement of the formed ultra-narrow slits. With the proposed process, slits with a width of down to 5 ± 0.1 μm and a surface roughness of less than 62.8 nm can be easily achieved. This can improve the determination sensitivity and linear range of the calibration curves of spectral imagers and food and chemical analysis instruments. Periodically reducing current over-growth electroforming is effective and advantageous in fabricating ultra-narrow precision slits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
- School of Engineering and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Hebi 458030, China
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Hebi Polytechnic, Hebi 458030, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Pingmei Ming
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zongbin Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lunxu Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Youping Xiao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (X.G.); (Z.Y.)
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