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Liu L, Li H, Wang Z, Yao X, Xiao W, Yu Y. Exploring the anti-migraine effects of Tianshu capsule: chemical profile, metabolic behavior, and therapeutic mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 131:155766. [PMID: 38865935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is widely recognized as the third most prevalent medical condition globally. Tianshu capsule (TSC), derived from "Da Chuan Xiong Fang" of the Jin dynasty, is integral in the clinical treatment of migraine. However, the chemical properties and therapeutic mechanisms of TSC different portions remain unclear. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the effects of TSC different portions (including small molecular TSCP-SM and polysaccharides TSC-P) on migraine and explore the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS First of all, migraine rats were established by nitroglycerin injection and treated with TSC, TSC-P, and TSC-SM. ELISA, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the pharmacological effects on migraine rats. Secondly, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and GC--MS were employed to detect the components of TSC-SM. PMP-HPLC, NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, AFM, and SEM were used for the chemical profiling of polysaccharides. Thirdly, the metabolic behavior profile of TSC-P was characterized by oral administrated fluorescence-labeled TSC-P and detected by NIRF imaging. Finally, the anti-migraine mechanisms were explored by determining the composition of gut microbiota, analyzing colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and examining serum tryptophan-related metabolites. RESULTS Both small molecules (45 volatiles and 114 small molecules) and polysaccharides (including Glc, Ara, Gal, and Gal A) have exhibited effectiveness in alleviating migraine, and this efficacy is associated with reduced CGRP and iNOS levels, along with increased β-EP expressions. Further mechanistic exploration revealed that small-molecules exhibited effectiveness in migraine treatment by exerting antioxidative actions, while polysaccharides demonstrated superior therapeutic effects in regulating 5-HT levels. By monitoring the metabolic behavior of polysaccharides with fluorescent labeling, it was observed that TSC-P exhibited poor absorption. Instead, TSC-P demonstrated its therapeutic effects by modulating the aberrations in gut microbiota (including Alloprevotella, Muribaculaceae_ge, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005), cecum short-chain fatty acids (such as isobutyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids), and serum tryptophan-related metabolites (including indole-3-acetamide, tryptophol, and indole-3-propionic acid). CONCLUSION This research provides innovative insights into chemical composition, metabolic behavior, and proposed anti-migraine mechanisms of TSC from a polarity-based perspective, and pioneering an exploration focused on the polysaccharide components within TSC for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxian Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy ; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China; and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Haibo Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture and Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture and Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy ; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China; and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture and Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy ; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China; and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zhao M, Jia Y, Li K, Li C. The effects of inulin on solubilizing and improving anti-obesity activity of high polymerization persimmon tannin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132232. [PMID: 38734349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
High polymerization persimmon tannin has been reported to have lipid-lowering effects. Unfortunately, the poor solubility restricts its application. This research aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of inulin on solubilizing of persimmon tannin. Furthermore, we examined whether the addition of inulin would affect the attenuated obesity effect of persimmon tannin. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results demonstrated that inulin formed a gel-like network structure, which enabled the encapsulation of persimmon tannin through hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions, thereby inhibiting the self-aggregation of persimmon tannin. The turbidity of the persimmon tannin solution decreased by 56.2 %, while the polyphenol content in the supernatant increased by 60.0 %. Furthermore, biochemical analysis and 16s rRNA gene sequencing technology demonstrated that persimmon tannin had a significant anti-obesity effect and improved intestinal health in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, inulin was found to have a positive effect on enhancing the health benefits of persimmon tannin, including improving hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. it enhanced the abundance of beneficial core microbes while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria. Our findings expand the applications of persimmon tannin in the food and medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Huangfu W, Ma J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu B, Zhao J, Wang Z, Shi Y. Dietary Fiber-Derived Butyrate Alleviates Piglet Weaning Stress by Modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients 2024; 16:1714. [PMID: 38892647 PMCID: PMC11174469 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning stress in piglets. However, the effects of different sources of dietary fiber on the performance of weaned piglets are inconsistent, and the mechanisms through which they affect intestinal health need to be explored. Therefore, in this study, sixty weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (control, CON), beet pulp (BP), and alfalfa meal (AM) according to the feed formulation for a 28-day trial. The results showed that both AM and BP groups significantly reduced diarrhea rate and serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increased antioxidant markers (T-AOC and SOD), in addition to decreasing serum MDA and ROS concentrations in the AM group. At the same time, piglets in the AM group showed a significant reduction in serum intestinal permeability indices (LPS and DAO) and a substantial increase in serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and expression of intestinal barrier-associated genes (Claudin1, Occludin, ZO-1, and MUC1), which resulted in an improved growth performance. Interestingly, the effect of DF on intestinal inflammation and barrier function can be attributed to its modulation of gut microbes. Fiber-degrading bacteria enriched in the AM group (Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Pediococcus and Weissella) inhibited the production of TLR4- through the promotion of SCFAs (especially butyrate). MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway activation reduces intestinal inflammation and repairs intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, it may provide some theoretical support and rationale for AM to alleviate weaning stress and improve early intestinal dysfunction, which may have implications for human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (B.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Yuan J, Hu Y, Yang D, Zhou A, Luo S, Xu N, Dong J, He Q, Zhang C, Zhang X, Ji Z, Li Q, Chu J. The Effects of Crataegus pinnatifida and Wolfiporia extensa Combination on Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:1633. [PMID: 38890862 PMCID: PMC11171702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease with multiple complications. Crataegus pinnatifida (CP) and Wolfiporia extensa (WE) are traditional functional foods with improving metabolic health properties. This study demonstrated the effect of CP and WE combination on ameliorating obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the CP-WE food pair ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic disorders, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analysis revealed that CP combined with WE reshaped the composition of gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a substantial association between the obesity-related parameters and the shifts in predominant bacterial genera influenced by the food pair intervention. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the CP-WE food pair ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and reshaped gut microbiota composition, providing a promising approach to combat obesity through specific food combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
- Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yueyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - An Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
- Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shengyong Luo
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Hefei 230061, China;
| | - Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Jiaxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Qing He
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhangxin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (D.Y.); (A.Z.); (J.D.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Jun Chu
- Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Institute of Surgery, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Wu F, Zhao M, Tang Z, Wang F, Han S, Liu S, Chen B. Curcumin alleviates cecal oxidative injury in diquat-induced broilers by regulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and microflora. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103651. [PMID: 38552344 PMCID: PMC10995872 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the alleviative effect of curcumin (CUR) on the diquat (DQ)-induced cecal injury in broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb broilers were selected and randomly divided into 4 treatments, namely control, DQ, CUR 100, and CUR150 groups. The control and DQ groups were fed a basal diet, while the CUR 100 and CUR150 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 and 150 mg/kg CUR, respectively. Each group had 8 replicates, with 10 broilers per replicate. On day 21 of the experiment, 1 broiler was selected from each replicate and intraperitoneally injected 20 mg/kg body weight of DQ for DQ, CUR 100, and CUR 150 groups. Broilers in control group received equivalent volume of saline. Broilers were euthanized 48h postinjection for tissue sampling. The results showed that DQ injection could cause oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in the cecum, affecting the fatty acid production and flora structure, thus leading to cecum damage. Compared with the DQ group, the activity of superoxide dismutase, the level of interleukin 10, acetic acid, and total volatile fatty, and the abundance of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, copper and zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase mRNA in the cecal mucosa of broilers in the CUR group increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, the levels of malondialdehyd, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the expression of cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the CUR group. In addition, CUR treatment alleviated the damage to the cecum and restored the flora structure, and Lactobacillus and Lactobacillaceae promoted the alleviative effect of CUR on DQ. In summary, CUR could alleviate the cecal injury caused by DQ-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory reactions by regulating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and intestinal flora, thus protecting the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Man Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Zhaohong Tang
- Hebei Research Institute of Microbiology Co., LTD, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Shuaijuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000 China.
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Wang N, Chen S, Xie Y, Liu X, Xi Z, Li J, Xue C, Deng R, Min W, Kang R, Xie L. The Sanbi Decoction alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats through intestinal flora and serum metabolic homeostasis modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155480. [PMID: 38484462 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an essential cause of low back pain (LBP), the incidence of which has risen in recent years and is progressively younger, but treatment options are limited, placing a serious economic burden on society. Sanbi decoction (SBD) is an important classical formula for the treatment of IVDD, which can significantly improve patients' symptoms and is a promising alternative therapy. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of SBD in the treatment of IVDD and to explore the underlying mechanisms by using an integrated analytical approach of microbiomics and serum metabolomics, as well as by using molecular biology. METHODS A rat IVDD puncture model was established and treated by gavage with different concentrations of SBD, and clean faeces, serum, liver, kidney, and intervertebral disc (IVD) were collected after 4 weeks. We assessed the safety by liver and kidney weighing, functional tests and tissue staining, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) inflammatory factors in serum was detected by ELISA kits, and X-ray test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and safranin O-fast green (SO/FG) staining were used to assess the efficacy. Finally, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing analysis on the faeces of different groups and untargeted metabolomics on serum and analyzed the association between them. RESULTS SBD can effectively reduce the inflammatory response, regulate the metabolic balance of extracellular matrix (ECM), improve symptoms, and restore IVD function. In addition, SBD can significantly improve the diversity of intestinal flora and maintain the balance. At the phylum level, SBD greatly increased the relative abundance of Patescibacteria and Actinobacteriota and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota. At the genus level, SBD significantly increased the relative abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014, Enterorhabdus, and Adlercreutzia, and decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (p < 0.05). Untargeted metabolomics indicated that SBD significantly improved serum metabolites and altered serum expression of 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alphaPDD), euscaphic acid (EA), alpha-muricholic acid (α-MCA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and kynurenine (Kyn) (p < 0.05), and the metabolic pathways were mainly lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that SBD can extensively regulate intestinal flora and serum metabolic homeostasis to reduce inflammatory response, inhibit the degradation of ECM, restore IVD height and water content to achieve apparent therapeutic effect for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China
| | - Zhipeng Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China
| | - Jingchi Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Congyang Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China
| | - Wen Min
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| | - Ran Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China.
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, China.
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Wu L, Ye S, Deng X, Fu Z, Li J, Yang C. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates High Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance via Regulating Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Interactions. Nutrients 2024; 16:1133. [PMID: 38674824 PMCID: PMC11053735 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interaction between gut microbiota, host immunity and metabolism has been suggested to crucially affect the development of insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to investigate how gut microbiota, inflammatory responses and metabolism in individuals with IR are affected by the supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and how this subsequently affects the pathophysiology of IR by using a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model. Serum biochemical indices showed that 400 mg/kg body weight of CLA effectively attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance and IR, while also promoting antioxidant capacities. Histomorphology, gene and protein expression analysis revealed that CLA reduced fat deposition and inflammation, and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling and glucose transport in adipose tissue or liver. Hepatic transcriptome analysis confirmed that CLA inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways and promoted insulin, PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways, as well as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, arginine and proline metabolism. Gut microbiome analysis further revealed that these effects were highly associated with the enriched bacteria that showed positive correlation with the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as the improved SCFAs production simultaneously. This study highlights the therapeutic actions of CLA on ameliorating IR via regulating microbiota-host metabolic and immunomodulatory interactions, which have important implications for IR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Shijie Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiangfei Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Jinjun Li
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
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Han J, Wu P, Xu Z, Liu C, Chen Q, Zhang F, Tao H, Luo D, Zhou L, Wang B, Gao Z, Shen T, Wen Y, Yu H. The anti-cholestatic effects of Coptis chinensis Franch. alone and combined with Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley: dual effects on fecal metabolism and microbial diversity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372527. [PMID: 38523644 PMCID: PMC10957555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Drug dosages and combinations are the main factors that affect the efficacy of pleiotropic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Coptis chinensis Franch. (CF) is a representative TCM with multiple effects and is often combined with Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley (TR) to treat cholestasis. The present study assessed the influence of CF dose and its combination with TR on the efficacy of CF in cholestasis treatment, including their effects on fecal metabolism and fecal microorganisms. Methods: Rats with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT, 50 mg/kg)-induced cholestasis were administered low (0.3 g/kg) and high (0.6 g/kg) doses of CF, as well as CF combined with TR at doses of 0.6 g/kg and 0.9 g/kg, respectively. The anti-cholestatic effects of these treatments were assessed by determining their anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidative stress properties. Additionally, fecal metabolomics and fecal microorganisms were analyzed. Results: Low dose CF had a more potent hypolipidemic effect than high dose CF, whereas high dose CF had more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Combination with TR enhanced the hypolipidemic effect, but antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect, of CF. Analyses of fecal metabolomics and fecal microorganisms showed differences in the regulation of lipid- and amino acid metabolism-related pathways, including pathways of linoleic acid, tyrosine, and arachidonic acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis between different doses of CF as well as between different doses of CF in combination with TR. These differences may contribute to differences in the anti-cholestatic effects of these preparations. Conclusion: CF dose influences its anti-cholestatic efficacy. The combination with TR had synergistic or antagonistic effects on the properties of CF, perhaps by altering fecal metabolism and fecal microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongying Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Tao
- Cangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen X, Hou Y, Liao A, Pan L, Yang S, Liu Y, Wang J, Xue Y, Zhang M, Zhu Z, Huang J. Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Adipose Transcriptome Reveals Beneficial Effects of Resistant Dextrin from Wheat Starch on Insulin Resistance in Kunming Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38397423 PMCID: PMC10886926 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic chronic inflammation is recognized as a significant contributor to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. Previous studies have revealed the physiological benefits of resistant dextrin (RD), including obesity reduction, lower fasting glucose levels, and anti-inflammation. The present study investigated the effects of RD intervention on insulin resistance (IR) in Kunming mice, expounding the mechanisms through the gut microbiome and transcriptome of white adipose. In this eight-week study, we investigated changes in tissue weight, glucose-lipid metabolism levels, serum inflammation levels, and lesions of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) evaluated via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, we analyzed the gut microbiota composition and transcriptome of eWAT to assess the potential protective effects of RD intervention. Compared with a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD) group, the RD intervention significantly enhanced glucose homeostasis (e.g., AUC-OGTT, HOMA-IR, p < 0.001), and reduced lipid metabolism (e.g., TG, LDL-C, p < 0.001) and serum inflammation levels (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, p < 0.001). The RD intervention also led to changes in the gut microbiota composition, with an increase in the abundance of probiotics (e.g., Parabacteroides, Faecalibaculum, and Muribaculum, p < 0.05) and a decrease in harmful bacteria (Colidextribacter, p < 0.05). Moreover, the RD intervention had a noticeable effect on the gene transcription profile of eWAT, and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differential genes were enriched in PI3K/AKT, AMPK, in glucose-lipid metabolism, and in the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes signaling pathways. The findings demonstrated that RD not only ameliorated IR, but also remodeled the gut microbiota and modified the transcriptome profile of eWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yinchen Hou
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Aimei Liao
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Long Pan
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengru Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yingying Liu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingchun Xue
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhitong Zhu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
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Feng H, Zhang J, Zhang K, Wang X, Guo Z, Wang L, Li J. Synergistic anti-infectious bronchitis virus activity of Phillygenin combined Baicalin by modulating respiratory microbiota and improving metabolic disorders. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103371. [PMID: 38150830 PMCID: PMC10788278 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phillygenin (PHI) and Baicalin (Bai) are the major chemical ingredients extracted from Forsythia suspensa and Scutellaria baicalensis, respectively. The mixture of Forsythia suspensa and Scutellaria baicalensis according to the theories of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, compounded formulation can effectively exert heat-clearing and detoxifying effect, but the synergistic anti-IBV activity of PHI combined with Bai was unclear. Here, the protection of PHI combined with Bai on avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) M41 infection and the change of respiratory microbiota and metabolomics profiles in broilers that infected with IBV were investigated. According to the experimental findings, the combination of PHI and Bai effectively alleviated broilers' slowing-growth weight and respiratory symptoms. This was accompanied by a reduction in viral copies and histopathological changes, as well as an increase of antiviral protein (G3BP1) level in tracheas and anti-IBV antibody levels in serum. In addition, 16s RNA sequencing revealed that IBV infection significantly changed respiratory microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels and respiratory metabolism composition in broilers. Interestingly, PHI combined with Bai modulated the composition of respiratory microfloras, especially the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae were upregulated, as well as the abundance of Proteobacteria was downregulated. The metabolomics results indicated that PHI combined with Bai involved in glucose, lipids, amino acids and nucleotide metabolism during IBV infection. In summary, PHI combined with Bai exhibited a synergistic effect on preventing infectious bronchitis (IB), with the protection being closely associated with the composition of respiratory microbiota and metabolites. Therefore, adding the mixture of PHI and Bai to the chicken drinking water is recommended to prevent and control IB in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Feng
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Zhiting Guo
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
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Expósito-Almellón X, Duque-Soto C, López-Salas L, Quirantes-Piné R, de Menezes CR, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J. Non-Digestible Carbohydrates: Green Extraction from Food By-Products and Assessment of Their Effect on Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3880. [PMID: 37764662 PMCID: PMC10538179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature and composition of the waste produced by food industrial processing make its abundance and accumulation an environmental problem. Since these by-products may present a high potential for revalorization and may be used to obtain added-value compounds, the main goals of the technological advancements have been targeted at reducing the environmental impact and benefiting from the retrieval of active compounds with technological and health properties. Among the added-value substances, nondigestible carbohydrates have demonstrated promise. In addition to their well-known technological properties, they have been discovered to modify the gut microbiota and enhance immune function, including the stimulation of immune cells and the control of inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, the combination of these compounds with other substances such us phenols could improve their biological effect on different noncommunicable diseases through microbiota modulation. In order to gain insight into the implementation of this combined strategy, a broader focus concerning different aspects is needed. This review is focused on the optimized green and advanced extraction system applied to obtain added-value nondigestible carbohydrates, the combined administration with phenols and their beneficial effects on microbiota modulation intended for health and/or illness prevention, with particular emphasis on noncommunicable diseases. The isolation of nondigestible carbohydrates from by-products as well as in combination with other bioactive substances could provide an affordable and sustainable source of immunomodulatory chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Expósito-Almellón
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Lucía López-Salas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Edificio BioRegión, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain (C.D.-S.); (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
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Huang S, Dong S, Lin L, Ma Q, Xu M, Ni L, Fan Q. Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1226448. [PMID: 37554983 PMCID: PMC10404850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1226448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inulin is a natural plant extract that improves metabolic syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may affect intestinal bile acids. We suggest that inulin may improve metabolism by inducing bile acid excretion by gut microbes. Methods: Male C57/BL mice were fed either a high-fat diet (60% calories) or a regular diet for 16 weeks, with oral inulin (10% w/w). At the end of the experiment, the gene expression levels (FGF15, CD36, Srebp-1c, FASN, and ACC) in the liver and intestines, as well as the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids, were collected. The expression of FGF15 was examined using Western blot analysis. The fat distribution in the liver and groin was detected by oil red and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Simultaneously, the levels of serum inflammatory factors (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were detected to explore the side effects of inulin. Results: Inulin significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight and serum TG and LDL levels, in mice fed normal diet. Furthermore, inulin increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and increased the fecal bile acid and TG excretion in inulin-treated mice. In addition, inulin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in liver and inguinal fat, white fat weight, and hepatic steatosis. Western blot analysis showed that inulin reduced the expression of FGF15, a bile acid reabsorption protein. Conclusion: Inulin ameliorates the glucose and lipid metabolic phenotypes of mice fed a normal diet, including decreased intestinal lipid absorption, increased glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight. These changes may be caused by an increase in bile acid excretion resulting from changes in the gut microbiota that affect intestinal lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Shiliang Dong
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Qiming Ma
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengping Xu
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Limei Ni
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Qitong Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanchang University Fuzhou Medical College, Fuzhou, China
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