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Saeed M, Yan M, Ni Z, Hussain N, Chen H. Molecular strategies to enhance the keratinase gene expression and its potential implications in poultry feed industry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103606. [PMID: 38479096 PMCID: PMC10951097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The tons of keratin waste are produced by the poultry and meat industry which is an insoluble and protein-rich material found in hair, feathers, wool, and some epidermal wastes. These waste products could be degraded and recycled to recover protein, which can save our environment. One of the potential strategy to achieve this target is use of microbial biotreatment which is more convenient, cost-effective, and environment-friendly by formulating hydrolysate complexes that could be administered as protein supplements, bioactive peptides, or animal feed ingredients. Keratin degradation shows great promise for long-term protein and amino acid recycling. According to the MEROPS database, known keratinolytic enzymes currently belong to at least 14 different protease families, including S1, S8, S9, S10, S16, M3, M4, M14, M16, M28, M32, M36, M38, and M55. In addition to exogenous attack (proteases from families S9, S10, M14, M28, M38, and M55), the various keratinolytic enzymes also function via endo-attack (proteases from families S1, S8, S16, M4, M16, and M36). Biotechnological methods have shown great promise for enhancing keratinase expression in different strains of microbes and different protein engineering techniques in genetically modified microbes such as bacteria and some fungi to enhance keratinase production and activity. Some microbes produce specific keratinolytic enzymes that can effectively degrade keratin substrates. Keratinases have been successfully used in the leather, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the production and efficiency of existing enzymes need to be optimized before they can be used more widely in other processes, such as the cost-effective pretreatment of chicken waste. These can be improved more effectively by using various biotechnological applications which could serve as the best and novel approach for recycling and degrading biomass. This paper provides practical insights about molecular strategies to enhance keratinase expression to effectively utilize various poultry wastes like feathers and feed ingredients like soybean pulp. Furthermore, it describes the future implications of engineered keratinases for environment friendly utilization of wastes and crop byproducts for their better use in the poultry feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mingchen Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Nazar Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Cheng S, Wu T, Zhang H, Sun Z, Mwabulili F, Xie Y, Sun S, Ma W, Li Q, Yang Y, Wu X, Jia H. Mining Lactonase Gene from Aflatoxin B 1-Degrading Strain Bacillus megaterium and Degrading Properties of the Recombinant Enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20762-20771. [PMID: 38103014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites mainly produced by filamentous fungal species that commonly contaminate food and feed. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely toxic and seriously threatens the health of humans and animals. In this work, the Bacillus megaterium HNGD-A6 was obtained and showed a 94.66% removal ability of AFB1 by employing extracellular enzymes as the degrading active substance. The degradation products were P1 (AFD1, C16H14O5) and P2 (C14H16N2O2), and their toxicity was greatly reduced compared to that of AFB1. The AttM gene was mined by BlastP comparison and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. AttM could degrade 86.78% of AFB1 at pH 8.5 and 80 °C, as well as 81.32% of ochratoxin A and 67.82% of zearalenone. The ability of AttM to degrade a wide range of toxins and its resistance to high temperatures offer the possibility of its use in food or feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhong Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fred Mwabulili
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
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