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Hu X, Wang M, Cai F, Liu L, Cheng Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Long C. A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116829. [PMID: 37429501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Comprising of about 30 species, the genus Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae) are mainly distributed in East Asia and North America. Among them, 13 species have been traditionally used as folk medicines in Asia and other parts of the world to treat blood diseases, abnormal bleeding, skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, bone injury, lung diseases, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tonic, cancer, eye diseases, menstrual irregularities, inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, rattlesnake bite, internal parasites, contraceptive, vomiting and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY To date, no comprehensive review on Toxicodendron has been published and the scientific basis of the traditional medicinal benefits of Toxicodendron have been less reported. Therefore, this review aims to provide a reference for further research and development on medicinal purpose of Toxicodendron by summarizing the works (from 1980 to 2023), and focusing on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The names of the species were from The Plant List Database (http://www.theplantlist.org), World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org), Catalogue of Life Database (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) and Plants for A Future Database (https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx). And the search terms "Toxicodendron" and "the names of 31 species and their synonyms" were used to search for information from electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Springer, and Wiley Online Library. Moreover, PhD and MSc dissertations were also used to support this work. RESULTS These species on Toxicodendron are widely used in folkloric medicine and modern pharmacological activities. So far, approximately 238 compounds, mainly phenolic acids and their derivatives, urushiols, flavonoids and terpenoids, are extracted and isolated from Toxicodendron plants, commonly, T. trichocarpum, T. vernicifluum, T. succedaneum, and T. radicans. Among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids are the main compound classes that show pharmacological activities in Toxicodendron plants both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the extracts and single compounds of these species show a wide range of activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver protection, fat reduction, nerve protection, and treatment of blood diseases. CONCLUSIONS Selected species of Toxicodendron have been used as herbal medicines in the Southeast Asian for a long time. Furthermore, some bioactive constituents have been identified from them, so plants in this genus may be potential new drugs. The existing research on Toxicodendron has been reviewed, and the phytochemistry and pharmacology provide theoretical basis for some of the traditional medicinal uses. Therefore, in this review, the traditional medicinal, phytochemical and modern pharmacology of Toxicodendron plants are summarized to help future researchers to find new drug leads or to get a better understanding of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhao C, Li M, Yang Y, Qin M, Wang R, Zhu Q, Chen G, Wang A. A new flavonoid glycoside from Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3478-3483. [PMID: 35687836 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2086546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley, also called 'Qishu', is a shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family and producing lacquer. In this work, a new flavonoid glycoside (1), was isolated from the heartwood of T. vernicifluum, together with four known compounds (2-5). The structure of the new compound was determined as 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-flavonoid (1), on the basis of acidic hydrolysis, and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed significantly cytotoxic against A549 cell lines with the values of IC50 at 1.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meichen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruojia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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3
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Gilani S, Bin-Jumah MN, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ahmed MM, Ghoneim MM, Afzal M, Alzarea SI, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Protective Effect of Fustin Against Ethanol-Activated Gastric Ulcer via Downregulation of Biochemical Parameters in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23245-23254. [PMID: 35847266 PMCID: PMC9280775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fustin plant-derived bioflavonoid obtained from a common plant known as lacquer tree from family Anacardiaceae, formally known as Rhus verniciflua Stokes, is known to exert a variety of therapeutic properties. The current investigation proved the anti-ulcerative property of fustin on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in an experimental animal model. The fustin 50 and 100 mg/kg was studied in an experimental rat model by performing an 8 day protocol. The ulcer index, pH, total acidic content, and biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β, prostaglandin E-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide (NO) in serum were measured. The gastric parameter such as ulcer index, pH, and acidic content was maintained in the fustin groups compared to the ethanol control group. Clinical presentation of gastric ulcers includes a significant increase in serum levels, GSH, SOD, and CAT and decreased MDA, TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E-2 parameters in contrast to normal groups. The treatment regimen with fustin has significantly restored all serum parameters in test groups. The current study helps to develop reasonable phytochemical options for the innervations of chemical-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
Jamal Gilani
- Department
of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology
Department, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment
and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School
of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Molecular networking-guided strategy for the pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines: Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112895. [PMID: 35364379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the bioactive components in the leaf extract of the medicinal herb, Cudrania tricuspidate, were investigated using an MS/MS-based molecular networking system. To identify the major active components of the C. tricuspidate leaf extract (CLE), HPLC-DAD analysis was conducted with a standard mixture of six flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol). The unknown peaks were determined via molecular networking analysis using the mass dataset obtained by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). For the subsequent pharmacokinetic study, CLE (1 g/kg) was orally administered to rats, and plasma samples were collected. The product ion mass data of plasma samples using LC-QTOF/MS were obtained and subjected to molecular networking analysis. The resulting molecular networking map indicated that the glucuronide metabolites of quercetin and kaempferol were the major circulating species. Accordingly, quercetin and kaempferol were determined following β-glucuronidase treatment, and their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. These findings indicate that the proposed molecular network-based approaches are potential and efficient methods for the pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines.
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Mukherjee AK, Chattopadhyay DJ. Potential clinical applications of phytopharmaceuticals for the in-patient management of coagulopathies in COVID-19. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1884-1913. [PMID: 35147268 PMCID: PMC9111032 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic complications occur in many cardiovascular pathologies and have been demonstrated in COVID‐19. The currently used antithrombotic drugs are not free of adverse reactions, and COVID‐19 patients in particular, when treated with a therapeutic dose of an anticoagulant do not receive mortality benefits. The clinical management of COVID‐19 is one of the most difficult tasks for clinicians, and the search for safe, potent, and effective antithrombotic drugs may benefit from exploring naturally bioactive molecules from plant sources. This review describes recent advances in understanding the antithrombotic potential of herbal drug prototypes and points to their future clinical use as potent antithrombotic drugs. Although natural products are perceived to be safe, their clinical and therapeutic applications are not always apparent or accepted. More in‐depth studies are necessary to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of plant‐derived, bioactive compounds. In addition, holistic approaches in systematic investigations and the identification of antithrombotic mechanisms of the herbal bioactive molecule(s) need to be conducted in pre‐clinical studies. Moreover, rigorous studies are needed to compare the potency of herbal drugs to that of competitor chemical antithrombotic drugs, and to examine their interactions with Western antithrombotic medicines. We have also proposed a road map to improve the commercialization of phytopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Mukherjee
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
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Antal DS, Ardelean F, Jijie R, Pinzaru I, Soica C, Dehelean C. Integrating Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cotinus coggygria and Toxicodendron vernicifluum: What Predictions can be Made for the European Smoketree? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662852. [PMID: 33953688 PMCID: PMC8092975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The smoketree (Cotinus coggygria) is a historically known medicinal plant from Southeast Europe. Its ethnomedicinal use in skin and mucosal lesions is commonly accepted across countries. Other utilizations reported locally include fever reduction, cardiac diseases, hypertension, urinary diseases, cough, asthma, hemorrhoids, diabetes, numbness of arm, liver disease, and cancer. Departing from the smoketree's traditional uses, this review summarizes investigations on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the plant. In vitro and in vivo experiments supporting wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects are presented. Metabolites from smoketree that are responsible for the main pharmacological effects of smoketree are pointed out. Furthermore, the review performs a comparison between C. coggygria and the lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum). The latter is a comprehensively studied species used in Asian phytotherapy, with whom the European smoketree shares a consistent pool of secondary metabolites. The comparative approach aims to open new perspectives in the research of smoketree and anticipates an optimized use of C. coggygria in therapy. It also points out the relevance of a chemosystematic approach in the field of medicinal plants research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Simona Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Ardelean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Jijie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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7
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Li MC, Zhang YQ, Meng CW, Gao JG, Xie CJ, Liu JY, Xu YN. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113476. [PMID: 33075438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn. Rhus verniciflua or vernicifera Stokes, Anacardiaceae) (RVS), the lacquer tree, also known as sumac, has been used in China, Japan and South Korea for thousands of years as a highly durable coating material and a traditional herbal medicine, which contains medicinal ingredients with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-rheumatic activities. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review intends to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of RVS, including its phytochemical data, botanical and pharmacological literature that support its therapeutic potential in treatment on human diseases, with emphasis on the isolation of natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific information of RVS was collected by using the key words "Toxicodendron vernicifluum", "Rhus verniciflua Stokes", "Rhus vernicifera Stokes" and "Lacquer tree" through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources. RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 175 of which are presented in this review, including flavonoids, urushiols, terpenes, phenolic acids and other types of compounds, of which flavonoids and urushiols are main components. The extracts and isolates purified from RVS showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and so on. CONCLUSION The modern pharmacological research of RVS mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of crude extract or active constituents, of which the flavonoids are widely studied. However, there are few reports on the relationship between pharmacological effects and their structures. And at present, there is still a lack of researches that are of both effective and in-depth. Meanwhile, there is little research on quality control. Apart from the wood and lacquer, other botanical parts also need to be explored further. In addition to phenolic compounds, the study on other types of components in T. vernicifluum would start more sparks for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai-Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin-Gou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao-Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Liang C, Yin J, Ma Y, Zhang X, Gao J, Zhang L. A Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Two Pairs of Isomeric Flavonoids from Commelina Communis Linn in Rat Plasma: Validation and Pharmacokinetic Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190523114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Commelina communis Linn (Commelinae Herba) is a traditional Chinese medicine
that can be used both as food and as medicine. It has been used to treat a variety of disorders, including
a cold, high fever, sore throat, edema and oliguria for many years. Two pairs of isomeric flavonoid
glycosides are the main active components in Commelina communis Linn, and they have a high
content.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamic and pharmacological
effects of Commelina communis Linn.
Method:
A sensitive, efficient, and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously identify
two pairs of isomeric flavonoid glycosides in rats. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a
Wonda Cract ODS-2 C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase composed of 0.1%
formic acid (aqueous solution) and methanol at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection of the four
analytes and the internal standard (IS) sulfamethoxazole was performed with multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM) in negative electrospray ionization mode. All the analytes were eluted within 20 min.
Results:
This method was successfully applied for simultaneous identification of the concentrations of
the four compounds in the plasma after the oral administration of 10 mL/kg Commelina communis Linn
extract to rats. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that analytes reached their Cmax in approximately 15
min and could be detected until 12 h.
Conclusion:
The method complies with the State Food and Drug Administration guidelines for selectivity,
sensitivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability. This is the first report
on the pharmacokinetics of Commelina communis Linn. The information gained from this research
may be valuable for the preclinical and clinical applications of Commelina communis Linn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Yinling Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050051, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
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Lee JW, Choi HJ, Kim EJ, Hwang WY, Jung MH, Kim KS. Fisetin induces apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas through multiple pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7993. [PMID: 32409692 PMCID: PMC7224361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine tumors in women, there is no effective therapy that can also preserve the uterus and maintain fertility. The work aimed to work was to discover a potential natural agent that has pharmacological activities on uterine leiomyomas with fewer adverse effects. We chose Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) as a candidate after primary cytotoxicity testing, and analyzed the RVS components that showed pharmacological activity. Leiomyoma cells and myometrium cells were cultured from uterine tissues obtained from patients, and were treated with RVS at varying concentrations. RVS was cytotoxic in both leiomyoma and myometrium cells; however, the effects were more prominent in the leiomyoma cells. Among the bioactive components of RVS, fisetin showed significant pharmacological effects on leiomyoma cells. Fisetin showed excellent leiomyoma cell cytotoxicity and induced apoptotic cell death with cell cycle arrest. The apoptotic cell death appeared to involve not one specific pathway but multichannel pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, MARK, and p53-mediated pathways), and autophagy. The multichannel apoptosis pathways were activated with a low concentration of fisetin (IC50). This is the first demonstration to show the pharmacological activities of fisetin on leiomyoma cells. These findings suggest that fisetin may be used for the prevention and treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Since fisetin can be obtained from plants, it may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jai Choi
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Woo Yeon Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Min-Hyung Jung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Kim DW, Kim GY, Kim JK, Gebru YA, Choi HS, Kim YH, Kim MK. Changes of Phytochemical Components (Urushiols, Polyphenols, Gallotannins) and Antioxidant Capacity during Fomitella fraxinea⁻Mediated Fermentation of Toxicodendron vernicifluum Bark. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040683. [PMID: 30769845 PMCID: PMC6412378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem bark of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (TVSB) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine and food ingredients in Korea. However, its application has been restricted due to its potential to cause allergies. Moreover, there is limited data available on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of its phytochemicals during fermentation. Although the Formitella fraxinea-mediated fermentation method has been reported as an effective detoxification tool, changes to its bioactive components and the antioxidant activity that takes place during its fermentation process have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of urushiols, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties during the fermentation of TVSB by mushroom F. fraxinea. The contents of urushiols, total polyphenols, and individual flavonoids (fisetin, fustin, sulfuretin, and butein) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) significantly decreased during the first 10 days of fermentation, with only a slight decrease thereafter until 22 days. Free radical scavenging activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) as an antioxidant function also decreased significantly during the first six to nine days of fermentation followed by a gentle decrease up until 22 days. These findings can be helpful in optimizing the F. fraxinea⁻mediated fermentation process of TVSB and developing functional foods with reduced allergy using fermented TVSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ham Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Dae-Woon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Gi-Yoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Yoseph Asmelash Gebru
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Han-Seok Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Processing, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Young-Hoi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Myung-Kon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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11
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Kim BG, Song Y, Lee MG, Ku JM, Jin SJ, Hong JW, Lee S, Kang H. Macrophages from Mice Administered Rhus verniciflua Stokes Extract Show Selective Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121926. [PMID: 30563116 PMCID: PMC6315672 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) is used as a food additive and herbal medicine for various inflammatory disorders and cancer in Eastern Asia. RVS has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in vitro, but whether oral administration of RVS affects the inflammatory response of macrophage needs to be verified. RVS was given orally to mice for ten days. For isolation of macrophages, intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate was performed. For determination of serum inflammatory response, intraperitoneal injection of LPS was applied. RVS stimulated monocyte differentiation in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis by increasing the population of cells expressing CD11b and class A scavenger receptors. These monocyte-derived macrophages showed an increased uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. When peritoneal macrophages from the RVS group were stimulated with LPS, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the supernatant decreased, but the level of IL-12 increased. The surface expression of CD86 was reduced, but surface expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules was increased. RVS suppressed the serum levels of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6. Collectively, RVS promoted monocyte differentiation upon inflammatory insults and conferred selective anti-inflammatory activity without causing overall inhibitory effects on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Youngju Song
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Mi-Gi Lee
- Bio Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea.
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Bio Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea.
| | - So-Jung Jin
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Joung-Woo Hong
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - SeungGwan Lee
- Humanitas College, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Hee Kang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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12
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Simultaneous determination of bioactive flavonoids of Hoveniae Semen in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1104:73-80. [PMID: 30445290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A selective, sensitive and fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of dihydromyricetin, dihydroquercetin, myricetin and quercetin in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Hoveniae Semen total flavonoids. Baicalin was selected as the internal standard. Analytes were extracted from the rat plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and separated on a C18 chromatographic column (Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus, 4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) using the mobile phase containing acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid-water (B) by gradient elution at 0.5 mL/min flow rate. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to detect analytes. The analytes were measured by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the negative ionization mode. The lower limit of quantification of dihydromyricetin, dihydroquercetin, myricetin and quercetin were 0.70, 8.16, 1.62 and 0.56 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision and recovery were all satisfactory and the compounds were stable in rat plasma under all tested conditions. The approach was successfully applied to study pharmacokinetic characteristics of the four bioactive flavonoids in plasma after administering Hoveniae Semen total flavonoids intragastrically to rat. Further investigation was carried out to assess pharmacokinetic comparability of the four bioactive flavonoids after intragastric administration of Hoveniae Semen total flavonoids to mixture of flavonoids.
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13
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Yang CJ, Wang ZB, Mi YY, Gao MJ, Lv JN, Meng YH, Yang BY, Kuang HX. UHPLC-MS/MS Determination, Pharmacokinetic, and Bioavailability Study of Taxifolin in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of its Nanodispersion. Molecules 2016; 21:494. [PMID: 27089318 PMCID: PMC6273324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method based on the Triple Quad system has been developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetics of taxifolin and its nanodispersion in rat plasma. Taxifolin plasma samples along with butylparaben (internal standard) were pre-treated by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, and then separated on a SB-C18 RRHD column (150 mm × 2.1 mm × 1.8 μm) using isocratic elution with a run time of 3.0 min. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) containing 5 mM ammonium acetate at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Quantification of taxifolin was performed by the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative atmospheric ionization at m/z 303.0→285.0 for taxifolin and 193.1→92.0 for I.S., respectively. The calibration curve of taxifolin showed good linearity over a concentration range of 5.0-4280 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5.0 ng/mL. Intra-day, inter-day precision and accuracy (percent relative to standard deviation) were all within 8% at three concentration levels. A total recovery of taxifolin and I.S. was beyond 75%. The present LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of taxifolin after intravenous administration of taxifolin, oral administration of its physical mixture and nanodispersion. The absolute bioavailability of taxifolin was calculated as 0.75% for taxifolin nanodispersion and 0.49% for taxifolin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Juan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Mi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Jin-Nan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Yong-Hai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjang, China.
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