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Fujii S, Uto T, Hayashi H, Putalun W, Sakamoto S, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Application of Monoclonal Antibodies against Naturally Occurring Bioactive Ingredients. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:60. [PMID: 39189231 PMCID: PMC11348259 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are widely used in a variety of fields, including protein identification, life sciences, medicine, and natural product chemistry. This review focuses on Mabs against naturally occurring active compounds. The preparation of Mabs against various active compounds began in the 1980s, and now there are fewer than 50 types. Eastern blotting, which was developed as an antibody staining method for low-molecular-weight compounds, is useful for its ability to visually represent specific components. In this method, a mixture of lower-molecular-weight compounds, particularly glycosides, are separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The compounds are then transferred to a membrane by heating, followed by treatment with potassium periodate (KIO4) to open the sugar moiety of the glycoside on the membrane to form an aldehyde group. Proteins are then added to form Schiff base bonds to enable adsorption on the membrane. A Mab is bound to the glycoside moiety on the membrane and reacts with a secondary antibody to produce color. Double Eastern blotting, which enables the simultaneous coloration of two glycosides, can be used to evaluate quality and estimate pharmacological effects. An example of staining by Eastern blotting and a component search based on the results will also be presented. A Mab-associated affinity column is a method for isolating antigen molecules in a single step. However, the usefulness of the wash fractions that are not bound to the affinity column is unknown. Therefore, we designated the wash fraction the "knockout extract". Comparing the nitric oxide (NO) production of a glycyrrhizin (GL)-knockout extract of licorice with a licorice extract revealed that the licorice extract is stronger. Therefore, the addition of GL to the GL-knockout extract of licorice increased NO production. This indicates that GL has synergic activity with the knockout extract. The GL-knockout extract of licorice inhibited high-glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NRK-52E cells, primarily by suppressing the Notch2 pathway. The real active constituent in licorice may be constituents other than GL, which is the causative agent of pseudohyperaldosteronism. This suggests that a GL-knockout extract of licorice may be useful for the treatment of diabetic nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298, Nagasaki, Japan; (S.F.); (T.U.)
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298, Nagasaki, Japan; (S.F.); (T.U.)
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan;
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298, Nagasaki, Japan; (S.F.); (T.U.)
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Zhang Y, Li WW, Wang Y, Fan YW, Wang QY, Liu C, Jiang S, Shang EX, Duan JA. Investigation of the material basis and mechanism of Lizhong decoction in ameliorating ulcerative colitis based on spectrum-effect relationship and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117666. [PMID: 38159822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lizhong decoction (LZD), a classical herbal prescription recorded by Zhang Zhongjing in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, has been extensively used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical practice for thousands of years. However, its material basis and underlying mechanism are not yet clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the material basis and potential mechanism of LZD against UC based on the spectrum-effect relationship and network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, LZD was extracted by a systematic solvent extraction method into four parts. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technique was used to identify the compounds from different polar parts, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was used to evaluate the efficacy of each fraction. Then, the spectrum-effect analyses of compounds and efficacy indicators were established via grey relational analysis (GRA), bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). Finally, the potential mechanism of LZD for UC therapy was explored by network pharmacology, and the results were further verified by molecular docking and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS 66 chemical components of LZD were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology. The pharmacodynamic results showed that extraction parts of LZD had different therapeutic effects on UC, among which ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts had significant anti-colitis effects, which might be the main effective fractions of LZD. Furthermore, the spectrum-effect analyses indicated that 21 active ingredients such as liquiritin apioside, neolicuroside, formononetin, ginsenoside Rg1, 6-gingesulfonic acid, licoricesaponin A3, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid were the main material basis for LZD improving UC. Based on the above results, network pharmacology suggested that the amelioration of LZD on UC might be closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, molecular docking technology and RT-qPCR further verified that LZD could markedly inhibit the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, our study first identified the chemical compositions of LZD by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Furthermore, the material basis and potential mechanism of LZD in improving UC were comprehensively elucidated via spectrum-effect relationships, network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. The proposed strategy provided a systematic approach for exploring how herbal medicines worked. More importantly, it laid the solid foundation for further clinical application and rational development of LZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yu-Wen Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qu-Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Fujii S, Ohta T, Ehama R, Irikida M, Nomura S, Shoyama Y, Uto T. Development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for formononetin and its application in a cell-based assay using MC3T3-E1 cells. Food Chem 2023; 403:134339. [PMID: 36174344 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Formononetin (FMN) is a methoxy isoflavone found abundantly in leguminous plants and associated foods. Several analytical methods have been developed to detect FMN. However, they are costly, complicated, and time-consuming. This study describes an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) to determine FMN content in food samples using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against FMN produced by a newly established hybridoma cell line. Validation studies were conducted, and this assay was found to be sufficiently reliable, with an analytical measurement range of 19.53-1250 ng/mL and a detection limit of 17.42 ng/mL. Furthermore, icELISA was successfully applied for a cell-based assay in which the amount of FMN and ononin uptake was quantified in MC3T3-E1 cells. Hence, icELISA is a simple and reliable method for the detection and quantification of FMN, as well as elucidation of its functions and underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
| | - Riho Ehama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
| | - Mizuki Irikida
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan.
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A novel electrochemical sensor based on N, S co-doped liquorice carbon/functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites for simultaneous detection of licochalcone A and liquiritin. Talanta 2023; 252:123869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fujii S, Shoyama Y, Nomura S, Uto T. Development of Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunostaining Assay to Determine Glycyrrhizin Content Using Anti-glycyrrhizin Monoclonal Antibody. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:694-698. [PMID: 36184451 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza spp., is used in a large number of herbal medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicines, Japanese Kampo medicines, and therapeutic drugs. Since glycyrrhizin (GL) is among the main components in licorice and exhibits numerous beneficial pharmacological activities, the content of GL directly affects biological activity. The quality control based on GL content is an important factor in ensuring biological activity; however, the content of GL in licorice varies depending on plant cultivation environment, genetic factors, and species type. Previously, we prepared an anti-GL monoclonal antibody (anti-GL mAb) and employed it in various immunochemical assays for quality control of licorice and licorice-based products. In this study, we employed the anti-GL mAb in chemiluminescence enzyme immunostaining (CLEIS) to develop a very simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive quality control assay for licorice products, with a limit of detection of 3.9 ng. Furthermore, the CLEIS assay enabled semiquantitative analysis of GL in Kampo medicines. Our results showed that multiple samples can be simultaneously analyzed using CLEIS, and it is a useful tool for determining GL content, as well as ensuring chemical quality control of licorice-containing products and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Immunological Separation of Bioactive Natural Compounds from Crude Drug Extract and Its Application for Cell-Based Studies. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040048. [PMID: 34940000 PMCID: PMC8698370 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a review on a useful approach, namely, immunoaffinity column coupled with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), to separate natural compounds and its application for cell-based studies. The immunoaffinity column aids in separating the specific target compound from the crude extract. The column capacity was stable even after more than 10 purification cycles of use under the same conditions. After applying the crude extract to the column, the column was washed with washing buffer and eluted with elution buffer. The elution fraction contained the target compound bound to MAb, whereas the washing fraction was the crude extract, which contained all compounds except a group of target compounds; therefore, the washing fraction was referred to as a knockout (KO) crude extract. Cell-based studies using the KO extract revealed the actual effects of the natural compounds in the crude extract. One-step separation of natural compounds using the immunoaffinity column coupled with MAbs may help in determining the potential functions of natural compounds in crude extracts.
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Shoyama Y. Studies on Natural Products Using Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:43. [PMID: 34842627 PMCID: PMC8628510 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunoblotting system ("eastern blotting") was developed for small-molecule herbal medicines like glycosides, with no conjugation function to the membrane. Briefly, the crude extracts of herb medicines were developed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The small-molecule herbal medicines on TLC plates were transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyethersulfone (PES) membranes by heating. Antigen components were divided into two categories based on their function, i.e., their membrane recognizing (aglycone part) and fixing (sugar moiety) abilities. This procedure allows for the staining of only target glycosides. Double eastern blotting was developed as a further staining system for two herb medicines using a set of MAbs and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Jiang J, Xiao S, Yan S, Xiao J, Xu X. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Processed by Sulfur Fumigation Damaged the Chemical Profile Accompanied by Immunosuppression and Liver Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5439853. [PMID: 32090097 PMCID: PMC7026913 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5439853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRER) has been used as a medicinal plant and dietary supplements for its beneficial effect in immunomodulatory effects. Sulfur fumigation (SF) processing was widely used in the storage and maintenance of Chinese medicine because of its convenience and cheapness. However, the disadvantage of SF has been reported, but the systematic study of SF on GRER was deficient. In this paper, the active ingredients, sulfur-fumigated products, immunomodulatory effect, and liver injury of SF-GRER were studied. After SF, the liquiritin decreased from 4.49 ± 0.03 mg/g to 3.94 ± 0.08 mg/g (P < 0.01). Compared with the NSF-GRER group, the SF-GRER group showed a decreased immunoregulation in the thymus index, spleen index, and serum IL-6 and SOD levels (P < 0.05). After 2 weeks of continuous intragastric administration of SF-GRER in healthy mice, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the area of liver lesion significantly increased compared with the NSF-GRER (P < 0.05) group. The sulfonated products (m/z, 631.13) corresponding to liquiritin apioside (m/z, 551.17) and isoliquiritin apioside (m/z, 551.17) were screened out in SF-GRER by using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. The sulfonated products provided in this paper were discovered for the first time and could be powerfully applied for the identification of SF-GRER. SF destroyed the chemical composition of GRER, inhibited immunoregulation, and induced liver injury. The feasibility of this processing method needs to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shichang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Yan
- ADR Monitoring Center, Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, 62 Nanxu Road, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang L, Gao Y, Liu X, Guo F, Ma C, Liang J, Feng X, Li C. Mining of Sucrose Synthases from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Their Application in the Construction of an Efficient UDP-Recycling System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11694-11702. [PMID: 31558015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism in plants. The SUS genes in licorice remain unknown. To reveal the sucrose metabolic pathway in licorice, all the 12 putative SUS genes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were systematically identified by genome mining, and two novel SUSs (GuSUS1 and GuSUS2) were isolated and characterized for the first time. Furthermore, we found that the flexible N-terminus was responsible for the low stability of plant SUSs, and deletion of redundant N-terminus improved the stability of GuSUS1 and GuSUS2. The half-life of both GuSUS1 and GuSUS2 mutants was increased by 2-fold. Finally, the GuSUS1 mutant was coupled with UGT73C11 for the glycosylation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) with uridine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt hydrate (UDP) in situ recycling, and GA conversion was increased by 7-fold. Our study not only identified the SUS genes in licorice but also provided a stable SUS mutant for the construction of an efficient UDP-recycling system for GA glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Fang Guo
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Congxuan Ma
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin Induce Melanogenesis via Enhancement of p38 and PKA Signaling Pathways. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020068. [PMID: 31234488 PMCID: PMC6631415 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Liquiritin (LQ) and its aglycone, liquiritigenin (LQG), are major flavonoids in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza spp.). Our preliminary screening identified LQ and LQG, which promote melanin synthesis in the melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of melanin synthesis activated by LQ and LQG. Methods: Murine (B16-F1) and human (HMVII) melanoma cell lines were treated with LQ or LQG. After incubation, melanin contents, intracellular tyrosinase activity, and cell viability were evaluated. Protein levels were determined using Western blotting. Results: LQ and LQG activated melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. The induction of melanin and intracellular tyrosinase activity by LQG was higher than that by LQ. LQ and LQG induced the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. LQ and LQG also enhanced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not Akt, was significantly increased by LQ or LQG. Furthermore, LQ- or LQG-mediated melanin synthesis was partially blocked by p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H-89); however, ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor (U0126) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) had no effect. Conclusions: The results suggest that LQ and LQG enhance melanin synthesis by upregulating the expression of melanogenic enzymes, which were activated by p38 and PKA signaling pathways, leading to MITF expression and CREB phosphorylation.
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An experimental in-vitro study to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity of Glycyrrhetinic acid. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro efficacy of Glycyrrhetinic acid against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains, as compared with conventional antibacterial agents.
Methods: A total of 41 H. pylori isolates were used, 6 of which were of standard strains (NCTC 1637), 8 of which were drug-sensitive, and 27 were resistant to drugs isolates. Clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance in all strains of H. pylori were determined by the Epsilometer test (E-test) method. MIC study was performed by using microdilution broth method.
Results: Glycyrrhetinic acid was found to be effective against H. pylori NCTC 1637 in doses of 12.0±4.38 µg/mL, while the MIC value of clinical H. pylori isolates susceptible to antimicrobials was 20.8±10.11 µg/ml. It was found that the MIC values for antimicrobial-sensitive clinical H. pylori isolates was higher when compared with H. pylori NCTC 1637 strains. The MIC values of the standard antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant H. pylori strains were higher than H. pylori NCTC 1637 strains and drug-sensitive H. pylori strains. The MIC value was found to be 14.22±7.77 µg/ml for metronidazole, 3.89±1.90 µg/ml for clarithromycin, 2.33±1.0 µg/ml for amoxicillin, 2.44±0.88 µg/ml for levofloxacin and 4.89±2.47 µg/ml for tetracycline, whereas the MIC value of Glycyrrhetinic acid was 26.67±8.0 µg/ml in metronidazole-resistant H. pylori isolates. Besides, MIC values of the antimicrobials and 18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid among the strains resistant to clarithromycin were as follows: 3.25±2.12 µg/ml for metronidazole, 9.71±4.54 µg/ml for clarithromycin, 2.06±1.32 µg/ml for amoxicillin, 3.88±4.22 µg/ml for levofloaxacin and 3.25±1.04 µg/mL for tetracycline and 22.0±11.11 µg/ml for Glycyrrhetinic acid.
Conclusion: Glycyrrhetinic acid had significant antimicrobial activity against H. pylori strains. Although further in-vivo studies are needed on antimicrobial activity of Glycyrrhetinic acid, increased resistance to drugs currently used in treatment suggests that Glycyrrhetinic acid may be a potential agent for the treatment of H. pylori.
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Morinaga O. Scientific Evaluation of Crude Drugs and Kampo Medicines Using the Eastern Blotting Method and Its Application to Biological Metabolic Studies. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:743-750. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Cui Q, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y, Ye HT, Li F, Tian EW, Wu YS, Chao Z. Development of a Competitive Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Paclitaxel. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:284-289. [PMID: 29266486 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paclitaxel (Tax) is a diterpene alkaloid isolated from Taxus species and has proved clinically effective in treating a number of malignancies. Current quantitative analytical methods for Tax such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) often involve complicated sample preparation procedures with low recovery rates. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for measuring Tax in Taxus materials with convenient sample preparation and a high recovery rate. METHODS Rabbit anti-mouse IgG was coated onto a 96-well microplate, which was then incubated with standard solutions of Tax and anti-Tax monoclonal antibody 3A3. A Eu3+ -labelled conjugate of Tax and human serum albumin was used as the tracer. The luminescent system was enhanced with a solution containing 2-naphthoyltrifluoroacetone. RESULTS The established TRFIA showed a linear response within the Tax concentration range of 3.2 to 80 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 1.4 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation of the assay was 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively, with an average recovery rate from spiked samples of 108.5%. Tax contents in Taxus samples were determined using both the established TRFIA system and a previously established enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), and the results of two assays were well correlated. CONCLUSION This TRFIA system shows a high sensitivity, precision and accuracy for detection of Tax. This assay, which is convenient and less time-consuming, allows rapid analysis of Tax and provides another option for Tax measurement for quality control of Taxus materials and products. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Hao-Ting Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En-Wei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Song Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fujii S, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Preparation of Anti-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoclonal Antibody for Application in an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1370598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
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15
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Yan X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Qu H. Monoclonal Antibodies and Immunoassay for Medical Plant-Derived Natural Products: A Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E355. [PMID: 28245640 PMCID: PMC6155174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the widespread application value, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have become a tool of increasing importance in modern bioscience research since their emergence. Recently, some researchers have focused on the production of MAbs against medical plant-derived natural products (MPNP), the secondary metabolites of medical plants. At the same time, various immunoassay methods were established on the basis of these MPNP MAbs, and then rapidly developed into a novel technique for medical plant and phytomedicine research in the area of quality control, pharmacological analysis, drug discovery, and so on. Dependent on the research works carried out in recent years, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of MAbs against MPNP and the application of various immunoassay methods established on the basis of these MAbs, and conclude with a short section on future prospects and research trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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16
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Zhou YZ, Zhao FF, Gao L, Du GH, Zhang X, Qin XM. Licorice extract attenuates brain aging of d-galactose induced rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and attenuation of neuronal apoptosis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential protective mechanism of licorice for d-galactose induced aging in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Fan-Fan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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17
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and liquiritin in licorice roots and Kampo medicines by combination enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-glycyrrhizin and anti-liquiritin monoclonal antibodies. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:285-298. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1260586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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