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Wang C, Liu XL, Sun Q, Zhao FY, Dai PQ, Li LX, Hu DG. Apple consumption affects cecal health by regulating 12 S-hydroxy-5 Z,8 Z,10 E,14 Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12( S)-HETE) levels through modifying the microbiota in rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:9419-9433. [PMID: 37795613 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Apples are rich in many nutrients and functional components. However, the mechanism of the effect of fresh apple consumption on rats remains unclear. In the present study, fresh apples (10 g kg-1) were added to the diet of Wistar rats, and changes in the microbiota and metabolite content of the cecum were analyzed after 28 days of feeding, and changes in the 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) content and indicators related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were detected. Subsequently, a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol was designed and carried out to verify the relationship between the microbiota and 12(S)-HETE, the cecal structure, and inflammatory factors. The results show that apple consumption significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), altered the cecal histomorphology, and significantly upregulated the gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which encode tight junction proteins. Apple consumption also changed the structure of the cecal microbiota, increasing the abundance of some species (such as Shuttleworthia) and decreasing the abundance of others (such as Alphaproteobacteria). Metabolomic screening identified 64 significantly different metabolites. The FMT results showed that apple consumption reduced 12(S)-HETE metabolite levels in the cecal contents, improved the intestinal structure, and reduced the levels of proinflammatory factor expression by altering the cecal microbiota. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the effects of apples on animals using rats as experimental animals. It provides basic data for future exploration of the mechanisms of the effect of apple consumption on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, P.R. China.
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Quan Sun
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | | | - Pei-Qiang Dai
- Shandong Delta Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R., China
| | - Ling-Xing Li
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, P.R. China.
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
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Lee EJ, Kim SH, Park SH. Effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on the inactivation and sublethal injury of foodborne pathogens and quality of apple puree at different pH. Food Microbiol 2023; 114:104302. [PMID: 37290878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the survival of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-treated Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in apple puree, as well as to determine the levels of HHP-induced cell injury according to the pressure level, holding time, and pH of apple puree. Apple puree was inoculated with three foodborne pathogens and treated at pressures of 300-600 MPa for up to 7 min at 22 °C using HHP equipment. Increasing the pressure level and lowering the pH of apple puree led to larger microbial reductions, and E. coli O157:H7 showed higher resistance compared to S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes. Besides, approximately 5-log injured cells of E. coli O157:H7 were induced in apple puree at pH 3.5 and 3.8. HHP treatment at 500 MPa for 2 min effectively achieved complete inactivation of the three pathogens in apple puree at pH 3.5. For apple puree at pH 3.8, more than 2 min treatment of HHP at 600 MPa is seemingly needed to achieve complete inactivation of the three pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was conducted to identify ultrastructural changes in the injured or dead cells after HHP treatment. Plasmolysis and uneven cavities in the cytoplasm were observed in injured cells, and additional deformations, such as distorted and rough cell envelopes, and cell disruption occurred in dead cells. No changes in solid soluble content (SSC) and color of apple puree were observed after HHP treatment, and no differences were detected between control and HHP-treated samples during 10 d of storage at 5 °C. The results of this study could be useful in determining the acidity of apple purees or the treatment time at specific acidity levels when applying the HHP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam, 32439, Republic of Korea.
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Predicting the dietary fiber content of fresh-cut bamboo shoots using a visible and near-infrared hyperspectral technique. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Keuleyan E, Gélébart P, Beaumal V, Kermarrec A, Ribourg-Birault L, Le Gall S, Meynier A, Riaublanc A, Berton-Carabin C. Pea and lupin protein ingredients: New insights into endogenous lipids and the key effect of high-pressure homogenization on their aqueous suspensions. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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Apple mutant trees with low chilling requirements: Proximal, genetic and DNA methylation analyses. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lahaye M, Tabi W, Le Bot L, Delaire M, Orsel M, Campoy JA, Quero Garcia J, Le Gall S. Comparison of cell wall chemical evolution during the development of fruits of two contrasting quality from two members of the Rosaceae family: Apple and sweet cherry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:93-104. [PMID: 34627026 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall composition was studied during the development of apple cultivars (14-161/182 days after full bloom, DAA) maintaining firm fruit (Ariane) or evolving to mealy texture (Rome Beauty) when ripe and in sweet cherry cultivars (21/26-70/75 DAA) to assess their skin-cracking susceptibility (tolerant Regina and susceptible Garnet). Pectin sugar composition and hemicellulose fine structure assessed by enzymatic degradation coupled to MALDI-TOF MS analysis were shown to vary markedly between apples and cherries during fruit development. Apple showed decreasing rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) and increasing homogalacturonan (HG) pectic domain proportions from young to mature fruit. Hemicellulose-cellulose (HC) sugars peaked at the beginning of fruit expansion corresponding to the maximum cell wall content of glucose and mannose. In contrast, HG peaked very early in the cell wall of young developing cherries and remained constant until ripening whereas RGI content continuously increased. HC content decreased very early and remained low in cell walls. Only the low content of mannose and to a lesser extent fucose increased and then slowly decreased from the beginning of the fruit expansion phase. Hemicellulose structural profiling showed strong varietal differences between cherry cultivars. Both apples and cherries demonstrated a peak of glucomannan oligomers produced by β-glucanase hydrolysis of the cell wall at the onset of cell expansion. The different glucomannan contents and related oligomers released from cell walls are discussed with regard to the contribution of glucomannan to cell wall mechanical properties. These hemicellulose features may prove to be early markers of apple mealiness and cherry skin-cracking susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafae Tabi
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44300, Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Lucie Le Bot
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44300, Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Mickael Delaire
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Orsel
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - José Antonio Campoy
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50289, Cologne, Germany
| | - José Quero Garcia
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44300, Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316, Nantes, France
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Penicillium expansum Impact and Patulin Accumulation on Conventional and Traditional Apple Cultivars. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100703. [PMID: 34678996 PMCID: PMC8541162 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen among the most ubiquitous fungi disseminated worldwide. It causes blue mould rot in apples during storage, transport and sale, threatening human health by secreting patulin, a toxic secondary metabolite that contaminates apples and apple-derived products. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of sufficient data regarding the resistance of different apple cultivars to P. expansum, especially ancient ones, which showed to possess certain resistance to plant diseases. In this work, we investigated the polyphenol profile of 12 traditional and 8 conventional apple cultivar and their resistance to P. expansum CBS 325.48. Eight polyphenolic compounds were detected; the most prominent were catechin, epicatechin and gallic acid. The highest content of catechin was detected in ‘Apistar’—91.26 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW), epicatechin in ‘Bobovac’—67.00 mg/100 g of FW, and gallic acid in ‘Bobovac’ and ‘Kraljevčica’—8.35 and 7.40 mg/100 g of FW, respectively. The highest content of patulin was detected in ‘Kraljevčica’ followed by ‘Apistar’—1687 and 1435 µg/kg, respectively. In apple cultivars ‘Brčko’, ‘Adamčica’ and ‘Idared’, patulin was not detected. Furthermore, the patulin content was positively correlated with gallic acid (r = 0.4226; p = 0.002), catechin (r = 0.3717; p = 0.008) and epicatechin (r = 0.3305; p = 0.019). This fact indicates that higher contents of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin negatively affected and boost patulin concentration in examined apple cultivars. This can be related to the prooxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds and sensitivity of P. expansum to the disturbance of oxidative status.
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Xu L, Wang Y, Ji Y, Li P, Cao W, Wu S, Kennelly E, Long C. Nutraceutical Study on Maianthemum atropurpureum, a Wild Medicinal Food Plant in Northwest Yunnan, China. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710487. [PMID: 34393791 PMCID: PMC8363226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maianthemum atropurpureum (Franch) LaFrankie (Asparagaceae), called nibai in Tibetan or dongka in Drung or zhu-ye-cai in local Chinese, is a wild vegetable consumed by the Tibetan people and other ethnic groups in Northwest Yunnan, China. It is also a traditional medicinal plant used by different linguistic groups for antimicrobial purposes. However the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of this important medicinal food plant have not been well studied previously. In this study, the nutrient content for nibai was determined by the China National Standards (GB) methods, and the phytochemical analysis involved multiple chromatographic and spectral methods including LC-TOF-MS analysis. Dried nibai is a rich source of protein (ca. 24.6%), with 18 of the 21 common amino acids. The amino acid content of nibai can reach up to 17.9/100 g, with the essential amino acids as major contributors, corresponding to 42.3% of the total amino acids. Nibai contains rich mineral elements, dietary fiber, vitamins, β-carotene, carbohydrates, and lipids. The phytochemical content of nibai was examined by conventional isolation strategies, as well as HR-ESI-TOF-MS to detect and identify 16 compounds including nine steroid saponins and seven flavonoids. Among these compounds, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, and β-methyl-6-methyl-d-glucopyranoside were found from the genus Maianthemum for the first time. These results help to demonstrate that the local people's practice of consuming Maianthemum atropurpureum is reasonable due to its high levels of vitamins, minerals, essential amino-acids, and phytochemicals. Nibai may be further developed in Tibet and surrounding regions, and beyond as a health food, nutraceutical, and/or dietary supplement product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wujisiguleng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shibiao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edward Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Zhong L, Carere J, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhou T. Patulin in Apples and Apple-Based Food Products: The Burdens and the Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E475. [PMID: 30445713 PMCID: PMC6267208 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples and apple-based products are among the most popular foods around the world for their delightful flavors and health benefits. However, the commonly found mold, Penicillium expansum invades wounded apples, causing the blue mold decay and ensuing the production of patulin, a mycotoxin that negatively affects human health. Patulin contamination in apple products has been a worldwide problem without a satisfactory solution yet. A comprehensive understanding of the factors and challenges associated with patulin accumulation in apples is essential for finding such a solution. This review will discuss the effects of the pathogenicity of Penicillium species, quality traits of apple cultivars, and environmental conditions on the severity of apple blue mold and patulin contamination. Moreover, beyond the complicated interactions of the three aforementioned factors, patulin control is also challenged by the lack of reliable detection methods in food matrices, as well as unclear degradation mechanisms and limited knowledge about the toxicities of the metabolites resulting from the degradations. As apple-based products are mainly produced with stored apples, pre- and post-harvest strategies are equally important for patulin mitigation. Before storage, disease-resistance breeding, orchard-management, and elicitor(s) application help control the patulin level by improving the storage qualities of apples and lowering fruit rot severity. From storage to processing, patulin mitigation strategies could benefit from the optimization of apple storage conditions, the elimination of rotten apples, and the safe and effective detoxification or biodegradation of patulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Jason Carere
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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