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Vos PG, Paulo MJ, Bourke PM, Maliepaard CA, van Eeuwijk FA, Visser RGF, van Eck HJ. GWAS in tetraploid potato: identification and validation of SNP markers associated with glycoalkaloid content. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:76. [PMID: 37313326 PMCID: PMC10248624 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a useful tool to unravel the genetic architecture of complex traits, but the results can be difficult to interpret. Population structure, genetic heterogeneity, and rare alleles easily result in false positive or false negative associations. This paper describes the analysis of a GWAS panel combined with three bi-parental mapping populations to validate GWAS results, using phenotypic data for steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) accumulation and the ratio (SGR) between the two major glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato tubers. SGAs are secondary metabolites in the Solanaceae family, functional as a defence against various pests and pathogens and in high quantities toxic for humans. With GWAS, we identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) of which Sga1.1, Sgr8.1, and Sga11.1 were validated, but not Sga3.1 and Sgr7.1. In the bi-parental populations, Sga5.1 and Sga7.1 were mapped, but these were not identified with GWAS. The QTLs Sga1.1, Sga7.1, Sgr7.1, and Sgr8.1 co-localize with genes GAME9, GAME 6/GAME 11, SGT1, and SGT2, respectively. For other genes involved in SGA synthesis, no QTLs were identified. The results of this study illustrate a number of pitfalls in GWAS of which population structure seems the most important. We also show that introgression breeding for disease resistance has introduced new haplotypes to the gene pool involved in higher SGA levels in certain pedigrees. Finally, we show that high SGA levels remain unpredictable in potato but that α-solanine/α-chaconine ratio has a predictable outcome with specific SGT1 and SGT2 haplotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01344-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Vos
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Centre for BioSystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Current Address: HZPC, Edisonweg 5, 8501 XG Joure, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - M. João Paulo
- Present Address: Centre for BioSystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris A. Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred A. van Eeuwijk
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Centre for BioSystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman J. van Eck
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Centre for BioSystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Shen DD, Hua YP, Huang JY, Yu ST, Wu TB, Zhang Y, Chen HL, Yue CP. Multiomic Analysis Reveals Core Regulatory Mechanisms underlying Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Metabolism in Potato Tubers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:415-426. [PMID: 34951540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) present in germinated potato tubers are toxic; however, the mechanisms underlying SGA metabolism are poorly understood. Therefore, integrated transcriptome, metabolome, and hormone analyses were performed in this study to identify and characterize the key regulatory genes, metabolites, and phytohormones related to glycoalkaloid regulation. Based on transcriptome sequencing of bud eyes of germinated and dormant potato tubers, a total of 6260 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly responsible for phytohormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Two TCP14 genes were identified as the core transcription factors that potentially regulate SGA synthesis. Metabolite analysis indicated that 149 significantly different metabolites were detected, and they were enriched in metabolic and biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. In these pathways, the α-solanine content was increased and the expression of genes related to glycoalkaloid biosynthesis was upregulated. Levels of gibberellin and jasmonic acid were increased, whereas that of abscisic acid was decreased. This study lays a foundation for investigating the biosynthesis and regulation of SGAs and provides the reference for the production and consumption of potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-Yong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yu
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tai-Bo Wu
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yannning Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huan-Li Chen
- Zhengzhou Vegetable Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cai-Peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Pacifico D, Lanzanova C, Pagnotta E, Bassolino L, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Matteo R, Lo Scalzo R, Balconi C. Sustainable Use of Bioactive Compounds from Solanum Tuberosum and Brassicaceae Wastes and by-Products for Crop Protection-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2174. [PMID: 33918886 PMCID: PMC8070479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed meals of oleaginous Brassicaceae, such as Eruca sativa, and potato peel are excellent plant matrices to recover potentially useful biomolecules from industrial processes in a circular strategy perspective aiming at crop protection. These biomolecules, mainly glycoalkaloids and phenols for potato and glucosinolates for Brassicaceae, have been proven to be effective against microbes, fungi, nematodes, insects, and even parasitic plants. Their role in plant protection is overviewed, together with the molecular basis of their synthesis in plant, and the description of their mechanisms of action. Possible genetic and biotechnological strategies are presented to increase their content in plants. Genetic mapping and identification of closely linked molecular markers are useful to identify the loci/genes responsible for their accumulation and transfer them to elite cultivars in breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches can be used to modify their allelic sequence and enhance the accumulation of the bioactive compounds. How the global challenges, such as reducing agri-food waste and increasing sustainability and food safety, could be addressed through bioprotector applications are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Laura Bassolino
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
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Massana-Codina J, Schnee S, Allard PM, Rutz A, Boccard J, Michellod E, Cléroux M, Schürch S, Gindro K, Wolfender JL. Insights on the Structural and Metabolic Resistance of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars to Tuber Black Dot ( Colletotrichum coccodes). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1287. [PMID: 32973846 PMCID: PMC7468465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Black dot is a blemish disease of potato tubers caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum coccodes. Qualitative resistance (monogenic) that leads to the hypersensitive response has not been reported against black dot, but commercial potato cultivars show different susceptibility levels to the disease, indicating that quantitative resistance (polygenic) mechanisms against this pathogen exist. Cytological studies are essential to decipher pathogen colonization of the plant tissue, and untargeted metabolomics has been shown effective in highlighting resistance-related metabolites in quantitative resistance. In this study, we used five commercial potato cultivars with different susceptibility levels to black dot, and studied the structural and biochemical aspects that correlate with resistance to black dot using cytological and untargeted metabolomics methods. The cytological approach using semithin sections of potato tuber periderm revealed that C. coccodes colonizes the tuber periderm, but does not penetrate in cortical cells. Furthermore, skin thickness did not correlate with disease susceptibility, indicating that other factors influence quantitative resistance to black dot. Furthermore, suberin amounts did not correlate with black dot severity, and suberin composition was similar between the five potato cultivars studied. On the other hand, the untargeted metabolomics approach allowed highlighting biomarkers of infection, as well as constitutive and induced resistance-related metabolites. Hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid amides and steroidal saponins were found to be biomarkers of resistance under control conditions, while hydroxycoumarins were found to be specifically induced in the resistant cultivars. Notably, some of these biomarkers showed antifungal activity in vitro against C. coccodes. Altogether, our results show that quantitative resistance of potatoes to black dot involves structural and biochemical mechanisms, including the production of specialized metabolites with antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Massana-Codina
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Schnee
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Rutz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Michellod
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Marilyn Cléroux
- Changins College for Viticulture and Enology, University Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Katia Gindro
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kaiser N, Douches D, Dhingra A, Glenn KC, Herzig PR, Stowe EC, Swarup S. The role of conventional plant breeding in ensuring safe levels of naturally occurring toxins in food crops. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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El-Shehawi AM, Elseehy MM. Gene Expression Profiling during Life Cycle of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tubers by Microarray. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s009545271901002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bagheri M, Bushehri AAS, Hassandokht MR, Naghavi MR. Evaluation of Solasonine Content and Expression Patterns
of SGT1 Gene in Different Tissues of Two Iranian Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:236-242. [PMID: 28867954 PMCID: PMC5569347 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.02.17.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. The eggplant glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxic secondary metabolites that may have detrimental effects on human health, particularly if the magnitudes of GAs are higher than the recommended food safety level (200 mg per kg of fresh mass). In this study, the content of solasonine compound and the expression patterns of solasodine galactosyltransferase (SGT1) gene were assessed in different tissues (mature leaves, flower buds, young, mature, and physiologically ripe fruits) of two Iranian eggplant genotypes (D1 and J10) under field conditions. The maximum mass fraction of solasonine in D1 was detected in flower buds (135.63 µg/g), followed by leaf (113.29 µg/g), physiologically ripe fruit (74.74 µg/g), young fruit (61.33 µg/g), and mature fruit (21.55 µg/g). Comparing both genotypes, the genotype of bitter fruits (J10) contained higher mass fraction of solasonine, as one of the main factors for producing bitter flavour of the plant. Regarding the expression profiles of SGT1, in both genotypes, the activity of the gene was increased nearly parallel with the concentration of solasonine. In the J10 genotype, transcript level of the gene was significantly higher than the genotype of sweet fruits (D1). Although both D1 and J10 genotypes are possibly recommendable for human food consumption, D1 is more suitable for daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bagheri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research,
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd., IR-31585-4119 Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shahnejat Bushehri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hassandokht
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
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