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Liu Q, Niu ZP, Yang K, Song JR, Wei XN, Huang YB, Yuan CM, Li YM. Synergistic combination of isogarcinol isolated from edible fruits of Garcinia multiflora and dexamethasone to overcome leukemia glucocorticoid resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115936. [PMID: 38039755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Isogarcinol (ISO), a cytotoxic polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol isolated from the edible fruits of Garcinia multiflora. However, synergistic combination of ISO and dexamethasone (DEX) to overcome leukemia glucocorticoid resistance has never been investigated. Therefore, in this study, the effects of ISO in combination with DEX was conducted on leukemia in vivo and glucocorticoid resistance in vitro. As a result, the combination of the two compounds could efficiently inhibit leukemia progression in mice and reverse DEX resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Jurkat cells. Significantly, our findings indicated that c-Myc may be a potential target of ISO, as it is involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by the combination of ISO and DEX in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that ISO and DEX inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promotes the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which activates target genes NR3C1 and TSC22D3, leading to apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Hence, our results suggest that ISO, as a safe and effective food-derived agent, can enhance the anti-leukemia effects of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 Guizhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 Guizhou, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xue-Nai Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 Guizhou, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yu-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 Guizhou, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 Guizhou, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 Guizhou, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
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Saima, Latha S, Sharma R, Kumar A. Role of Network Pharmacology in Prediction of Mechanism of Neuroprotective Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:159-179. [PMID: 38427237 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Network pharmacology is an emerging pioneering approach in the drug discovery process, which is used to predict the therapeutic mechanism of compounds using various bioinformatic tools and databases. Emerging studies have indicated the use of network pharmacological approaches in various research fields, particularly in the identification of possible mechanisms of herbal compounds/ayurvedic formulations in the management of various diseases. These techniques could also play an important role in the prediction of the possible mechanisms of neuroprotective compounds. The first part of the chapter includes an introduction on neuroprotective compounds based on literature. Further, network pharmacological approaches are briefly discussed. The use of network pharmacology in the prediction of the neuroprotective mechanism of compounds is discussed in detail with suitable examples. Finally, the chapter concludes with the current challenges and future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - S Latha
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Centre for Precision Medicine and Pharmacy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
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Liu Y, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Chen S, Tong L, Wei Q. Glycyrol Prevents the Progression of Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation via Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Actions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17335. [PMID: 38139164 PMCID: PMC10744267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrol (GC) is one natural active product. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like Balb/c mouse models were established. The model mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclosporine A (CsA) and GC for 8 days followed by a series of biological detections. GC had little toxicity according to the levels of peripheral blood cells, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (CRE), while CsA significantly increased the levels of BUN and CRE. GC decreased the splenic index and reduced the expressions of IL-6, IL-23, and CXCL-3 in the model mice and IL-6, CXCL-1, and CXCL-2 in the inflammatory HaCaT cells. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of GC on HaCaT cells was 29.72 μmol/L, resulting in improved apoptosis, enhanced expressions of p21, BAX, and BIK, and reduced expressions of BCL-2. GC is an immunosuppressive agent against psoriasis-like symptoms by anti-inflammatory effects, which provides a strategy for the discovery of anti-psoriatic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Qun Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.C.)
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Tan JQ, Zhang L, Xu HX. Garcinia oligantha: A comprehensive overview of ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116130. [PMID: 36621661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Garcinia oligantha Merr. is an ethnomedicine plant mainly distributed in Guangdong and Hainan, China. It has the effects of heat-clearing and detoxicating, which has been used by local ethnic minorities to treat a variety of diseases, including inflammation, internal heat, toothache and scald. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes and discusses the progress of the chemical compounds and biological activities of G. oligantha that have been studied in recent years to provide the direction for the prospective research and applications of G. oligantha. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant literature about G. oligantha was accessible from ancient Chinese medical books and records, theses, as well as major scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Baidu Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS To date, more than 150 chemical compounds were isolated from this plant, including xanthones, volatile oil, fatty acid, benzofurane derivative and biphenyl compounds. Xanthones are the main bioactive compounds that exhibit diverse biological effects, such as antitumor, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, antimalarial and antibacterial effects, which are consistent with its traditional uses as a folk medicine. Modern pharmacological studies show that these compounds participate in a variety of signaling pathways underlying different pathophysiologies, making them a valuable medicinal resource. CONCLUSION G. oligantha is an ethnomedicine with a long history. However, due to regional and cultural constraints, the popularisation and use of ethnomedicine are still limited. Modern pharmacological and chemical research suggest that G. oligantha contains a variety of bioactive compounds and showed diverse biological functions, which is worthy of comprehensive and in-depth research. This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in studies on G. oligantha, looking forward to promote further research and sustainable development of folk medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wang P, Li W, Yang Y, Cheng N, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Yin Y, Tong L, Li Z, Luo J. A polypeptide inhibitor of calcineurin blocks the calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:202-210. [PMID: 34894973 PMCID: PMC8667882 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1998024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) controls the immune response by regulating nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Inhibition of CN function is an effective treatment for immune diseases. The PVIVIT peptide is an artificial peptide based on the NFAT-PxIxIT motif, which exhibits stronger binding to CN. A bioactive peptide (named pep4) that inhibits the CN/NFAT interaction was designed. Pep4 contains a segment of A238L as the linker and the LxVP motif and PVIVIT motif as CN binding sites. Pep4 has strong binding capacity to CN and inhibits CN activity competitively. 11-arginine-modified pep4 (11 R-pep4) inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFAT and reduces the expression of IL-2. 11 R-pep4 improves the pathological characteristics of asthmatic mice to a certain extent. The above results indicated that pep4 is a high-affinity CN inhibitor. These findings will contribute to the discovery of new CN inhibitors and promising immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology of Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Garcinol is a natural product from the Garcinia Indica fruit and is well-known as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent. However, the understanding of its mechanism of action is still incomplete. It has been reported to be a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor. Here, we surprisingly found that garcinol is a potent histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) inhibitor (IC50 ∼ 5 μM in vitro with the HPLC assay and IC50 ∼ 10 μM in the cellular SHMT2 fatty acylation assay), which is comparable to previously reported HDAC11 inhibitors. Additionally, among all the HDACs tested, garcinol specifically inhibits HDAC11 over other HDACs. HDAC11 is the only class IV HDAC, and there are very few inhibitors available for it. Therefore, this study provides a new HDAC11 inhibitor lead from natural products and may help explain the various biological activities of garcinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se In Son
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thanh Tu Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Huang Y, Sun L, Zhu S, Xu L, Liu S, Yuan C, Guo Y, Wang X. Neuroprotection Against Parkinson's Disease Through the Activation of Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway by Tovophyllin A. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:723. [PMID: 32742256 PMCID: PMC7364155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening neurodegenerative disease and mainly characterized by lack of sufficient dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although current treatments help to alleviate clinical symptoms, effective therapies preventing neuronal loss remain scarce. Tovophyllin A (TA), one of the xanthones extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. (GM), has recently been reported to play a beneficial role in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. In our research, we explored whether TA has protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in PD models. We found that TA significantly reduced apoptotic cell death in primary cortical neurons treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+) or paraquat (PQ) in the in vitro PD model. In an in vivo acute PD model induced by 1-methyl4-phenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment, TA also attenuated the resulting behavioral dysfunctions and dopaminergic neuron loss. In the collected brain tissues, TA increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, which may be related to TA-mediated dopaminergic neuronal protective effects. In summary, our results illustrated that TA is a powerful cytoprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-induced PD model, suggesting TA as a possible therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lirong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Mohd Sairazi NS, Sirajudeen KNS. Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:6565396. [PMID: 32148547 PMCID: PMC7042511 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6565396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, natural products, which originate from plants, animals, and fungi, together with their bioactive compounds have been intensively explored and studied for their therapeutic potentials for various diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, hypertension, reproductive, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure and function that resulted in the neuronal cell death. Since the multifactorial pathological mechanisms are associated with neurodegeneration, targeting multiple mechanisms of actions and neuroprotection approach, which involves preventing cell death and restoring the function to damaged neurons, could be promising strategies for the prevention and therapeutic of neurodegenerative diseases. Natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products and their bioactive compounds to exert a neuroprotective effect on the pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shafika Mohd Sairazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - K. N. S. Sirajudeen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Schobert R, Biersack B. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Garcinol and Isogarcinol: Recent Developments. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900366. [PMID: 31386266 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The natural polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives garcinol and isogarcinol are secondary plant metabolites isolated from various Garcinia species including Garcinia indica. This review takes stock of the recent chemical and biological research into these interesting natural compounds over the last five years. New biological sources and chemical syntheses are discussed followed by new insights into the activity of garcinol and isogarcinol against cancer, pathogenic bacteria, parasite infections and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Liu Z, Li G, Long C, Xu J, Cen J, Yang X. The antioxidant activity and genotoxicity of isogarcinol. Food Chem 2018; 253:5-12. [PMID: 29502843 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and genotoxicity of isogarcinol were assessed by several in vitro tests. Its IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS were 36.3 ± 3.35 µM and 16.6 ± 3.98 µM, respectively, which were all lower than those of VC and BHT. Isogarcinol had no cyctotoxic or promotional activities at 1-10 µM in the CCK-8 assay, and negligible genotoxic effects at 50-500 µM on HepG2 cells by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Pre-incubation of the cells with 0.5-1.5 µM isogarcinol, before exposure to H2O2, significantly increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Isogarcinol also reduced intercellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, lactate dehydrogenase release and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels. Western-blot analysis revealed that it up-regulated pro-caspase-3 and reduced cleaved caspase-3 during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. All the above results indicate that isogarcinol promises to be useful as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Long
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Juren Cen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
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Ovalle-Magallanes B, Eugenio-Pérez D, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.): A comprehensive update. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:102-122. [PMID: 28842267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". The seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. The main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated xanthones, a class of secondary metabolites with multiple reports of biological effects, such as antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic and anti-obesity. The diversity of actions displayed by mangosteen xanthones shows that these compounds target multiple signaling pathways involved in different pathologies, and place them as valuable sources for developing new drugs to treat chronic and degenerative diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive update of the toxicological findings on animal models, and the preclinical anticancer, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of G. mangostana L. extracts and its main isolates. Pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems and reports on dose-finding human trials are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Ovalle-Magallanes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dianelena Eugenio-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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12
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Xanthones from the Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050683. [PMID: 28441346 PMCID: PMC6154529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is one of the most popular tropical fruits (called the "Queen of Fruits"), and is a rich source of oxygenated and prenylated xanthone derivatives. In the present work, phytochemical investigation has resulted in one new prenylated xanthone and 13 known xanthones isolated from the pericarp of G. mangostana. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analysis, including X-ray diffraction. The new one was further tested for cytotoxic activity against seven cancer cell lines (CNE-1, CNE-2, A549, H490, PC-3, SGC-7901, U87), displaying the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅0) values 3.35, 4.01, 4.84, 7.84, 6.21, 8.09, and 6.39 μM, respectively. It is noteworthy that the new compound can promote CNE-2 cells apoptosis in late stage, having a remarkable inhibition effect on the side population growth of CNE-2 at 1.26 μM. The bioactive compound was also detected in extract from fresh mangosteen flesh, which indicated that the popular fruit could have potential cytotoxic activity for cancer cell lines.
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13
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Chen S, Han K, Li H, Cen J, Yang Y, Wu H, Wei Q. Isogarcinol Extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Lesions in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:846-857. [PMID: 28081600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isogarcinol (YDIS), a natural compound extracted from Garcinia mangostana L., has a significant immunosuppressive effect on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. This paper reports that it reduced imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. It strongly attenuated the aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Moreover, the expression of genes involving the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T-helper 17 (Th17) axis was significantly inhibited in the dorsal skin of the YDIS-treated mice, as was that of the other pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-2, and even interferon (IFN)-γ. Furthermore, YDIS prevented the abnormal distribution of T cell types and suppressed the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells in the spleens of mice exposed to imiquimod. Interestingly, it elevated numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and boosted IL-10 expression in the skin. In agreement with the above, YDIS increased serum IL-10 and reduced serum IL-17. It also caused less damage to the liver and, especially, kidneys of mice than cyclosporine A (CsA). In vitro, YDIS caused more death of HaCaT keratinocytes than CsA. It also strongly inhibited inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HaCaT cells. These findings suggest that YDIS is a promising immunosuppressive agent for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesheng Han
- Haikou Qili Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. , Haikou 570216, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Juren Cen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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