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Tundo S, Mandalà G, Sella L, Favaron F, Bedre R, Kalunke RM. Xylanase Inhibitors: Defense Players in Plant Immunity with Implications in Agro-Industrial Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314994. [PMID: 36499321 PMCID: PMC9739030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase inhibitors (XIs) are plant cell wall proteins largely distributed in monocots that inhibit the hemicellulose degrading activity of microbial xylanases. XIs have been classified into three classes with different structures and inhibition specificities, namely Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (TAXI), xylanase inhibitor proteins (XIP), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (TLXI). Their involvement in plant defense has been established by several reports. Additionally, these inhibitors have considerable economic relevance because they interfere with the activity of xylanases applied in several agro-industrial processes. Previous reviews highlighted the structural and biochemical properties of XIs and hypothesized their role in plant defense. Here, we aimed to update the information on the genomic organization of XI encoding genes, the inhibition properties of XIs against microbial xylanases, and the structural properties of xylanase-XI interaction. We also deepened the knowledge of XI regulation mechanisms in planta and their involvement in plant defense. Finally, we reported the recently studied strategies to reduce the negative impact of XIs in agro-industrial processes and mentioned their allergenicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Renesh Bedre
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA
| | - Raviraj M. Kalunke
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, 7 Olivette, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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Matthiesen CF, Pettersson D, Smith A, Pedersen NR, Storm AC. Exogenous xylanase improves broiler production efficiency by increasing proximal small intestine digestion of crude protein and starch in wheat-based diets of various viscosities. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu D, Liu X, Xie X, Yang S, Lin H, Chen H. Characteristics of a
XIP
‐resistant xylanase from
Neocallimastix
sp.
GMLF
1 and its advantage in barley malt saccharification. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Xia Xie
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Hui Lin
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
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Yang Z, Pirgozliev VR, Rose SP, Woods S, Yang HM, Wang ZY, Bedford MR. Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:320-330. [PMID: 32416817 PMCID: PMC7587868 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 960 male Ross 308 chicks (day-old) were used to investigate the effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible energy (DE) for broiler chickens. Bird growth variables, nitrogen retention (NR), nitrogen digestibility (ND), as well as the relative weight of liver, pancreas, and the gastrointestinal tract were determined. Practical diets that compared 2 cereals (corn and wheat) and exogenous xylanase (0 or 16,000 BXU/kg) were evaluated at 5 ages (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 D) in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and started with 30 birds per replicate. A randomized block ANOVA analysis of repeated measures was performed, and a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial structure was used to investigate the 2 dietary treatment factors (cereal type and the presence of xylanase) within the 5 bird ages (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 D), and their interactions. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) increased linearly from 7 until 28 D of age, but (P < 0.05) decreased at 35 D of age. Digestible energy was high at 7 D of age, then dropped and remained similar (P > 0.05) from 14 to 35 D of age. The AME: DE ratio was lowest (P < 0.05) at 7 D of age but there were no (P > 0.05) differences thereafter. Cereal type and xylanase supplementation did not (P > 0.05) change the ME: DE ratio. The results indicate that determining ME before 14 D of age may give absolute values that are lower than would be obtained with older birds. ME values that are determined on older broiler chickens may overestimate the energy availability of practical feeds used in broiler starter feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China; The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - V R Pirgozliev
- The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - S P Rose
- The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK.
| | - S Woods
- The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - H M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Z Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Woodstock Court, Blenbeim Road, Marlborougb Business Park, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
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