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Sirén H. Research of saccharides and related biocomplexes: A review with recent techniques and applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300668. [PMID: 38699940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides and biocompounds as saccharide (sugar) complexes have various roles and biological functions in living organisms due to modifications via nucleophilic substitution, polymerization, and complex formation reactions. Mostly, mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides are stabilized to inactive glycosides, which are formed in metabolic pathways. Natural saccharides are important in food and environmental monitoring. Glycosides with various functionalities are significant in clinical and medical research. Saccharides are often studied with the chromatographic methods of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and anion exchange chromatograpy, but also with capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with their on-line coupling systems. Sample preparation is important in the identification of saccharide compounds. The cases discussed here focus on bioscience, clinical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Sirén
- Chemicum Building, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sun W, Tao L, Qian C, Xue P, Tong X, Yang L, Lu F, Wan H, Tao Y. Human milk oligosaccharides and the association with microbiota in colostrum: a pilot study. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:58. [PMID: 38191870 PMCID: PMC10774193 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
HMOs (Human milk oligosaccharide) has an impact on maternal and infant health. Colostrum samples of 70 breastfeeding women in China were collected and recorded clinical characteristics. The major oligosaccharides and microbiota were quantitated in colostrum. The concentration of fucosylated HMOs in primipara was higher than that of multipara (p = 0.030). The concentration of N-acetylated HMOs in vaginal delivery milk was less than that of cesarean (p = 0.038). Non-fucosylated HMOs of breastfeeding women were less than that of breast pump (p = 0.038). Meanwhile, the concentration of LNT was positively correlated with Lactobacillus (r = 0.250, p = 0.037). DS-LNT was negatively correlated with Staphylococcus (r = - 0.240, p = 0.045). There was a positive correlation of Streptococcus with LNFP II (r = 0.314, p = 0.011) and 3-SL (r = 0.322, p = 0.009). In addition, there was a negative correlation between 2'-FL and 3-FL (r = - 0.465, p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between LNT and LNnT (r = 0.778, p = 0.001). Therefore, the concentration of HMOs is related to number of deliveries, delivery mode, lactation mode and perinatal antibiotic. The concentration of HMOs is related to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Streptococcus in colostrum. In addition, there are connections between different oligosaccharides in content. The study protocol was also registered in the ClinicalTrails.gov (ChiCTR2200064454) (Oct. 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Peipei Xue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Hua Wan
- Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yingna Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
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Liu S, Mao Y, Wang J, Tian F, Hill DR, Xiong X, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang S. Lactational and geographical variation in the concentration of six oligosaccharides in Chinese breast milk: a multicenter study over 13 months postpartum. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1267287. [PMID: 37731395 PMCID: PMC10508235 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1267287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the variations of oligosaccharide in breast milk contribute to better study how human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a role in health-promoting benefits in infants. Methods Six abundant HMOs, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), in breast milk collected at 0-5 days, 10-15 days, 40-45 days, 200-240 days, and 300-400 days postpartum from six locations across China were analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detector. Results The concentration of individual HMO fluctuated dynamically during lactational stages. The median ranges of 2'-FL, 3-FL, LNT, LNnT, 3'-SL, and 6'-SL across the five lactational stages were 935-2865 mg/L, 206-1325 mg/L, 300-1473 mg/L, 32-317 mg/L, 106-228 mg/L, and 20-616 mg/L, respectively. The prominent variation was observed in the content of 6'-SL, which demonstrates a pattern of initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Among the five lactational stages, the transitional milk has the highest concentration, which was 31 times greater than the concentration in mature milk at 300-400 days postpartum, where the content is the lowest. Geographical location also influenced the content of HMOs. LNT and LNnT were the highest in mature milk of mothers from Lanzhou among the six sites at 40-240 days postpartum. Breast milks were categorized into two groups base on the abundance of 2'-FL (high and low). There was no significant difference in the proportions of high and low 2'-FL phenotypes among the six sites, and the percentages of high and low 2'-FL phenotypes were 79% and 21%, respectively, across all sites in China. Discussion This study provided a comprehensive dataset on 6 HMOs concentrations in Chinese breast milk during the extended postpartum period across a wide geographic range and stratified by high and low 2'-FL phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingyi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - David R. Hill
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoying Xiong
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang W, Vervoort J, Pan J, Gao P, Zhu H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Li Y, Pang X, Zhang S, Jiang S, Lu J, Lyu J. Comparison of twelve human milk oligosaccharides in mature milk from different areas in China in the Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) study. Food Chem 2022; 395:133554. [PMID: 35830777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as a vital role in the development of infant's gut microbiome and immune function. This study aimed to measure 12 oligosaccharides in milk from Chinese donors (n = 203), and evaluated the influences of multiple factors on the HMOs profiles. The results indicated that concentrations of 6'-sialyllactose were the highest among 12 oligosaccharides (2.31 ± 0.81 g/L). HMOs concentrations varied depending on geographical location. Latitude was observed to be related to concentrations of Lacto-N-neohexaose, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, 3'-sialyllactose (r = -0.67, r = +0.63 and r = +0.50, respectively). Environmental factors like seasons correlated with lacto-N-difucohexaose Ⅱ, Lacto-N-neohexaose and 2'-fucosyllactose (r = -0.47, r = -0.4, r = -0.35, respectively). Several HMOs concentrations were correlated with maternal diet. As a consequence, the HMOs profiles measured were influenced by geographical, environmental, maternal anthropometric as well as dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiancun Pan
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huiquan Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Baorong Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiaping Lyu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.
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Moya-Alvarez V, Eussen SRBM, Mank M, Koyembi JCJ, Nyasenu YT, Ngaya G, Mad-Bondo D, Kongoma JB, Stahl B, Sansonetti PJ, Bourdet-Sicard R. Human milk nutritional composition across lactational stages in Central Africa. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1033005. [PMID: 36466422 PMCID: PMC9709887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1033005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The African region encompasses the highest undernutrition burden with the highest neonatal and infant mortality rates globally. Under these circumstances, breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and development. However, evidence on human milk (HM) composition from African women is scarce. This is of special concern, as we have no reference data from HM composition in the context of food insecurity in Africa. Furthermore, data on the evolution of HM across lactational stages in this setting lack as well. In the MITICA study, we conducted a cohort study among 48 Central-African women and their 50 infants to analyze the emergence of gut dysbiosis in infants and describe the mother-infant transmission of microbiota between birth and 6 months of age. In this context, we assessed nutritional components in HM of 48 lactating women in Central Africa through five sampling times from week 1 after birth until week 25. Unexpectedly, HM-type III (Secretor + and Lewis genes -) was predominant in HM from Central African women, and some nutrients differed significantly among HM-types. While lactose concentration increased across lactation periods, fatty acid concentration did not vary significantly. The overall median level of 16 detected individual human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs; core structures as well as fucosylated and sialylated ones) decreased from 7.3 g/l at week 1 to 3.5 g/l at week 25. The median levels of total amino acids in HM dropped from 12.8 mg/ml at week 1 to 7.4 mg/ml at week 25. In contrast, specific free amino acids increased between months 1 and 3 of lactation, e.g., free glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, and serine. In conclusion, HM-type distribution and certain nutrients differed from Western mother HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Moya-Alvarez
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Epidemiology of Emergent Diseases Unit, Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Simone R. B. M. Eussen
- Human Milk Research and Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marko Mank
- Human Milk Research and Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Yawo Tufa Nyasenu
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gilles Ngaya
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Daniel Mad-Bondo
- Direction du Service de Santé de la Gendarmerie, Sis Camp Henri Izamo, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Jean-Bertrand Kongoma
- Direction du Service de Santé de la Gendarmerie, Sis Camp Henri Izamo, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Human Milk Research and Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe J. Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
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Eow SY, Gan WY, Jiang T, Loh SP, Lee LJ, Chin YS, Than LTL, How KN, Thong PL, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen L. MYBIOTA: A birth cohort on maternal and infant microbiota and its impact on infant health in Malaysia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994607. [PMID: 36238465 PMCID: PMC9552002 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota plays a key role in early immunity maturation that affects infant health and is associated with the development of non-communicable diseases and allergies in later life. Objective The MYBIOTA is a prospective mother-infant cohort study in Malaysia aiming to determine the association between gut microbiota with infant health (temperament, gastrointestinal disorders, eczema, asthma, and developmental delays) in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods Pregnant mothers will be enrolled in their first trimester of pregnancy, and follow-ups will be done for infants during their first year of life. Maternal-infant biological samples (blood, feces, saliva, urine, and breast milk), anthropometric, dietary, and clinical information will be collected at different time points from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. Discussion This study could provide a better understanding of the colonization and development of the gut microbiome during early life and its impact on infant health. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04919265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiang Yen Eow
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling Jun Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yit Siew Chin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Center of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nien How
- Unit of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pui Ling Thong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
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Qiao W, Chen J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhao J, Jiang T, Chen L. A cohort study of vitamins contents in human milk from maternal-infant factors. Front Nutr 2022; 9:993066. [PMID: 36147300 PMCID: PMC9486404 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.993066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk vitamin content is an important indicator to evaluate the nutritional composition of human milk. This paper investigates the influence of maternal and infant factors on the dynamics of human milk vitamin content. A total of 147 mother-infant pairs from 3 different cities (north-south distribution) in China were selected and 9 major vitamins were measured in 332 human milk samples. The three vitamins (vitamin A, β-carotene, and pantothenic acid) showed significant downward trends with lactation period (| r | > 0.3, p < 0.05). The lactation period factor could explain the negative variation of vitamin A (21.2%) and pantothenic acid (9.5%). The factors of lactation period and oils intake could jointly explain variations of β-carotene (11.8%). (Registration number: NCT02658500).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Baoyu Yang
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Chen
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Yang X, Jiang S, Deng X, Luo Z, Chen A, Yu R. Effects of Antioxidants in Human Milk on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Prevention and Treatment: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924036. [PMID: 35923207 PMCID: PMC9340220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic lung illness that affects neonates, particularly premature infants. It has far-reaching consequences for infant health and their families due to intractable short- and long-term repercussions. Premature infant survival and long-term quality of life are severely harmed by BPD, which is characterized by alveolarization arrest and hypoplasia of pulmonary microvascular cells. BPD can be caused by various factors, with oxidative stress (OS) being the most common. Premature infants frequently require breathing support, which results in a hyperoxic environment in the developing lung and obstructs lung growth. OS can damage the lungs of infants by inducing cell death, inhibiting alveolarization, inducing inflammation, and impairing pulmonary angiogenesis. Therefore, antioxidant therapy for BPD relieves OS and lung injury in preterm newborns. Many antioxidants have been found in human milk, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, vitamins, melatonin, short-chain fatty acids, and phytochemicals. Human milk oligosaccharides, milk fat globule membrane, and lactoferrin, all unique to human milk, also have antioxidant properties. Hence, human milk may help prevent OS injury and improve BPD prognosis in premature infants. In this review, we explored the role of OS in the pathophysiology of BPD and related signaling pathways. Furthermore, we examined antioxidants in human milk and how they could play a role in BPD to understand whether human milk could prevent and treat BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanyu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianhui Deng
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ailing Chen
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Renqiang Yu
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Leite JA, Robinson RC, Salcedo J, Ract JN, Quintal VS, Tadini CC, Barile D. The effect of microwave-assisted heating on bioactive and immunological compounds in donor human milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang X, Liu J, Li C, Xu Y, Wang X, Lu Y, Zhang T, Cao H, Huang L, Wang Z. Pregnancy-Related Diseases and Delivery Mode can Affect the Content of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5207-5217. [PMID: 35434993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the second most abundant carbohydrates in colostrum. In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of 13 oligosaccharides in 99 colostrum samples obtained from mothers living in Northwest China. The analysis combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with 2-amino-N-(2-aminoethyl)benzamide (AEAB) labeling and nonsecretors accounted for 17%. Compared with healthy secretor mothers, those with gestational diabetes mellitus presented lower levels of sialylated oligosaccharides, especially 3'-sialyllactose. Colostrum from mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension had higher levels of fucosylated oligosaccharides, but the difference was not significant, and hypothyroidism appeared to have no effect on HMOs. Most HMOs (especially 6'-sialyllactose) were more abundant in colostrum from mothers who underwent vaginal delivery than a C-section. These findings show that the concentration of total or individual HMOs is affected by multiple factors. These findings provide a reference for evaluating variations in HMO expression among different populations and potential guidance for providing personalized clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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11
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Zhang P, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent Advances on Lacto- N-neotetraose, a Commercially Added Human Milk Oligosaccharide in Infant Formula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4534-4547. [PMID: 35385279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as the important prebiotics and display many unique health effects for infants. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), an abundant HMO, attracts increasing attention because of its unique beneficial effects to infants and great commercial importance. It occurs in all groups of human milk, but the concentration generally decreases gradually with the lactation period. It has superior prebiotic property for infants, and its other health effects have also been verified, including being immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, antiadhesive antimicrobials, antiviral activity, and promoting maturation of intestinal epithelial cells. Safety evaluation and clinical trial studies suggest that LNnT is safe and well-tolerant for infants. It has been commercially added as a functional ingredient in infant formula. LNnT can be synthesized via chemical, enzymatic, or cell factory approachs, among which the metabolic engineering-based cell factory synthesis is considered to be the most practical and effective. In this article, the occurrence and physiological effects of LNnT were reviewed in detail, the safety evaluation and regulation status of LNnT were described, various approaches to LNnT synthesis were comprehensively summarized and compared, and the future perspectives of LNnT-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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Li Z, Zhu Y, Ni D, Zhang W, Mu W. Occurrence, functional properties, and preparation of 3-fucosyllactose, one of the smallest human milk oligosaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9364-9378. [PMID: 35438024 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are receiving wide interest and high attention due to their health benefits, especially for newborns. The HMOs-fortified products are expected to mimic human milk not only in the kinds of added oligosaccharides components but also the appropriate proportion between these components, and further provide the nutrition and physiological effects of human milk to newborns as closely as possible. In comparison to intensively studied 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) has less attention in almost all respects. Nerveless, 3-FL naturally occurs in breast milk and increases roughly over the course of lactation with a nonnegligible content, and plays an irreplaceable role in human milk and delivers functional properties to newborns. According to the safety evaluation, 3-FL shows no acute oral toxicity, genetic toxicity, and subchronic toxicity. It has been approved as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Biological production of 3-FL can be realized by enzymatic and cell factory approaches. The α1,3- or α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase is the key enzyme for 3-FL biosynthesis. Various metabolic engineering strategies have been applied to enhance 3-FL yield using cell factory approach. In conclusion, this review gives an overview of the recent scientific literatures regarding occurrence, bioactive properties, safety evaluation, and biotechnological preparation of 3-FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Development and validation of UPLC method for quantitative determination of major bovine milk oligosaccharides and their heat stability. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Kim AY, Park SY, Park SH, Jin JS, Kim ES, Kim JY, Park JH, Ko YJ. Validation of Pretreatment Methods for the In-Process Quantification of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111361. [PMID: 34835292 PMCID: PMC8624908 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is controlled by vaccine policy in many countries. For vaccine potency, the content of intact virus particles (146S antigens) is critical, and the sucrose density gradient (SDG) fractionation is the gold standard for the quantification of 146S antigens. However, this method has several drawbacks. Although size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) was introduced to replace the classic method, its application is generally confined to purified samples owing to the interfering signals. Therefore, we aimed to develop optimal pretreatment methods for SE-HPLC quantification in less purified samples. Crude virus infection supernatant (CVIS) and semi-purified samples with PEG precipitation (PEG-P) were used. Chloroform pretreatment was essential to remove a high level of non-specific signals in CVIS, whereas it caused loss of 146S antigens without the distinctive removal of non-specific signals in PEG-P. Benzonase pretreatment was required to improve the resolution of the target peak in the chromatogram for both CVIS and PEG-P. Through spiking tests with pure 146S antigens, it was verified that the combined pretreatment with chloroform and benzonase was optimal for the CVIS, while the sole pretreatment of benzonase was beneficial for PEG-P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Joon Ko
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-912-0908; Fax: +82-54-912-0890
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15
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Durham SD, Robinson RC, Olga L, Ong KK, Chichlowski M, Dunger DB, Barile D. A one-year study of human milk oligosaccharide profiles in the milk of healthy UK mothers and their relationship to maternal FUT2 genotype. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1254-1267. [PMID: 34142145 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are indigestible carbohydrates with prebiotic, pathogen decoy and immunomodulatory activities that are theorized to substantially impact infant health. The objective of this study was to monitor HMO concentrations over 1 year to develop a long-term longitudinal dataset. HMO concentrations in the breast milk of healthy lactating mothers of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) were measured at birth, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postpartum. HMO quantification was conducted by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection using a newly validated "dilute-and-shoot" method. This technique minimizes sample losses and expedites throughput, making it particularly suitable for the analysis of large sample sets. Varying patterns of individual HMO concentrations were observed with changes in lactation timepoint and maternal secretor status, with the most prominent temporal changes occurring during the first 3 months. These data provide valuable information for the development of human milk banks in view of targeted distribution of donor milk based on infant age. Maternal FUT2 genotype was determined based on identification at single-nucleotide polymorphism rs516246 and compared with the genotype expected based on phenotypic markers in the HMO profile. Surprisingly, two mothers genotyped as secretors produced milk that displayed very low levels of 2'-fucosylated moieties. This unexpected discrepancy between genotype and phenotype suggests that differential enzyme expression may cause substantial variation in HMO profiles between genotypically similar mothers, and current genotypic methods of secretor status determination may require validation with HMO markers from milk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra D Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Randall C Robinson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laurentya Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, RB/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, 2400 W. Lloyd Expy., Evansville, IN 47712, USA
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Thum C, Wall CR, Weiss GA, Wang W, Szeto IMY, Day L. Changes in HMO Concentrations throughout Lactation: Influencing Factors, Health Effects and Opportunities. Nutrients 2021; 13:2272. [PMID: 34209241 PMCID: PMC8308359 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important functional biomolecules in human breast milk. Understanding the factors influencing differences in HMO composition and changes in their concentration over lactation can help to design feeding strategies that are well-adapted to infant's needs. This review summarises the total and individual concentration of HMOs from data published from 1999 to 2019. Studies show that the HMO concentrations are highest in colostrum (average 9-22 g/L), followed by slightly lower concentrations in transitional milk (average 8-19 g/L), with a gradual decline in mature milk as lactation progresses, from 6-15 g/L in breast milk collected within one month of birth, to 4-6 g/L after 6 months. Significant differences in HMO composition have been described between countries. Different HMOs were shown to be predominant over the course of lactation, e.g., 3-fucosyllactose increased over lactation, whereas 2'-fucosyllactose decreased. Recent clinical studies on infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose in combination with other oligosaccharides showed its limited beneficial effect on infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- AgResearch Ltd., Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Clare Rosemary Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | | | - Wendan Wang
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (I.M.-Y.S.)
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (I.M.-Y.S.)
| | - Li Day
- AgResearch Ltd., Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
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17
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Catenza KF, Donkor KK. Recent approaches for the quantitative analysis of functional oligosaccharides used in the food industry: A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129416. [PMID: 33774226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides (OS) are diverse groups of carbohydrates that confer several health benefits stemming from their prebiotic activity. Commonly used oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, are used in a wide range of applications from food ingredients to mimic the prebiotic activity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in infant formula to sugar and fat replacers in dairy and bakery products. However, while consumption of these compounds is associated with several positive health effects, increased consumption can cause intestinal discomfort and aggravation of intestinal bowel syndrome symptoms. Hence, it is essential to develop rapid and reliable techniques to quantify OS for quality control and proper assessment of their functionality in food and food products. The present review will focus on recent analytical techniques used to quantify OS in different matrices such as food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Catenza
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - K K Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.
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18
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Auer F, Jarvas G, Guttman A. Recent advances in the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides by liquid phase separation methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1162:122497. [PMID: 33383497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is a complex, dynamically changing biological fluid, which contains a large amount of non-conjugated carbohydrates, referred to as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). These HMOs are very important for the infants as they play important roles in the formation of the gut microbiome, the immune system and support brain development. HMOs show highly complex structural diversity due to numerous linkage possibilities of the building monosaccharides. In order to elucidate their structure-function relationship and to develop more effective infant formulas, cutting-edge analytical technologies are in great demand. In this paper, we review the current strategies for HMO analysis based on liquid phase separation methods. High performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry are critically reviewed, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages from practical point of views. Recent advances of the methods are categorized according to their application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Auer
- Translational Glycomics Research Center, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- Translational Glycomics Research Center, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory for Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Guttman
- Translational Glycomics Research Center, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory for Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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19
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van Leeuwen SS, te Poele EM, Chatziioannou AC, Benjamins E, Haandrikman A, Dijkhuizen L. Goat Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Diversity, Quantity, and Functional Properties in Comparison to Human Milk Oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13469-13485. [PMID: 33141570 PMCID: PMC7705968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is considered the golden standard in infant nutrition. Free oligosaccharides in human milk provide important health benefits. These oligosaccharides function as prebiotics, immune modulators, and pathogen inhibitors and were found to improve barrier function in the gut. Infant formulas nowadays often contain prebiotics but lack the specific functions of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS). Milk from domesticated animals also contains milk oligosaccharides but at much lower levels and with less diversity. Goat milk contains significantly more oligosaccharides (gMOS) than bovine (bMOS) or sheep (sMOS) milk and also has a larger diversity of structures. This review summarizes structural studies, revealing a diversity of up to 77 annotated gMOS structures with almost 40 structures fully characterized. Quantitative studies of goat milk oligosaccharides range from 60 to 350 mg/L in mature milk and from 200 to 650 mg/L in colostrum. These levels are clearly lower than in human milk (5-20 g/L) but higher than in other domesticated dairy animals, e.g., bovine (30-60 mg/L) and sheep (20-40 mg/L). Finally, the review focuses on demonstrated and potential functionalities of gMOS. Some studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of mixtures enriched in gMOS. Goat MOS also display prebiotic potential, particularly in stimulating growth of bifidobacteria preferentially. Although functional studies of gMOS are still limited, several structures are also found in human milk and have known functions as immune modulators and pathogen inhibitors. In conclusion, goat milk constitutes a promising alternative source for milk oligosaccharides, which can be used in infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Cluster Human Nutrition and Health, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- CarbExplore
Research BV, 9747 AN Groningen, Netherlands
- Department
of Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands
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20
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Salminen S, Stahl B, Vinderola G, Szajewska H. Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1952. [PMID: 32629970 PMCID: PMC7400136 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is natural and the optimal basis of infant nutrition and development, with many benefits for maternal health. Human milk is a dynamic fluid fulfilling an infant's specific nutritional requirements and guiding the growth, developmental, and physiological processes of the infant. Human milk is considered unique in composition, and it is influenced by several factors, such as maternal diet and health, body composition, and geographic region. Human milk stands as a model for infant formula providing nutritional solutions for infants not able to receive enough mother's milk. Infant formulas aim to mimic the composition and functionality of human milk by providing ingredients reflecting those of the latest human milk insights, such as oligosaccharides, bacteria, and bacterial metabolites. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the most recent developments in infant formula with a special focus on human milk oligosaccharides and postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina;
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics at the Medical University of Warsaw, 02091 Warsaw, Poland
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