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Kassem MA, Knizia D, Meksem K. A Summary of Two Decades of QTL and Candidate Genes That Control Seed Tocopherol Contents in Maize ( Zea mays L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:472. [PMID: 38674406 PMCID: PMC11049817 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols are secondary metabolites synthesized through the shikimate biosynthetic pathway in the plastids of most plants. It is well known that α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) has many health benefits for humans and animals; therefore, it is highly used in human and animal diets. Tocopherols vary considerably in most crop (and plant) species and within cultivars of the same species depending on environmental and growth conditions; tocopherol content is a polygenic, complex traits, and its inheritance is poorly understood. The objective of this review paper was to summarize all identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control seed tocopherols and related contents identified in maize (Zea mays) during the past two decades (2002-2022). Candidate genes identified within these QTL regions are also discussed. The QTL described here, and candidate genes identified within these genomic regions could be used in breeding programs to develop maize cultivars with high, beneficial levels of seed tocopherol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Abdelmajid Kassem
- Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Forensic Sciences, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA
| | - Dounya Knizia
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Khalid Meksem
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.K.); (K.M.)
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Overexpression of ZmSRG7 Improves Drought and Salt Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113349. [PMID: 36362140 PMCID: PMC9654355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress caused by drought and high salinity is the key factor limiting plant growth. However, its underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found the stress-related gene Zm00001d019704 (ZmSRG7) based on transcriptome sequencing results previously obtained in the laboratory and determined its biological function in maize. We found that ZmSRG7 was significantly expressed in both roots and leaves under 10% PEG6000 or 150 mM NaCl. Subcellular localization showed that the gene was localized in the nucleus. The germination rate and root length of the ZmSRG7 overexpressing lines were significantly increased under drought or salt stress compared with the control. However, after drought stress, the survival rate and relative water content of maize were increased, while the water loss rate was slowed down. Under salt stress, the Na+ concentration and Na+: K+ ratio of maize was increased. In addition, the contents of antioxidant enzymes and proline in maize under drought or salt stress were higher than those in the control, while the contents of MDA, H2O2 and O2− were lower than those in the control. The results showed that the ZmSRG7 gene played its biological function by regulating the ROS signaling pathway. An interaction between ZmSRG7 and the Zmdhn1 protein was found using a yeast two-hybrid experiment. These results suggest that the ZmSRG7 gene can improve maize tolerance to drought or salt by regulating hydrogen peroxide homeostasis.
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Medina-Lozano I, Díaz A. Applications of Genomic Tools in Plant Breeding: Crop Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3086. [PMID: 35328507 PMCID: PMC8950180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop breeding has mainly been focused on increasing productivity, either directly or by decreasing the losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses (that is, incorporating resistance to diseases and enhancing tolerance to adverse conditions, respectively). Quite the opposite, little attention has been paid to improve the nutritional value of crops. It has not been until recently that crop biofortification has become an objective within breeding programs, through either conventional methods or genetic engineering. There are many steps along this long path, from the initial evaluation of germplasm for the content of nutrients and health-promoting compounds to the development of biofortified varieties, with the available and future genomic tools assisting scientists and breeders in reaching their objectives as well as speeding up the process. This review offers a compendium of the genomic technologies used to explore and create biodiversity, to associate the traits of interest to the genome, and to transfer the genomic regions responsible for the desirable characteristics into potential new varieties. Finally, a glimpse of future perspectives and challenges in this emerging area is offered by taking the present scenario and the slow progress of the regulatory framework as the starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Medina-Lozano
- Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Revilla P, Alves ML, Andelković V, Balconi C, Dinis I, Mendes-Moreira P, Redaelli R, Ruiz de Galarreta JI, Vaz Patto MC, Žilić S, Malvar RA. Traditional Foods From Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Europe. Front Nutr 2022; 8:683399. [PMID: 35071287 PMCID: PMC8780548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.683399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops of the world for feed, food, and industrial uses. It was originated in Central America and introduced into Europe and other continents after Columbus trips at the end of the 15th century. Due to the large adaptability of maize, farmers have originated a wide variability of genetic resources with wide diversity of adaptation, characteristics, and uses. Nowadays, in Europe, maize is mainly used for feed, but several food specialties were originated during these five centuries of maize history and became traditional food specialties. This review summarizes the state of the art of traditional foodstuffs made with maize in Southern, South-Western and South-Eastern Europe, from an historic evolution to the last research activities that focus on improving sustainability, quality and safety of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Revilla
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mara Lisa Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Violeta Andelković
- Department of Genebank, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Isabel Dinis
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Rita Redaelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jose Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta
- Department of Plant Production, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sladana Žilić
- Department Food Technology and Biochemistry, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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Sampaio AM, Alves ML, Pereira P, Valiollahi E, Santos C, Šatović Z, Rubiales D, Araújo SDS, van Eeuwijk F, Vaz Patto MC. Grass pea natural variation reveals oligogenic resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20154. [PMID: 34617677 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an annual legume species, phylogenetically close to pea (Pisum sativum L.), that may be infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop), the causal agent of fusarium wilt in peas with vast worldwide yield losses. A range of responses varying from high resistance to susceptibility to this pathogen has been reported in grass pea germplasm. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of that diversity of responses is still unknown, hampering its breeding exploitation. To identify genomic regions controlling grass pea resistance to fusarium wilt, a genome-wide association study approach was applied on a grass pea worldwide collection of accessions inoculated with Fop race 2. Disease responses were scored in this collection that was also subjected to high-throughput based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) screening through genotyping-by-sequencing. A total of 5,651 high-quality SNPs were considered for association mapping analysis, performed using mixed linear models accounting for population structure. Because of the absence of a fully assembled grass pea reference genome, SNP markers' genomic positions were retrieved from the pea's reference genome v1a. In total, 17 genomic regions were associated with three fusarium wilt response traits in grass pea, anticipating an oligogenic control. Seven of these regions were located on pea chromosomes 1, 6, and 7. The candidate genes underlying these regions were putatively involved in secondary and amino acid metabolism, RNA (regulation of transcription), transport, and development. This study revealed important fusarium wilt resistance favorable grass pea SNP alleles, allowing the development of molecular tools for precision disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Sampaio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mara Lisa Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Priscila Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ehsan Valiollahi
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Current address: Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad Univ. of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Carmen Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Zlatko Šatović
- Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Association BLC3, Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Comendador Emílio Augusto Pires, 14, Edifício SIDE UP, 5340-257, Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal
| | - Fred van Eeuwijk
- Wageningen Univ. & Research, Biometrics, Applied Statistics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Univ. Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Medeiros DB, Brotman Y, Fernie AR. The utility of metabolomics as a tool to inform maize biology. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100187. [PMID: 34327322 PMCID: PMC8299083 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of high-throughput omics tools and the importance of maize and its products as food and bioethanol, maize metabolism has been extensively explored. Modern maize is still rich in genetic and phenotypic variation, yielding a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites. The maize metabolome is also incredibly dynamic in terms of topology and subcellular compartmentalization. In this review, we examine a broad range of studies that cover recent developments in maize metabolism. Particular attention is given to current methodologies and to the use of metabolomics as a tool to define biosynthetic pathways and address biological questions. We also touch upon the use of metabolomics to understand maize natural variation and evolution, with a special focus on research that has used metabolite-based genome-wide association studies (mGWASs).
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
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Alves ML, Bento-Silva A, Gaspar D, Paulo M, Brites C, Mendes-Moreira P, Bronze MDR, Malosetti M, van Eeuwijk F, Vaz Patto MC. Volatilome-Genome-Wide Association Study on Wholemeal Maize Flour. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7809-7818. [PMID: 32571020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Odor and aroma, resulting from the perception of volatiles by the olfactory receptors, are important in consumer food acceptance. To develop more efficient molecular breeding tools to improve the odor/aroma on maize (Zea mays L.), a staple food crop, increasing the knowledge on the genetic basis of maize volatilome is needed. In this work, we conducted a genome-wide association study on a unique germplasm collection to identify genomic regions controlling maize wholemeal flour's volatilome. We identified 64 regions on the maize genome and candidate genes controlling the levels of 15 volatiles, mainly aldehydes. As an example, the Zm00001d033623 gene was within a region associated with 2-octenal (E) and 2-nonenal (E), two byproducts of linoleic acid oxidation. This gene codes for linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase, an enzyme responsible for oxidizing linoleic acid. This knowledge can now support the development of molecular tools to increase the selection efficacy/efficiency of these volatiles within maize breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lisa Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bento-Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Daniel Gaspar
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra-Escola Superior Agrária, Bencanta, Coimbra 3045-601, Portugal
| | - Manuel Paulo
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra-Escola Superior Agrária, Bencanta, Coimbra 3045-601, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Brites
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra-Escola Superior Agrária, Bencanta, Coimbra 3045-601, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mendes-Moreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra-Escola Superior Agrária, Bencanta, Coimbra 3045-601, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Bronze
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Marcos Malosetti
- Biometris-Applied Statistics, Wageningen University, Radix, Building 107, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fred van Eeuwijk
- Biometris-Applied Statistics, Wageningen University, Radix, Building 107, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
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