1
|
Domínguez-Martín EM, Ntungwe E, Isca VMS, Princiotto S, Díaz-Lanza AM, André V, Ríjo P. Antibiotic Coordination Frameworks against Antibiotic Resistance: How to Involve Students through Experimental Practices in the Search for Solutions to Public Health Problems. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2024; 101:2045-2051. [PMID: 38764939 PMCID: PMC11097387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
For decades, multiple varieties of antibiotics have been successfully used for therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, antibiotic resistance is currently one of the major threats to global health. This work presents an innovative laboratory practice carried out in an inorganic medicinal chemistry course within the Degrees of Pharmacy and Biochemistry for undergraduate students. This experiment includes three classes of 2 h each. The first class consisted of the mechanochemical synthesis of an antibiotic coordination framework (ACF) using a known antibiotic (nalidixic acid) and zinc as the ligand. The prepared Zn-nalidixic acid ACF (Zn-ACF) was obtained in up to 82% yield with high purity. On the second day, the synthesized Zn-ACF was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Finally, during the last class, the antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli by the well diffusion method. The students verified the higher antimicrobial activity of Zn-ACF compared to nalidixic acid, proving that small changes in the chemical structure can result in great biological differences. In the end, the students presented their results in a poster format, encouraging the development of their soft skills and scientific results communication and dissemination. In the future, it is expected that such a laboratory experiment at the interface between medicinal chemistry, microbiology, analytical techniques, public health, and pharmacology will lead to the development and implementation of some service-learning practices and will serve as a model to look at for other courses and institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Domínguez-Martín
- CBIOS
− Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for
Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidad
de Alcalá de Henares, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas
(Área de Farmacología); Nuevos Agentes Antitumorales,
Acción Tóxica Sobre Células Leucémicas, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Epole Ntungwe
- CBIOS
− Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for
Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidad
de Alcalá de Henares, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas
(Área de Farmacología); Nuevos Agentes Antitumorales,
Acción Tóxica Sobre Células Leucémicas, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Vera M. S. Isca
- CBIOS
− Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for
Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Salvatore Princiotto
- Department
of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ana María Díaz-Lanza
- Universidad
de Alcalá de Henares, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas
(Área de Farmacología); Nuevos Agentes Antitumorales,
Acción Tóxica Sobre Células Leucémicas, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Vânia André
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco
Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Ríjo
- CBIOS
− Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for
Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo C, Wendel N, Lee A, Monette S, Morrison B, Frisbie D, Erbe E, Cole RS, Geng ML. Spectroscopic Monitoring and Modeling Drug Dissolution for Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2024; 101:1648-1655. [PMID: 38617817 PMCID: PMC11008090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industry has become the largest industrial sector for the employment of chemists, indicating a need for experiments with a pharmaceutical sciences context in the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. In the pharmaceutical industry, testing drug dissolution is a key analytical task for solid oral dosage forms that is performed in different phases of drug development to test the release behavior of new formulations, ensure consistency between manufacturing lots, and help predict the in vivo absorption of the drug substance after administration. However, there are a limited number of laboratory experiments in dissolution testing developed for the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. To help students obtain hands-on experience in dissolution testing, a protocol has been developed for an undergraduate chemistry laboratory course for students to build a dissolution apparatus, monitor dissolution processes, model the dissolution to extract kinetic parameters, and evaluate the consistency between dissolution curves with FDA regulated methods. Students successfully collected dissolution curves and completed the modeling analysis with nonlinear least-squares fitting. The designed dissolution protocol has been evaluated to have consistency and reproducibility to be implemented in the undergraduate chemistry laboratory curriculum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxuan Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Nicole Wendel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ally Lee
- Chadwick
International School, 45, Art center-daero 97 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22002 South Korea
| | - Shonda Monette
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brian Morrison
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Dominic Frisbie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Earlene Erbe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Renée S. Cole
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Max Lei Geng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klimša V, Mašková L, Kašpar O, Ruphuy G, Štěpánek F. Rapid screening of ternary amorphous formulations by a spray drying robot. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123739. [PMID: 38145780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Spray drying is commonly used for producing amorphous solid dispersions to improve drug solubility. The development of such formulations typically relies on comprehensive excipient and composition screening, which requires the preparation of many spray-dried powder samples. This is both labour-intensive and time-consuming when carried out manually. In the present work, the formulation screening task was automated by coupling a laboratory spray dryer operated in a semi-continuous mode with custom-made add-ons, allowing for rapid, computer-controlled production of formulation samples with systematically varying composition. The practical use of the spray drying robot in formulation development was demonstrated on a case study of poorly water-soluble model drugs simvastatin and ezetimibe. Six different polymers and several drug:polymer ratios were screened for the enhancement of dissolution properties. From a pool of 28 spray-dried samples, ternary compositions containing Eudragit L100-55 were identified as the most suitable ones for further processing and characterisation. The ability to populate the formulation design space rapidly and automatically made it possible to construct maps of physico-chemical properties such as glass transition temperature or dissolution rate. The spray drying robot thus enables the acceleration of early formulation development and a deeper understanding of composition-property relationships for multi-component spray dried powders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Klimša
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; Levare s.r.o., Jičínská 226/17, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mašková
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kašpar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ruphuy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; Levare s.r.o., Jičínská 226/17, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Wang X, Yu D, Zhoujin Y, Wang K. Molecular complexes of drug combinations: A review of cocrystals, salts, coamorphous systems and amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123555. [PMID: 37890646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
As the advancements in the medical technology and healthcare develop through the years, combinational therapy has evolved to be an important treatment modality in many disease settings, including cancer, cardiovascular disease and infectious diseases. In an effort to alleviate "pill burden" and improve patient compliance, fixed dose combinations (FDCs) have been developed to be used as effective therapeutics. Among all FDCs, the category of drug-drug molecular complexes has been proven an efficient methodology in designing and treating diseases, with many drugs being approved. Among all drug-drug molecular complexes, drug-drug cocrystals, salts, coamorphous systems and solid dispersions have been successfully developed and many have been approved by the FDA. In this review, we dwell deeply into the molecular mechanisms behind the different types of drug-drug molecular complexes, including the key functional groups involved in the intermolecular interactions, the applications of each category of molecular complexes, as well as the advantages and challenges thereof. This comprehensive review provides useful insights into the practical design and manufacture of drug-drug molecular complexes and points out the future direction for the development of new advantageous combinational therapies that benefit more patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Xiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Yunping Zhoujin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kunlin Wang
- BeBetter Med Inc., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|