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Kamenický P, Briot K, Munns CF, Linglart A. X-linked hypophosphataemia. Lancet 2024; 404:887-901. [PMID: 39181153 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphataemia is a genetic disease caused by defects in the phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene and is characterised by X-linked dominant inheritance. The main consequence of PHEX deficiency is increased production of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Chronic exposure to circulating FGF23 is responsible for renal phosphate wasting and decreased synthesis of calcitriol, which decreases intestinal phosphate absorption. These mechanisms result in lifelong hypophosphataemia, impaired growth plate and bone matrix mineralisation, and diverse manifestations in affected children and adults, including some debilitating morbidities and possibly increased mortality. Important progress has been made in disease knowledge and management over the past decade; in particular, targeting FGF23 is a therapeutic approach that has substantially improved outcomes. However, patients affected by this complex disease need lifelong care and innovative treatment strategies, such as gene repair of PHEX, are necessary to further limit the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kamenický
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Karine Briot
- Centre de Référence des Maladies du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Craig F Munns
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital and Child Health Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et du Diabète de l'Enfant, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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2
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Phan P, Ternier G, Edirisinghe O, Kumar TKS. Exploring endocrine FGFs - structures, functions and biomedical applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 15:68-99. [PMID: 39309613 PMCID: PMC11411148 DOI: 10.62347/palk2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) consists of 22 members with diverse biological functions in cells, from cellular development to metabolism. The family can be further categorized into three subgroups based on their three modes of action. FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 are endocrine FGFs that act in a hormone-like/endocrine manner to regulate various metabolic activities. However, all three members of the endocrine family require both FGF receptors (FGFRs) and klotho co-receptors to elicit their functions. α-klotho and β-klotho act as scaffolds to bring endocrine FGFs closer to their receptors (FGFRs) to form active complexes. Numerous novel studies about metabolic FGFs' structures, mechanisms, and physiological insights have been published to further understand the complex molecular interactions and physiological activities of endocrine FGFs. Herein, we aim to review the structures, physiological functions, binding mechanisms to cognate receptors, and novel biomedical applications of endocrine FGFs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fulbright College of Art and Sciences, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Gaёtane Ternier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fulbright College of Art and Sciences, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Oshadi Edirisinghe
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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3
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Liu JX, Zhang X, Huang YQ, Hao GF, Yang GF. Multi-level bioinformatics resources support drug target discovery of protein-protein interactions. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103979. [PMID: 38608830 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Drug discovery often begins with a new target. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial to multitudinous cellular processes and offer a promising avenue for drug-target discovery. PPIs are characterized by multi-level complexity: at the protein level, interaction networks can be used to identify potential targets, whereas at the residue level, the details of the interactions of individual PPIs can be used to examine a target's druggability. Much great progress has been made in target discovery through multi-level PPI-related computational approaches, but these resources have not been fully discussed. Here, we systematically survey bioinformatics tools for identifying and assessing potential drug targets, examining their characteristics, limitations and applications. This work will aid the integration of the broader protein-to-network context with the analysis of detailed binding mechanisms to support the discovery of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yuan-Qin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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Smith MD, Darryl Quarles L, Demerdash O, Smith JC. Drugging the entire human proteome: Are we there yet? Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103891. [PMID: 38246414 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Each of the ∼20,000 proteins in the human proteome is a potential target for compounds that bind to it and modify its function. The 3D structures of most of these proteins are now available. Here, we discuss the prospects for using these structures to perform proteome-wide virtual HTS (VHTS). We compare physics-based (docking) and AI VHTS approaches, some of which are now being applied with large databases of compounds to thousands of targets. Although preliminary proteome-wide screens are now within our grasp, further methodological developments are expected to improve the accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micholas Dean Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; ORRxD LLC, 3404 Olney Drive, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Omar Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Phan P, Sonnaila S, Ternier G, Edirisinghe O, Okoto PS, Kumar TKS. Overexpression and Purification of Mitogenic and Metabolic Fibroblast Growth Factors. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2762:151-181. [PMID: 38315365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3666-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are proteins with a vast array of biological activity, such as cell development and repair, glucose and bile acid metabolisms, and wound healing. Due to their critical and diverse physiological functions, FGFs are believed to possess potential as therapeutic agents for many diseases and conditions that warrant further investigations. Thus, a simple, cost-efficient method to purify these biologically active signaling proteins is desirable. Herein, we introduce such techniques to purify FGFs that possess either high heparin-binding affinity or low to no heparin-binding affinity. This method takes advantage of the high affinity toward heparin sulfate from paracrine FGF1 to isolate the targeted protein. It also accounts for FGF members that have low heparin affinity, such as the metabolic FGFs, by introducing poly-histidine tags in the recombinant protein in combination with the immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Subsequently, the purified FGF products are separated from the other small protein by high-speed centrifugation. Products are then subjected to other biophysical experiments like SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and biological cell activity assay to confirm that the target proteins are purified with intact native conformation and no significant change in the intrinsic characteristics and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Shivakumar Sonnaila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Gaetane Ternier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Oshadi Edirisinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Liu SH, Xiao Z, Smith JC, Quarles LD. Structural asymmetry in FGF23 signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:862-864. [PMID: 37778940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chen et al. have derived cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of signaling complexes of the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), α-Klotho, and heparin sulfate. These structures are asymmetric, leading to questions concerning in vivo function, and will facilitate structure-based drug design to modulate FGF23 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Liu
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Montanari A, Pirini MG, Lotrecchiano L, Di Prinzio L, Zavatta G. Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors with or without Phosphate Metabolism Derangements. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7478-7488. [PMID: 37623022 PMCID: PMC10453447 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30080541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMT) are rare neoplasms, which can give rise to a multifaceted syndrome, otherwise called tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). Localizing these tumors is crucial to obtain a cure for the phosphate metabolism derangement, which is often the main cause leading the patient to seek medical help, because of invalidating physical and neuromuscular symptoms. A proportion of these tumors is completely silent and may grow unnoticed, unless they become large enough to produce pain or discomfort. FGF-23 can be produced by several benign or malignant PMTs. The phosphate metabolism, radiology and histology of these rare tumors must be collectively assessed by a multidisciplinary team aimed at curing the disease locally and improving patients' quality of life. This narrative review, authored by multiple specialists of a tertiary care hospital center, will describe endocrine, radiological and histological features of these tumors, as well as present surgical and interventional strategies to manage PMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Montanari
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Pirini
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lotrecchiano
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Prinzio
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Zavatta
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Jan de Beur SM, Minisola S, Xia WB, Abrahamsen B, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Clifton-Bligh R, Collins M, Florenzano P, Houillier P, Imanishi Y, Imel EA, Khan AA, Zillikens MC, Fukumoto S. Global guidance for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of tumor-induced osteomalacia. J Intern Med 2023; 293:309-328. [PMID: 36511653 PMCID: PMC10108006 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by mesenchymal tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Patients present with progressive bone pain, muscle weakness, and fragility fractures. TIO is characterized by hypophosphatemia, excess renal phosphate excretion, and low/inappropriately normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) levels. Rarity and enigmatic clinical presentation of TIO contribute to limited awareness among the medical community. Accordingly, appropriate diagnostic tests may not be requested, leading to delayed diagnosis and poorer patient outcomes. We have developed a global guidance document to improve the knowledge of TIO in the medical community, enabling the recognition of patients with TIO and appropriate referral. We provide recommendations aiding diagnosis, referral, and treatment, helping promote a global standard of patient management. We reviewed the literature and conducted a three-round Delphi survey of TIO experts. Statements were drafted based on published evidence and expert opinions (≥70% consensus required for final recommendations). Serum phosphate should be measured in patients presenting with chronic muscle pain or weakness, fragility fractures, or bone pain. Physical examination should establish features of myopathy and identify masses that could be causative tumors. Priority laboratory evaluations should include urine/serum phosphate and creatinine to assess renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and TmP/GFR, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25(OH)2 D, and FGF23. Patients with the clinical/biochemical suspicion of TIO should be referred to a specialist for diagnosis confirmation, and functional imaging should be used to localize causative tumor(s). Recommended treatment is tumor resection or, with unresectable/unidentifiable tumors, phosphate salts plus active vitamin D, or burosumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jan de Beur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Wei-Bo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NHC, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Jacques Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Collins
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pablo Florenzano
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología UC (CETREN-UC), Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Département des Maladies Rénales et Métaboliques, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erik A Imel
- Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aliya A Khan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Calcium Disorders Clinic, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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