1
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Arias-Martinez JE, Wu H, Head-Gordon M. Generalization of One-Center Nonorthogonal Configuration Interaction Singles to Open-Shell Singlet Reference States: Theory and Application to Valence-Core Pump-Probe States in Acetylacetone. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:752-766. [PMID: 38164934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We formulate a one-center nonorthogonal configuration interaction singles (1C-NOCIS) theory for the computation of core excited states of an initial singlet state with two unpaired electrons. This model, which we refer to as 1C-NOCIS two-electron open-shell (2eOS), is appropriate for computing the K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption spectra (NEXAS) of the valence excited states of closed-shell molecules relevant to pump-probe time-resolved (TR) NEXAS experiments. With the inclusion of core-hole relaxation effects and explicit spin adaptation, 1C-NOCIS 2eOS requires mild shifts to match experiment, is free of artifacts due to spin contamination, and can capture the high-energy region of the spectrum beyond the transitions into the singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs). Calculations on water and thymine illustrate the different key features of excited-state NEXAS, namely, the core-to-SOMO transitions as well as shifts and spin-splittings in the transitions analogous to those of the ground state. Simulations of the TR-NEXAS of acetylacetone after excitation to its π → π* singlet excited state at the carbon K-edge, an experiment carried out recently, showcase the ability of 1C-NOCIS 2eOS to efficiently simulate NEXAS based on nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Arias-Martinez
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hamlin Wu
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Engel RY, Alexander O, Atak K, Bovensiepen U, Buck J, Carley R, Cascella M, Chardonnet V, Chiuzbaian GS, David C, Döring F, Eschenlohr A, Gerasimova N, de Groot F, Guyader LL, Humphries OS, Izquierdo M, Jal E, Kubec A, Laarmann T, Lambert CH, Lüning J, Marangos JP, Mercadier L, Mercurio G, Miedema PS, Ollefs K, Pfau B, Rösner B, Rossnagel K, Rothenbach N, Scherz A, Schlappa J, Scholz M, Schunck JO, Setoodehnia K, Stamm C, Techert S, Vinko SM, Wende H, Yaroslavtsev AA, Yin Z, Beye M. Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054501. [PMID: 37841290 PMCID: PMC10576398 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray-matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L 3 -edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Alexander
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaan Atak
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Sorin Chiuzbaian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Eschenlohr
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank de Groot
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - Adam Kubec
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jan Lüning
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Ollefs
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Pfau
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Nico Rothenbach
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Beye
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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3
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Yuwono SH, Cooper BC, Zhang T, Li X, DePrince AE. Time-dependent equation-of-motion coupled-cluster simulations with a defective Hamiltonian. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044113. [PMID: 37497820 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulations of laser-induced electron dynamics in a molecular system are performed using time-dependent (TD) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) theory. The target system has been chosen to highlight potential shortcomings of truncated TD-EOM-CC methods [represented in this work by TD-EOM-CC with single and double excitations (TD-EOM-CCSD)], where unphysical spectroscopic features can emerge. Specifically, we explore driven resonant electronic excitations in magnesium fluoride in the proximity of an avoided crossing. Near the avoided crossing, the CCSD similarity-transformed Hamiltonian is defective, meaning that it has complex eigenvalues, and oscillator strengths may take on negative values. When an external field is applied to drive transitions to states exhibiting these traits, unphysical dynamics are observed. For example, the stationary states that make up the time-dependent state acquire populations that can be negative, exceed one, or even complex-valued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Yuwono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | - Brandon C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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4
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Janesko BG. Core-Projected Hybrids Fix Systematic Errors in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Predicted Core-Electron Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37437304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Linear response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely applied to valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer excitations but, in its current form, makes large errors for core-electron excitations. This work demonstrates that the admixture of nonlocal exact exchange in atomic core regions significantly improves TDDFT-predicted core excitations. Exact exchange admixture is accomplished using projected hybrid density functional theory [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 837-847]. Scalar relativistic TDDFT calculations using core-projected B3LYP accurately model core excitations of second-period elements C-F and third-period elements Si-Cl, without sacrificing performance for the relative shifts of core excitation energies. Predicted K-edge X-ray near absorption edge structure (XANES) of a series of sulfur standards highlight the value of this approach. Core-projected hybrids appear to be a practical solution to TDDFT's limitations for core excitations, in the way that long-range-corrected hybrids are a practical solution to TDDFT's limitations for Rydberg and charge-transfer excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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5
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Ranka K, Isborn CM. Size-dependent errors in real-time electron density propagation. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887545. [PMID: 37125706 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time (RT) electron density propagation with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) or Hartree-Fock (TDHF) is one of the most popular methods to model the charge transfer in molecules and materials. However, both RT-TDHF and RT-TDDFT within the adiabatic approximation are known to produce inaccurate evolution of the electron density away from the ground state in model systems, leading to large errors in charge transfer and erroneous shifting of peaks in absorption spectra. Given the poor performance of these methods with small model systems and the widespread use of the methods with larger molecular and material systems, here we bridge the gap in our understanding of these methods and examine the size-dependence of errors in RT density propagation. We analyze the performance of RT density propagation for systems of increasing size during the application of a continuous resonant field to induce Rabi-like oscillations, during charge-transfer dynamics, and for peak shifting in simulated absorption spectra. We find that the errors in the electron dynamics are indeed size dependent for these phenomena, with the largest system producing the results most aligned with those expected from linear response theory. The results suggest that although the RT-TDHF and RT-TDDFT methods may produce severe errors for model systems, the errors in charge transfer and resonantly driven electron dynamics may be much less significant for more realistic, large-scale molecules and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnamohit Ranka
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Christine M Isborn
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
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6
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Folorunso AS, Mauger F, Hamer KA, Jayasinghe DD, Wahyutama IS, Ragains JR, Jones RR, DiMauro LF, Gaarde MB, Schafer KJ, Lopata K. Attochemistry Regulation of Charge Migration. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1894-1900. [PMID: 36791088 PMCID: PMC9986869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Charge migration (CM) is a coherent attosecond process that involves the movement of localized holes across a molecule. To determine the relationship between a molecule's structure and the CM dynamics it exhibits, we perform systematic studies of para-functionalized bromobenzene molecules (X-C6H4-R) using real-time time-dependent density functional theory. We initiate valence-electron dynamics by emulating rapid strong-field ionization leading to a localized hole on the bromine atom. The resulting CM, which takes on the order of 1 fs, occurs via an X localized → C6H4 delocalized → R localized mechanism. Interestingly, the hole contrast on the acceptor functional group increases with increasing electron-donating strength. This trend is well-described by the Hammett σ value of the group, which is a commonly used metric for quantifying the effect of functionalization on the chemical reactivity of benzene derivatives. These results suggest that simple attochemistry principles and a density-based picture can be used to predict and understand CM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert R Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Louis F DiMauro
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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7
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Moitra T, Konecny L, Kadek M, Rubio A, Repisky M. Accurate Relativistic Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Valence and Core Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1714-1724. [PMID: 36757216 PMCID: PMC9940299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
First principles theoretical modeling of out-of-equilibrium processes observed in attosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) triggering pure electron dynamics remains a challenging task, especially for heavy elements and/or core excitations containing fingerprints of scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects. To address this, we formulate a methodology for simulating TAS within the relativistic real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) framework, for both the valence and core energy regimes. Especially for TAS, full four-component (4c) RT simulations are feasible but computationally demanding. Therefore, in addition to the 4c approach, we also introduce the atomic mean-field exact two-component (amfX2C) Hamiltonian accounting for one- and two-electron picture-change corrections within RT-TDDFT. amfX2C preserves the accuracy of the parent 4c method at a fraction of its computational cost. Finally, we apply the methodology to study valence and near-L2,3-edge TAS processes of experimentally relevant systems and provide additional physical insights using relativistic nonequilibrium response theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Algorithmiq
Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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8
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Carter-Fenk K, Cunha LA, Arias-Martinez JE, Head-Gordon M. Electron-Affinity Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Formalism and Applications to Core-Excited States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9664-9672. [PMID: 36215404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lack of particle-hole attraction and orbital relaxation within time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) lead to extreme errors in the prediction of K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS). We derive a linear-response formalism that uses optimized orbitals of the n - 1-electron system as the reference, building orbital relaxation and a proper hole into the initial density. Our approach is an exact generalization of the static-exchange approximation that ameliorates the particle-hole interaction error associated with the adiabatic approximation and reduces errors in TDDFT XAS by orders of magnitude. With a statistical performance of just 0.5 eV root-mean-square error and the same computational scaling as TDDFT under the core-valence separation approximation, we anticipate that this approach will be of great utility in XAS calculations of large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Leonardo A Cunha
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Juan E Arias-Martinez
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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9
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Ye L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu W. Self-Adaptive Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for X-ray Absorptions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) can in principle access the whole absorption spectrum of a many-electron system exposed to a narrow pulse. However, this requires an accurate and efficient propagator for the numerical integration of the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation. While a low-order time propagator is already sufficient for the low-lying valence absorption spectra, it is no longer the case for the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of systems composed even only of light elements, for which the use of a high-order propagator is indispensable. It is then crucial to choose a largest possible time step and a shortest possible simulation time, so as to minimize the computational cost. To this end, we propose here a robust AutoPST approach to determine automatically (Auto) the propagator (P), step (S), and time (T) for relativistic RT-TDDFT simulations of XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Wang
- Shandong University - Qingdao Campus, China
| | | | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institue for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Shandong University, China
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10
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Kobayashi Y, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Theoretical analysis of the role of complex transition dipole phase in XUV transient-absorption probing of charge migration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:5673-5682. [PMID: 35209524 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the role of complex dipole phase in the attosecond probing of charge migration. The iodobromoacetylene ion (ICCBr+) is considered as an example, in which one can probe charge migration by accessing both the iodine and bromine ends of the molecule with different spectral windows of an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse. The analytical expression for transient absorption shows that the site-specific information of charge migration is encoded in the complex phase of cross dipole products for XUV transitions between the I-4d and Br-3d spectral windows. Ab-initio quantum chemistry calculations on ICCBr+ reveal that there is a constant π phase difference between the I-4d and Br-3d transient-absorption spectral windows, irrespective of the fine-structure energy splittings. Transient absorption spectra are simulated with a multistate model including the complex dipole phase, and the results correctly reconstruct the charge-migration dynamics via the quantum beats in the two element spectral windows, exhibiting out-of-phase oscillations.
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11
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Density functional tight binding approach utilized to study X-ray-induced transitions in solid materials. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1551. [PMID: 35091574 PMCID: PMC8799736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers can trigger ultrafast electronic, structural and magnetic transitions in solid materials, within a material volume which can be precisely shaped through adjustment of X-ray beam parameters. This opens unique prospects for material processing with X rays. However, any fundamental and applicational studies are in need of computational tools, able to predict material response to X-ray radiation. Here we present a dedicated computational approach developed to study X-ray induced transitions in a broad range of solid materials, including those of high chemical complexity. The latter becomes possible due to the implementation of the versatile density functional tight binding code DFTB+ to follow band structure evolution in irradiated materials. The outstanding performance of the implementation is demonstrated with a comparative study of XUV induced graphitization in diamond.
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12
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Yang M, Sissay A, Chen M, Lopata K. Intruder Peak-Free Transient Inner-Shell Spectra Using Real-Time Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:992-1002. [PMID: 35025498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Real-time methods are convenient for simulating core-level absorption spectra but suffer from nonphysical intruder peaks when using atom-centered basis sets. In transient absorption spectra, these peaks exhibit highly nonphysical time-dependent modulations in their energies and oscillator strengths. In this paper, we address the origins of these intruder peaks and propose a straightforward and effective solution based on a filtered dipole operator. In combination with real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT), we demonstrate how to compute intruder-free attosecond transient X-ray absorption spectra for the aminophenol (C6H7NO) oxygen and nitrogen K-edges and the α-quartz (SiO2) silicon L-edge. Without filtering, the computed spectra are qualitatively wrong. This procedure is suitable for both static and transient inner-shell spectroscopy studies and can easily be implemented in a range of real-time methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Adonay Sissay
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.,Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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13
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Serrat C. Resonantly Enhanced Difference-Frequency Generation in the Core X-ray Absorption of Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10706-10710. [PMID: 34910497 PMCID: PMC8724795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We use real-time time-dependent density functional theory simulations to numerically demonstrate that resonantly enhanced difference-frequency generation (re-DFG) involving intense ultrashort coherent X-ray pulses can selectively excite core states of atoms in molecules. As a model case, we evaluate the spectral selectivity of re-DFG excitation of the oxygen K-edge by illumination of a single gas-phase water molecule with two-color X-ray pulses of different photon energies and durations. The re-DFG excitation is further probed by a small delayed pulse with central photon energy resonant with the oxygen K-edge peak absorption line. Based on these results, we anticipate that highly selective excitation by re-DFG X-ray nonlinear processes might be achieved in more complex molecular systems and bulk materials by using highly penetrating two-color hard X-ray pulses, with extensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Serrat
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
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14
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Scutelnic V, Tsuru S, Pápai M, Yang Z, Epshtein M, Xue T, Haugen E, Kobayashi Y, Krylov AI, Møller KB, Coriani S, Leone SR. X-ray transient absorption reveals the 1A u (nπ*) state of pyrazine in electronic relaxation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5003. [PMID: 34408141 PMCID: PMC8373973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic relaxation in organic chromophores often proceeds via states not directly accessible by photoexcitation. We report on the photoinduced dynamics of pyrazine that involves such states, excited by a 267 nm laser and probed with X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy in a table-top setup. In addition to the previously characterized 1B2u (ππ*) (S2) and 1B3u (nπ*) (S1) states, the participation of the optically dark 1Au (nπ*) state is assigned by a combination of experimental X-ray core-to-valence spectroscopy, electronic structure calculations, nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, and X-ray spectral computations. Despite 1Au (nπ*) and 1B3u (nπ*) states having similar energies at relaxed geometry, their X-ray absorption spectra differ largely in transition energy and oscillator strength. The 1Au (nπ*) state is populated in 200 ± 50 femtoseconds after electronic excitation and plays a key role in the relaxation of pyrazine to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriu Scutelnic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shota Tsuru
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zheyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Epshtein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eric Haugen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Klaus B Møller
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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15
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Moreno Carrascosa A, Yang M, Yong H, Ma L, Kirrander A, Weber PM, Lopata K. Mapping static core-holes and ring-currents with X-ray scattering. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:60-81. [PMID: 33605956 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the attosecond movement of electrons in molecules is challenging due to the high temporal and spatial resolutions required. X-ray scattering-based methods are promising, but many questions remain concerning the sensitivity of the scattering signals to changes in density, as well as the means of reconstructing the dynamics from these signals. In this paper, we present simulations of stationary core-holes and electron dynamics following inner-shell ionization of the oxazole molecule. Using a combination of time-dependent density functional theory simulations along with X-ray scattering theory, we demonstrate that the sudden core-hole ionization produces a significant change in the X-ray scattering response and how the electron currents across the molecule should manifest as measurable modulations to the time dependent X-ray scattering signal. This suggests that X-ray scattering is a viable probe for measuring electronic processes at time scales faster than nuclear motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lingyu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Roug, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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16
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Serrat C. Localized Core Four-Wave Mixing Buildup in the X-ray Spectrum of Chemical Species. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1093-1097. [PMID: 33471536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using the Kohn-Sham density functional theory, we numerically study the four-wave mixing response of a carbon atom model system exposed to a train of femtosecond two color ω-3ω random phase coherent X-ray pulses near the K-edge. The phase-sensitivity cancellation of the 5ω anti-Stokes component previously described in two- and three-level systems in the infrared and optical regions is extended into the X-ray. Resonances with the absorption lines in the XANES and EXAFS regions produce 5ω peak intensities that increase near the phase-sensitivity cancellation frequencies. Based on this effect, we predict that highly selective intense X-ray 5ω photon energies can be achieved in real systems. The high localization of the ω-3ω four-wave mixing nonlinear technique that we address entails a new valuable tool in X-ray spectroscopies of chemical species as it can readily be extended to different photon energies in other atomic absorption edges, with broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Serrat
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Li X, Govind N, Isborn C, DePrince AE, Lopata K. Real-Time Time-Dependent Electronic Structure Theory. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9951-9993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christine Isborn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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18
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Darapaneni P, Meyer AM, Sereda M, Bruner A, Dorman JA, Lopata K. Simulated field-modulated x-ray absorption in titania. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054110. [PMID: 32770877 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to compute the x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of solid-state transition metal oxides using real-time time-dependent density functional theory, including spin-orbit coupling effects. This was performed on bulk-mimicking anatase titania (TiO2) clusters, which allows for the use of hybrid functionals and atom-centered all electron basis sets. Furthermore, this method was employed to calculate the shifts in the XANES spectra of the Ti L-edge in the presence of applied electric fields to understand how external fields can modify the electronic structure, and how this can be probed using x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Specifically, the onset of t2g peaks in the Ti L-edge was observed to red shift and the eg peaks were observed to blue shift with increasing fields, attributed to changes in the hybridization of the conduction band (3d) orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Darapaneni
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Alexander M Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Mykola Sereda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Adam Bruner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - James A Dorman
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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