1
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Price J, Tallaie T, Eisler S. Pericyclic Cascade Reactions Affording Thienyl- and Benzo[ b]thienyl-Fused Architectures: A Synthetic and Density Functional Theory Analysis of Asynchronous Diels-Alder Reactions of Thioarylmaleimides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1379-1388. [PMID: 38215402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of thioarylmaleimides and their varied propensity toward highly selective domino Diels-Alder (D-A)/rearrangement, D-A/ene/elimination, and D-A/oxidation reactions to give three types of thienyl-fused architectures. Stereochemical assignment was achieved using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR chemical shift calculations, and DP4+ analysis. Transition-state calculations support an asynchronous concerted mechanism and provide support for rationalizing the observed regio- and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Tabassom Tallaie
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sara Eisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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2
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Tao Z, Qiu T, Subotnik JE. Symmetric Post-Transition State Bifurcation Reactions with Berry Pseudomagnetic Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:770-778. [PMID: 36652556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how the Berry force (i.e., the pseudomagnetic force operating on nuclei as induced by electronic degeneracy and spin-orbit coupling (SOC)) might modify a post-transition state bifurcation (PTSB) reaction path and affect product selectivity for situations when multiple products share the same transition state. To estimate the magnitude of this effect, Langevin dynamics are performed on a model system with a valley-ridge inflection (VRI) point in the presence of a magnetic field (that mimics the Berry curvature). We also develop an analytic model for such selectivity that depends on key parameters such as the surface topology, the magnitude of the Berry force, and the nuclear friction. Within this dynamical model, static electronic structure calculations (at the level of generalized Hartree-Fock with spin-orbit coupling (GHF+SOC) theory) suggest that electronic spin induced Berry force effects may indeed lead to noticeable changes in methoxy radical isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Sicard AJ, Ghaffari B, Gabidullin BM, Ovens JS, Hughes RP, Baker RT. Nickel-Catalyzed Homologation of Vinylidene Difluoride (CH 2═CF 2): Selective β-F vs β-H Elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22713-22721. [PMID: 36469940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) constitute the newest generation of fluorocarbon refrigerants and foam-blowing agents due to their reduced global warming potential vs their saturated analogues. To identify new synthetic routes to HFOs, we show that reactions of bulky Ni(0) phosphine and -NHC complexes with vinylidene difluoride (VF2) afford μ-fluoro-1,1,3-trifluorobut-3-enyl Ni complexes. Moreover, addition of triisopropylsilane allows for reductive elimination of the reduced product─2,4,4-trifluoro-1-butene─demonstrating the Ni-catalyzed hydrodefluorodimerization of VF2. Accompanying DFT calculations identify the T-shaped nickelacyclopentane intermediate that spontaneously undergoes selective intramolecular β-F (vs β-H) elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J Sicard
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Behnaz Ghaffari
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bulat M Gabidullin
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Russell P Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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4
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Guo W, Hare SR, Chen SS, Saunders CM, Tantillo DJ. C-H Insertion in Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate-Catalyzed Reactions despite Dynamical Tendencies toward Fragmentation: Implications for Reaction Efficiency and Catalyst Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17219-17231. [PMID: 36098581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rh-catalyzed C-H insertion reactions to form β-lactones suffer from post-transition state bifurcations, with the same transition states leading to ketones and ketenes via fragmentation in addition to β-lactones. In such a circumstance, traditional transition state theory cannot predict product selectivity, so we employed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to do so and provide a framework for rationalizing the origins of said selectivity. Weak interactions between the catalyst and substrate were studied using energy decomposition and noncovalent interaction analyses, which unmasked an important role of the 2-bromophenyl substituent that has been used in multiple β-lactone-forming C-H insertion reactions. Small and large catalysts were shown to behave differently, with the latter providing a means of overcoming dynamically preferred fragmentation by lowering the barrier for the recombination of the product fragments in the grip of the large catalyst active site cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Stephanie R Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shu-Sen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carla M Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Seeman JI. Fifty Years of a Dispute. A Triptych: Why Woodward?**. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200150. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Seeman
- Department of Chemistry University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA
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6
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Tantillo DJ. Portable Models for Entropy Effects on Kinetic Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13996-14004. [PMID: 35895875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in entropies of competing transition states can direct kinetic selectivity. Understanding and modeling such entropy differences at the molecular level is complicated by the fact that entropy is statistical in nature; i.e., it depends on multiple vibrational states of transition structures, the existence of multiple dynamically accessible pathways past these transition structures, and contributions from multiple transition structures differing in conformation/configuration. The difficulties associated with modeling each of these contributors are discussed here, along with possible solutions, all with an eye toward the development of portable qualitative models of use to experimentalists aiming to design reactions that make use of entropy to control kinetic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Tremblay MT, Yang ZJ. The effect of zero‐point energy in simulating organic reactions with post‐transition state bifurcation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyue J. Yang
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
- Data Science Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
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8
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Wang X, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Wang W, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhang B, Tan RX, Ge HM, Yang ZJ, Liang Y. Influence of Water and Enzyme on the Post-Transition State Bifurcation of NgnD-Catalyzed Ambimodal [6+4]/[4+2] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21003-21009. [PMID: 34851644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme NgnD catalyzes an ambimodal cycloaddition that bifurcates to [6+4]- and [4+2]-adducts. Both products have been isolated in experiments, but it remains unknown how enzyme and water influence the bifurcation selectivity at the femtosecond time scale. Here, we study the impact of water and enzyme on the post-transition state bifurcation of NgnD-catalyzed [6+4]/[4+2] cycloaddition by integrating quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics quasiclassical dynamics simulations and biochemical assays. The ratio of [6+4]/[4+2] products significantly differs in the gas phase, water, and enzyme. Biochemical assays were employed to validate computational predictions. The study informs how water and enzyme affect the bifurcation selectivity through perturbation of the reaction dynamics in the femtosecond time scale, revealing the fundamental roles of condensed media in dynamically controlling the chemical selectivity for biosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaoyukun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongyue J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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The dynamical significance of valley-ridge inflection points. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Tantillo DJ, Laconsay CJ. Melding of Experiment and Theory Illuminates Mechanisms of Metal-Catalyzed Rearrangements: Computational Approaches and Caveats. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review summarizes approaches and caveats in computational modeling of transition-metal-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangements involving carbene transfer. We highlight contemporary examples of combined synthetic and theoretical investigations that showcase the synergy achievable by integrating experiment and theory.1 Introduction2 Mechanistic Models3 Theoretical Approaches and Caveats3.1 Recommended Computational Tools3.2 Choice of Functional and Basis Set3.3 Conformations and Ligand-Binding Modes3.4 Solvation4 Synergy of Experiment and Theory – Case Studies4.1 Metal-Bound or Free Ylides?4.2 Conformations and Ligand-Binding Modes of Paddlewheel Complexes4.3 No Metal, Just Light4.4 How To ‘Cope’ with Nonstatistical Dynamic Effects5 Outlook
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11
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Tantillo DJ. Dynamic effects on organic reactivity—Pathways to (and from) discomfort. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis Davis California USA
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12
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Feng Z, Tantillo DJ. Dynamic Effects on Migratory Aptitudes in Carbocation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1088-1097. [PMID: 33400509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbocation rearrangement reactions are of great significance to synthetic and biosynthetic chemistry. In pursuit of a scale of inherent migratory aptitude that takes into account dynamic effects, both uphill and downhill ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were used to examine competing migration events in a model system designed to remove steric and electronic biases. The results of these simulations were combined with detailed investigations of potential energy surface topography and variational transition state theory calculations to reveal the importance of nonstatistical dynamic effects on migratory aptitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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13
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Tantillo DJ. Beyond transition state theory—Non-statistical dynamic effects for organic reactions. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Bai M, Feng Z, Li J, Tantillo DJ. Bouncing off walls - widths of exit channels from shallow minima can dominate selectivity control. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9937-9944. [PMID: 34094255 PMCID: PMC8162169 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A selectivity model based on the widths of pathways to competing products, rather than barrier heights, is formulated for the butadiene + allyl cation reaction. This model was arrived at via analysis of stationary points, intrinsic reaction coordinates, potential energy surface shapes and direct dynamics trajectories, all determined using quantum chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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