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Wu H, Hemmingsen L, Sauer SPA. On the geometry dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of mercury in thiolate complexes: A relativistic density functional theory study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:648-669. [PMID: 38773942 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Thiolate containing mercury(II) complexes of the general formula [Hg(SR)n ]2 - n have been of great interest since the toxicity of mercury was recognized. 199Hg nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful tool for characterization of mercury complexes. In this work, the Hg shielding constants in a series of [Hg(SR)n ]2 - n complexes are therefore investigated computationally with particular emphasis on their geometry dependence. Geometry optimizations and NMR chemical shift calculations are performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level with both the zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) and four-component relativistic methods. The four exchange-correlation (XC) functionals PBE0, PBE, B3LYP, and BLYP are used in combination with either Dyall's Gaussian-type (GTO) or Slater-type orbitals (STOs) basis sets. Comparing ZORA and four-component calculations, one observes that the calculated shielding constants for a given molecular geometry have a constant difference of ∼ 1070 ppm. This confirms that ZORA is an acceptable relativistic method to compute NMR chemical shifts. The combinations of four-component/PBE0/v3z and ZORA/PBE0/QZ4P are applied to explore the geometry dependence of the isotropic shielding. For a given coordination number, the distance between mercury and sulfur is the key factor affecting the shielding constant, while changes in bond and dihedral angles and even different side groups have relatively little impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haide Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Ma J, Qi S, Yan G, Kirillov AM, Yang L, Fang R. DFT Study on the Mechanisms and Selectivities in Rh (III)-Catalyzed [5 + 1] Annulation of 2-Alkenylanilides and 2-Alkylphenols with Allenyl Acetates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8562-8577. [PMID: 38847049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms and regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity were theoretically investigated in the Rh(III)-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation of 2-alkenylanilides and 2-alkylphenols with allenyl acetates. Two different reactants, 2-alkenylanilides and 2-alkylphenols, were selected as model systems in the density functional theory calculations. The obtained theoretical results show that both these reactants exhibit similar steps, namely, (1) N-H/O-H deprotonation and C-H activation, (2) allenyl acetate migratory insertion, (3) β-oxygen elimination, (4) intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the nitrogen/oxygen-rhodium bond resulting in [5 + 1]-annulation, and (5) protonation with the formation of the desired product and regeneration of the Rh(III) catalyst. The theoretical evidence suggests that the selectivity is determined at the step of allenyl acetate's migratory insertion. Moreover, the regioselectivity is driven by electronic effects, while the interaction energies (C-H···π and C-H···O interactions) play a more imperative role in controlling the stereoselectivity. The obtained theoretical results not only well rationalize the experimental observations but also provide important mechanistic insights for related types of [5 + 1]-annulation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Alexander M Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Lizi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ran Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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Jessen LM, Sauer SPA. On the performance of HRPA(D) for NMR spin-spin coupling constants: Smaller molecules, aromatic and fluoroaromatic compounds. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:064102. [PMID: 38341775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the performance of the doubles-corrected higher random-phase approximation [HRPA(D)] has been investigated in calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) for 58 molecules with the experimental values used as the reference values. HRPA(D) is an approximation to the second-order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and is, therefore, computationally less expensive than SOPPA. HRPA(D) performs comparable and sometimes even better than SOPPA, and therefore, when calculating SSCCs, it should be considered as an alternative to SOPPA. Furthermore, it was investigated whether a coupled-cluster singles, doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] or Møller-Plesset second order (MP2) geometry optimization was optimal for a SOPPA and a HRPA(D) SSCC calculation for eight smaller molecules. CCSD(T) is the optimal geometry optimization for the SOPPA calculation, and MP2 was optimal for HRPA(D) SSCC calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Møller Jessen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Gleeson R, Aggelund PA, Østergaard FC, Schaltz KF, Sauer SPA. Exploring Alternate Methods for the Calculation of High-Level Vibrational Corrections of NMR Spin-Spin Coupling Constants. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38299500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations typically treat systems with a Born-Oppenheimer-derived electronic wave function that is solved for a fixed nuclear geometry. One can numerically account for this neglected nuclear motion by averaging over property values for all nuclear geometries with a vibrational wave function and adding this expectation value as a correction to an equilibrium geometry property value. Presented are benchmark coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) vibrational corrections to spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) computed at the level of vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) using the vibrational averaging driver of the CFOUR program. As CCSD calculations of vibrational corrections are very costly, cheaper electronic structure methods are explored via a newly developed Python vibrational averaging program within the Dalton Project. Namely, results obtained with the second-order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP and PBE0 exchange-correlation functionals are compared to the benchmark CCSD//CCSD(T) and experimental values. CCSD//CCSD(T) corrections are also combined with literature CC3 equilibrium geometry values to form the highest-order vibrationally corrected values available (i.e., CC3//CCSD(T) + CCSD//CCSD(T)). CCSD//CCSD(T) statistics showed favorable statistics in comparison to experimental values, albeit at an unfavorably high computational cost. A cheaper CCSD//CCSD(T) + B3LYP method showed quite similar mean absolute deviation (MAD) values as CCSD//CCSD(T), concluding that CCSD//CCSD(T) + B3LYP is optimal in terms of cost and accuracy. With reference to experimental values, a vibrational correction was not worth the cost for all of the other methods tested. Finally, deviation statistics showed that CC3//CCSD(T) + CCSD//CCSD(T) vibrational-corrected equilibrium values deteriorated in comparison to CCSD//CCSD(T) attributed to the use of a smaller basis set or lack of solvation effects for the CC3 equilibrium calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Gleeson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick A Aggelund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper F Schaltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ukhanev SA, Fedorov SV, Rusakov YY, Rusakova IL, Krivdin LB. Computational protocols for the 19F NMR parameters. Part 2: Fluorobenzenes. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Rusakova IL, Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB. Computational 199 Hg NMR. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:929-953. [PMID: 35737297 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical background and fundamental results dealing with the computation of mercury chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants are reviewed with a special emphasis on their stereochemical behavior and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Rusakova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy Yu Rusakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Leonid B Krivdin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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Ukhanev SA, Fedorov SV, Rusakov YY, Rusakova IL, Krivdin LB. Fluorine spin-spin coupling constants of pentafluorobenzene revisited at the ab initio correlated levels. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:901-914. [PMID: 35470458 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All possible spin-spin coupling constants, 19 F-19 F, 19 F-13 C, and 19 F-1 H, of pentafluorobenzene were calculated at five different levels of theory, HF, DFT, SOPPA (CCSD), CCSD, and the SOPPA (CCSD)-based composite scheme with taking into account solvent, vibrational, relativistic, and correlation corrections. Most corrections were next to negligible for the long-range couplings but quite essential for the one-bond carbon-fluorine coupling constants. Hartree-Fock calculations were found to be entirely unreliable, while DFT results were comparable in accuracy with the data obtained using the wave function-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan A Ukhanev
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Sergei V Fedorov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy Y Rusakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Irina L Rusakova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Leonid B Krivdin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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Quantum Chemical Approaches to the Calculation of NMR Parameters: From Fundamentals to Recent Advances. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods for the calculation of indirect NMR spin–spin coupling constants and chemical shifts are always in progress. They never stay the same due to permanently developing computational facilities, which open new perspectives and create new challenges every now and then. This review starts from the fundamentals of the nonrelativistic and relativistic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance parameters, and gradually moves towards the discussion of the most popular common and newly developed methodologies for quantum chemical modeling of NMR spectra.
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Yu C, Piscelli BA, Maharik NA, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cormanich RA, O'Hagan D. Unexpected triaxial preferences in some all- syn 1,3,5-trifluorocyclohexanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12855-12858. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theory and solution NMR indicate that all-syn 1,3,5-trifluorocyclohexane adopts the expected tri-equatorial conformation, however in the solid state the more polar triaxial conformation is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Yu
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Bruno A. Piscelli
- University of Campinas, Chemistry Institute, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Nawaf Al Maharik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - David B. Cordes
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Rodrigo A. Cormanich
- University of Campinas, Chemistry Institute, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - David O'Hagan
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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