1
|
Wujieti B, Feng X, Liu E, Li D, Hao M, Zhou L, Cui W. A theoretical study on the activity and selectivity of IDO/TDO inhibitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16747-16764. [PMID: 38818624 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolic enzyme along the kynurenine (NFK) pathway. Under pathological conditions, IDO overexpressed by tumor cells causes depletion of tryptophan and the accumulation of metabolic products, which inhibit the local immune response and form immune escape. Therefore, the suppression of IDO activity is one of the strategies for tumor immunotherapy, and drug design for this target has been the focus of research for more than two decades. Apart from IDO, tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) of the same family can also catalyze the same biochemical reaction in the human body, but it has different tissue distribution and substrate selectivity from IDO. Based on the principle of drug design with high potency and low cross-reactivity to specific targets, in this subject, the activity and selectivity of IDO and TDO toward small molecular inhibitors were studied from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics. The aim was to elucidate the structural requirements for achieving favorable biological activity and selectivity of IDO and TDO inhibitors. Specifically, the interactions of inhibitors from eight families with IDO and TDO were initially investigated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and the thermodynamic data for binding of inhibitors were predicted by the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method. Secondly, we explored the free energy landscape of JKloops, the kinetic control element of IDO/TDO, using temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics (T-REMD) simulations and elucidated the connection between the rules of IDO/TDO conformational changes and the inhibitor selectivity mechanism. Furthermore, the binding and dissociation processes of the C1 inhibitor (NLG919) were simulated by the adaptive steering molecular dynamics (ASMD) method, which not only addressed the possible stable, metastable, and transition states for C1 inhibitor-IDO/TDO interactions, but also accurately predicted kinetic data for C1 inhibitor binding and dissociation. In conclusion, we have constructed a complete process from enzyme (IDO/TDO) conformational activation to inhibitor binding/dissociation and used the thermodynamic and kinetic data of each link as clues to verify the control mechanism of IDO/TDO on inhibitor selectivity. This is of great significance for us to understand the design principles of tumor immunotherapy drugs and to avoid drug resistance of immunotherapy drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baerlike Wujieti
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinping Feng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Erxia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Deqing Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mingtian Hao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Luqi Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuang Y, Quirk S, Stover ER, Bureau HR, Allen CR, Hernandez R. Tertiary Plasticity Drives the Efficiency of Enterocin 7B Interactions with Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2100-2113. [PMID: 38412510 PMCID: PMC10926100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of antimicrobial peptides to efficiently kill their bacterial targets depends on the efficiency of their binding to the microbial membrane. In the case of enterocins, there is a three-part interaction: initial binding, unpacking of helices on the membrane surface, and permeation of the lipid bilayer. Helical unpacking is driven by disruption of the peptide hydrophobic core when in contact with membranes. Enterocin 7B is a leaderless enterocin antimicrobial peptide produced from Enterococcus faecalis that functions alone, or with its cognate partner enterocin 7A, to efficiently kill a wide variety of Gram-stain positive bacteria. To better characterize the role that tertiary structural plasticity plays in the ability of enterocin 7B to interact with the membranes, a series of arginine single-site mutants were constructed that destabilize the hydrophobic core to varying degrees. A series of experimental measures of structure, stability, and function, including CD spectra, far UV CD melting profiles, minimal inhibitory concentrations analysis, and release kinetics of calcein, show that decreased stabilization of the hydrophobic core is correlated with increased efficiency of a peptide to permeate membranes and in killing bacteria. Finally, using the computational technique of adaptive steered molecular dynamics, we found that the atomistic/energetic landscape of peptide mechanical unfolding leads to free energy differences between the wild type and its mutants, whose trends correlate well with our experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Stephen Quirk
- Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia 30076-2199, United States
| | - Erica R Stover
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hailey R Bureau
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Caley R Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabu G, De S. Be 2+ Causes Hypersensitivity but Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ Do Not─Favorable Metal Coordination Is the Key for Differential Allosteric Modulation and Binding Affinities. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10326-10337. [PMID: 38010277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the ion selectivity of metalloproteins has been well established, selective metal antigen recognition by immunoproteins remains elusive. One such case is the recognition of the Be2+ ion against its heavier congeners, Mg2+ and Ca2+, by the human leukocyte antigen immunoprotein (HLA-DP2), leading to immunotoxicity. Integrating with our previous mechanistic study on Be2+ toxicity, herein, we have explored the basis of characteristic nontoxicity of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions despite their in vivo abundance. The ion binding cleft of the HLA-DP2-peptide complex is composed of four acidic residues, p4D and p7E from the peptide and β26E and β69E from the protein. While the tetrahedral coordination site of the smaller Be2+ ion is located deep inside the cavity, hexa- to octa-coordination sites of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions are located closer to the protein surface. The intrinsic high coordination number of Mg2+/Ca2+ ions induces allosteric modifications on the HLA-DP2_M2 surface, which are atypical for TCR recognition. Furthermore, the lower binding energy of larger Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions with the cavity residues can be correlated to the lower charge density and reduced covalent bonding nature as compared to those of the smaller Be2+ ion. In short, weak binding of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions and the unfavorable allosteric surface modifications are probably the major determinants for the absence of Mg2+/Ca2+ ion-mediated hypersensitivity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Sabu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Thrikakkara, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673 635, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moses K, Van Tassel PR. Polyelectrolyte Influence on Beta-Hairpin Peptide Stability: A Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:359-370. [PMID: 36574611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of proteins and charged macromolecules (polyelectrolytes) find important applications as pharmaceutical formulations, biocatalysts, and cell-contacting substrates. A key question is how the polymer component influences the structure and function of the protein. The present paper addresses the influence of charged polymers on the thermal stability of two model beta-hairpin-forming peptides through an all-atom, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. The (negatively charged) peptides consist of the terminal 16 amino acids of the B1 domain of Protein G (GB1) and a variant with three of the GB1 residues substituted with tryptophan (Tryptophan Zipper 4, or TZ4). A (cationic) lysine polymer is seen to thermally stabilize TZ4 and destabilize GB1, while a (also cationic) chitosan polymer slightly stabilizes GB1 but has essentially no effect on TZ4. Free energy profiles reveal folded and unfolded conformations to be separated by kinetic barriers generally acting in the direction of the thermodynamically favored state. Through application of an Ising-like statistical mechanical model, a mechanism is proposed based on competition between (indirect) entropic stabilization of folded versus unfolded states and (direct) competition for hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. These findings have important implications to the design of polyelectrolyte-based materials for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moses
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Paul R Van Tassel
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iida S, Tomoshi K. Free energy and kinetic rate calculation via non-equilibrium molecular simulation: application to biomolecules. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1303-1314. [PMID: 36659997 PMCID: PMC9842846 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation has been recognized as a powerful tool for examining biomolecules and provides fruitful insights into not only non-equilibrium but also equilibrium processes. We review recent advances in NEMD simulation and relevant, fundamental results of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We first introduce Crooks fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski equality that relate free energy difference to work done on a physical system during a non-equilibrium process. The theorems are beneficial for the analysis of NEMD trajectories. We then describe rate theory, a framework to calculate molecular kinetics from a non-equilibrium process; this theoretical framework enables us to calculate a reaction time-mean-first passage time-from NEMD trajectories. We, in turn, present recent NEMD techniques that apply an external force to a system to enhance molecular dissociation and introduce their application to biomolecules. Lastly, we show the current status of an appropriate selection of reaction coordinates for NEMD simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Iida
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-0064 Japan
| | - Kameda Tomoshi
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-0064 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Allen C, Bureau HR, McGee TD, Quirk S, Hernandez R. Benchmarking Adaptive Steered Molecular Dynamics (ASMD) on CHARMM Force Fields. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200175. [PMID: 35594194 PMCID: PMC9543079 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potentials of mean force (PMFs) along the end‐to‐end distance of two different helical peptides have been obtained and benchmarked using the adaptive steered molecular dynamics (ASMD) method. The results depend strongly on the choice of force field driving the underlying all‐atom molecular dynamics, and are reported with respect to the three most popular CHARMM force field versions: c22, c27 and c36. Two small peptides, ALA10
and 1PEF, serve as the particular case studies. The comparisons between the versions of the CHARMM force fields provides both a qualitative and quantitative look at their performance in forced unfolding simulations in which peptides undergo large changes in structural conformations. We find that ASMD with the underlying c36 force field provides the most robust results for the selected benchmark peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caley Allen
- Johns Hopkins University Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Hailey R Bureau
- Johns Hopkins University Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Johns Hopkins University - Homewood Campus: Johns Hopkins University, Chemistry, 3400 N Charles St, 21218, Baltimore, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie H, Gunawardana VWL, Finnegan TJ, Xie W, Badjić JD. Picking on Carbonate: Kinetic Selectivity in the Encapsulation of Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116518. [PMID: 35038355 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hosts bind to inorganic anions at a fast rate and select them in proportion with thermodynamic stability of the corresponding [anion⊂host] complexes, forming in a reversible manner. In this study, we describe the action of hexapodal capsule 1 and its remarkable ability to select anions based on a large span of rates by which they enter this host. The thermodynamic affinity of 1 toward eighteen anions extends over eight orders of magnitude (0<Ka <108 M-1 ; 1 H NMR spectroscopy). The capsule would retain CO3 2- (Ka =107 M-1 ) for hours in the presence of eleven competing anions, including stronger binding SO4 2- , HAsO4 2- and HPO4 2- (Ka =107 -108 M-1 ). The observed selection resulted from 1 possessing narrow apertures (ca. 3×6 Å) comparable in size to anions (d=3.5-7.1 Å) slowing down the encapsulation to last from seconds to days. The unorthodox mode of action of 1 sets the stage for creating hosts that pick anions by their ability to access the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Tyler J Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William Xie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Badjic JD, Xie H, Gunawardana VWL, Finnegan TJ, Xie W, Badjić JD. Picking on Carbonate: Kinetic Selectivity in the Encapsulation of Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovica D Badjic
- Ohio State University Department of Chemistry 100 W. 18th Avenue 43210 Columbus UNITED STATES
| | - Han Xie
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - William Xie
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhuang Y, Bureau HR, Lopez C, Bucher R, Quirk S, Hernandez R. Energetics and structure of alanine-rich α-helices via adaptive steered molecular dynamics. Biophys J 2021; 120:2009-2018. [PMID: 33775636 PMCID: PMC8204395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The energetics and hydrogen bonding profiles of the helix-to-coil transition were found to be an additive property and to increase linearly with chain length, respectively, in alanine-rich α-helical peptides. A model system of polyalanine repeats was used to establish this hypothesis for the energetic trends and hydrogen bonding profiles. Numerical measurements of a synthesized polypeptide Ac-Y(AEAAKA)kF-NH2 and a natural α-helical peptide a2N (1-17) provide evidence of the hypothesis's generality. Adaptive steered molecular dynamics was employed to investigate the mechanical unfolding of all of these alanine-rich polypeptides. We found that the helix-to-coil transition is primarily dependent on the breaking of the intramolecular backbone hydrogen bonds and independent of specific side-chain interactions and chain length. The mechanical unfolding of the α-helical peptides results in a turnover mechanism in which a 310-helical structure forms during the unfolding, remaining at a near constant population and thereby maintaining additivity in the free energy. The intermediate partially unfolded structures exhibited polyproline II helical structure as previously seen by others. In summary, we found that the average force required to pull alanine-rich α-helical peptides in between the endpoints-namely the native structure and free coil-is nearly independent of the length or the specific primary structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hailey R Bureau
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han D, Wang H, Wujieti B, Zhang B, Cui W, Chen BZ. Insight into the drug resistance mechanisms of GS-9669 caused by mutations of HCV NS5B polymerase via molecular simulation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2761-2774. [PMID: 34093991 PMCID: PMC8134009 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GS-9669 is a non-nucleos(t)ide inhibitor (NNI) binding to the thumb site II of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase and has advanced into phase II trials. To clarify the drug resistance mechanisms of GS-9669 caused by M423T/I/V, L419M, R422K, and I482L mutations of NS5B polymerase (GT1b) and the receptor-ligand interactions during the binding process, a series of molecular simulation methods including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and adaptive steered molecular dynamics (ASMD) simulations were performed for the wild-type (WT) and six mutant NS5B/GS-9669 complexes. The calculated results indicate that the binding free energies of the mutant systems are less negative than that of the WT system, indicating that these mutations will indeed cause NS5B to produce different degrees of resistance to GS-9669. The mutation-induced drug resistances are mainly caused by the loss of binding affinities of Leu419 and Trp528 with GS-9669 or the formation of multiple solvent bridges. Moreover, the ASMD calculations show that GS-9669 binds to the thumb II sites of the seven NS5B polymerases in distinct pathways without any obvious energy barriers. Although the recognition methods and binding pathways are distinct, the binding processes of GS-9669 with the WT and mutant NS5B polymerases are basically controlled thermodynamically. This study clearly reveals the resistance mechanisms of GS-9669 caused by M423T/I/V, L419M, R422K, and I482L mutations of HCV NS5B polymerase and provides some valuable clues for further optimization and design of novel NS5B inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Baerlike Wujieti
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo-Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhuang Y, Bureau HR, Quirk S, Hernandez R. Adaptive steered molecular dynamics of biomolecules. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1807542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hailey R. Bureau
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bureau HR, Quirk S, Hernandez R. The relative stability of trpzip1 and its mutants determined by computation and experiment. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6520-6535. [PMID: 35495997 PMCID: PMC9049704 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00920b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-point mutations of tprzip1 are indicated at left, and their relative energetics are compared at right.
Collapse
|
13
|
Adhikari S, Leissa JA, Karlsson AJ. Beyond function: Engineering improved peptides for therapeutic applications. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayanee Adhikari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland
| | - Jesse A. Leissa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland
| | - Amy J. Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Zheng QC. What are the effects of the serine triad on proton conduction of an influenza B M2 channel? An investigation by molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8820-8826. [PMID: 30968902 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tetrameric influenza B M2 channel (BM2), an acid activated proton channel, is important in the influenza virus B lifecycle. A conserved HxxxW motif is responsible for proton conduction and channel gating. In this study, to explore the effects of the serine triad (S9, S12 and S16) on proton conduction, we performed classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations and adaptive steered molecular dynamics (ASMD) simulations at different protonation states of the H19 tetrad. The results of the pore radius and the C-terminal tilt angle show that the electrostatic repulsion induced by protonated H19 is the key driving force for opening the BM2 channel. The open states could be stabilized by the hydrogen bonds between S16 and protonated H19. The solvent accessible surface area and water density indicate that the polar hydrophilic environment provided by the serine triad facilitates the formation of a water wire, and then exhibits favourable effects on proton conduction. The mutant research verifies and supports these views. Our work clarifies the effects of the serine triad on proton conduction in the BM2 channel, which would help us deeply understand the proton conduction mechanism in BM2 and provides a new perspective for antiviral drug design against BM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu J, Li Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Liu Y, Tong Y, Han W. Adaptive Steered Molecular Dynamics Combined With Protein Structure Networks Revealing the Mechanism of Y68I/G109P Mutations That Enhance the Catalytic Activity of D-psicose 3-Epimerase From Clostridium Bolteae. Front Chem 2018; 6:437. [PMID: 30320068 PMCID: PMC6166005 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarcity, richness, and other important physiological functions of D-psicose make it crucial to increase the yield of D-psicose. The production of D-psicose can be accomplished by D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) from Clostridium bolteae (CbDPEase) catalyzing the substrate D-fructose. Although the catalytic efficiency of the CbDPEase has been raised via using the site-directed mutagenesis (Y68I/G109P) technique, structure-activity relationship in the wild-type CbDPEase and Y68I/G109P mutant is currently poorly understood. In our study, a battery of molecular modeling methods [homology modeling, adaptive steered molecular dynamics (ASMD) simulations, and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GB/SA)], combined with protein structure networks, were employed to theoretically characterize the reasons for the differences in the abilities of the D-fructose catalyzed by the wild-type CbDPEase and Y68I/G109P mutant. Protein structure networks demonstrated that site-directed mutagenesis enhanced the connectivity between D-fructose and CbDPEase, leading to the increased catalytic efficiency mediated by the functional residues with high betweenness. During the dissociation of the D-fructose from the Y68I/G109P mutant, planes of benzene rings of F248 and W114 could be continuously parallel to the stretching direction of D-fructose. It made the tunnel have an open state and resulted in the stable donor-π interactions between D-fructose and the benzene rings around 18Å. The stronger substrate-protein interactions were detected in the Y68I/G109P mutant, instead of in the wild-type CbDPEase, which were consistent with the binding free energy and Potential Mean of Force (PMF) results. The theoretical results illustrated the reasons that Y68I/G109P mutations increased the catalytic efficiency of CbDPEase and could be provided the new clue for further DPEase engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Li
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Tong
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quirk S, Hopkins MM, Bureau H, Lusk RJ, Allen C, Hernandez R, Bain DL. Mutational Analysis of Neuropeptide Y Reveals Unusual Thermal Stability Linked to Higher-Order Self-Association. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2141-2154. [PMID: 29619413 PMCID: PMC5876621 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-residue peptide, abundant in the central and peripheral nervous system. The peptide interacts with membrane-bound receptors to control processes such as food intake, vasoconstriction, and memory retention. The N-terminal polyproline sequence of NPY folds back onto a C-terminal α-helix to form a hairpin structure. The hairpin undergoes transient unfolding to allow the monomer to interact with its target membranes and receptors and to form reversible dimers in solution. Using computational, functional, and biophysical approaches, we characterized the role of two conserved tyrosines (Y20 and Y27) located within the hydrophobic core of the hairpin fold. Successive mutation of the tyrosines to more hydrophobic phenylalanines increased the thermal stability of NPY and reduced functional activity, consistent with computational studies predicting a more stable hairpin structure. However, mutant stability was high relative to wild-type: melting temperatures increased by approximately 20 °C for the single mutants (Y20F and Y27F) and by 30 °C for the double mutant (Y20F + Y27F). These findings suggested that the mutations were not just simply enhancing hairpin structure stability, but might also be driving self-association to dimer. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, we determined that the mutations indeed increased self-association, but shifted the equilibrium toward hexamer-like species. Notably, these latter species were not unique to the NPY mutants, but were found to preexist at low levels in the wild-type population. Collectively, the findings indicate that NPY self-association is more complex than previously recognized and that the ensemble of NPY quaternary states is tunable by modulating hairpin hydrophobicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Quirk
- Archeus
Bioscience, 7094 Peachtree
Industrial Blvd., Norcross, Georgia 30071, United
States
| | - Mandi M. Hopkins
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E Montview Blvd., Aurora, Colorado 80045, United
States
| | - Hailey Bureau
- Center
for Computational and Molecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ryan J. Lusk
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E Montview Blvd., Aurora, Colorado 80045, United
States
| | - Caley Allen
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Center
for Computational and Molecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David L. Bain
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E Montview Blvd., Aurora, Colorado 80045, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan JR, Li H, Zhang HX, Zheng QC. Exploring the structure characteristics and major channels of cytochrome P450 2A6, 2A13, and 2E1 with pilocarpine. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23108. [PMID: 29484634 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cytochromes P450 play a critical role in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates, some of its products are carcinogens. Therefore, inhibition of P450 enzymes activity can promote the detoxification and elimination of chemical carcinogens. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and adaptive steered molecular dynamics (ASMD) simulations were performed to explore the structure features and channel dynamics of three P450 isoforms 2A6, 2A13, and 2E1 bound with the common inhibitor pilocarpine. The binding free energy results combined with the PMF calculations give a reasonable ranking of binding affinity, which are consistent with the experimental data. Our results uncover how a sequence divergence of different CYP2 enzymes causes individual variations in major channel selections. On the basis of channel bottleneck and energy decomposition analysis, we propose a gating mechanism of their respective major channels in three enzymes, which may be attributed to a reversal of Phe209 in CYP2A6/2A13, as well as the rotation of Phe116 and Phe298 in CYP2E1. The hydrophobic residues not only make strong hydrophobic interactions with inhibitor, but also act as gatekeeper to regulate the opening of channel. The present study provides important insights into the structure-function relationships of three cytochrome P450s and the molecular basis for development of potent inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rong Fan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Chuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun DR, Zheng QC, Zhang HX. Molecular dynamics investigation of stereoselective inhibition mechanism of HIF-2α/ARNT heterodimer. J Mol Recognit 2017; 31. [PMID: 28990233 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are heterodimeric transcription factors related with the onset and progression of solid tumors. Studies demonstrated a class of tetrazole containing chiral inhibitors could stereoselectively disrupt the HIF-2 dimerization and reduce the target gene expression. However, the dynamical features and structural motifs of the HIF-2 heterodimer caused by the binding of enantiomers have not been rationalized at the atomistic level. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with adaptive steered MD (ASMD) simulations were used to investigate stereoselective interrupting mechanism of HIF-2. Our results decipher that the binding of ligand A (S, R)-24 begets the significant conformation changes of β-sheets and interrupts the HIF-2α/ARNT heterodimerization, which may be attributed to the disruption of the hydrogen bond and salt bridge interactions formed by the 4 foremost residues (Asp240, Arg247, Glu362, and Arg366) and the destruction of hydrophobic interactions on the binding interface. By contrast, the binding of ligand B (R, S)-24 does not disrupt protein dimerization and causes the motion of Fα helix in HIF-2α PAS-B domain to further change the major tunnel for ligand ingress and engress. The present work provides important molecular-level insight into the effect of the binding enantiomers on HIF-2 heterodimerization and bridges the gap between theory and the experimental results, which may conduce to develop highly potent antagonists for intervening the HIF-2-driven tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ru Sun
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular dynamics simulation reveals how phosphorylation of tyrosine 26 of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 upregulates glycolysis and promotes tumor growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12093-12107. [PMID: 28076845 PMCID: PMC5355328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) catalyzes the eighth step of glycolysis and is often found upregulated in cancer cells. To test the hypothesis that the phosphorylation of tyrosine 26 residue of PGAM1 greatly enhances its activity, we performed both conventional and steered molecular dynamics simulations on the binding and unbinding of PGAM1 to its substrates, with tyrosine 26 either phosphorylated or not. We analyzed the simulated data in terms of structural stability, hydrogen bond formation, binding free energy, etc. We found that tyrosine 26 phosphorylation enhances the binding of PGAM1 to its substrates through generating electrostatic environment and structural features that are advantageous to the binding. Our results may provide valuable insights into computer-aided design of drugs that specifically target cancer cells with PGAM1 tyrosine 26 phosphorylated.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bermudez M, Mortier J, Rakers C, Sydow D, Wolber G. More than a look into a crystal ball: protein structure elucidation guided by molecular dynamics simulations. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1799-1805. [PMID: 27417339 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The 'form follows function' principle implies that a structural determination of protein structures is indispensable to understand proteins in their biological roles. However, experimental methods still show shortcomings in the description of the dynamic properties of proteins. Therefore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations represent an essential tool for structural biology to investigate proteins as flexible and dynamic entities. Here, we will give an overview on the impact of MD simulations on structural investigations, including studies that aim at a prediction of protein-folding pathways, protein-assembly processes and the sampling of conformational space by computational means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jeremie Mortier
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Rakers
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Sydow
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|