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Wang X, Wang S, Wang J, Yin S. Reverse Designing the Wavelength-Specific Thermally Activation Delayed Fluorescent Molecules Using a Genetic Algorithm Coupled with Cheap QM Methods. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37418642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization coupled with the semiempirical intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO)/CIS method is presented to inversely design the red thermally activation delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules. According to the predefined donor-acceptor (DA) library to build an ADn-type TADF candidate, we utilized the chemical notation language SMILES code to generate a TADF molecule and apply the RDKit program to produce the initial 3D molecular structure. A combined fitness function is proposed to evaluate the performance of the functional-lead TADF molecule. The fitness function includes three key parameters, i.e., the emission wavelength, the energy gap (ΔEST) between the lowest singlet (S1)- and triplet (T1)-excited states, and the oscillator strengths for electron transition from S0 and S1. A cheap QM method, i.e., INDO/CIS, on the basis of an xTB-optimized molecular geometry is applied to quickly calculate the fitness function. Finally, the GA approach is utilized to globally search for the wavelength-specific TADF molecules under our predefined DA library, and the optimum 630 nm red and 660 nm deep red TADF molecules are inversely designed according to the evolution of molecular fitness functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Shiwei Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
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2
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de Sousa LE, de Silva P. Diabatic Decomposition Perspective on the Role of Charge Transfer and Local Excitations in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5459-5470. [PMID: 36007256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is a phenomenon that relies on the upconversion of triplet excitons to singlet excitons by means of reverse intersystem crossing (rISC). It has been shown both experimentally and theoretically that the TADF mechanism depends on the interplay between charge transfer and local excitations. However, the difference between the diabatic and adiabatic character of the involved excited states is rarely discussed in the literature. Here we develop a diabatization procedure to implement a four-state model Hamiltonian to a set of TADF molecules. We provide physical interpretations of the Hamiltonian elements and show their dependence on the electronic state of the equilibrium geometry. We also demonstrate how vibrations affect the TADF efficiency by modifying the diabatic decomposition of the molecule. Finally, we provide a simple model that connects the diabatic Hamiltonian to the electronic properties relevant to TADF and show how this relationship translates into different optimization strategies for rISC, fluorescence, and overall TADF performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Evaristo de Sousa
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 301, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr de Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 301, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Nottoli M, Mazzeo P, Lipparini F, Cupellini L, Mennucci B. A ΔSCF model for excited states within a polarisable embedding. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2089605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nottoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Vandaele E, Mališ M, Luber S. The ΔSCF method for non-adiabatic dynamics of systems in the liquid phase. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:130901. [PMID: 35395890 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational studies of ultrafast photoinduced processes give valuable insights into the photochemical mechanisms of a broad range of compounds. In order to accurately reproduce, interpret, and predict experimental results, which are typically obtained in a condensed phase, it is indispensable to include the condensed phase environment in the computational model. However, most studies are still performed in vacuum due to the high computational cost of state-of-the-art non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations. The quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) solvation method has been a popular model to perform photodynamics in the liquid phase. Nevertheless, the currently used QM/MM embedding techniques cannot sufficiently capture all solute-solvent interactions. In this Perspective, we will discuss the efficient ΔSCF electronic structure method and its applications with respect to the NAMD of solvated compounds, with a particular focus on explicit quantum mechanical solvation. As more research is required for this method to reach its full potential, some challenges and possible directions for future research are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vandaele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Momir Mališ
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Corzo HH, Abou Taka A, Pribram-Jones A, Hratchian HP. Using projection operators with maximum overlap methods to simplify challenging self-consistent field optimization. J Comput Chem 2021; 43:382-390. [PMID: 34936117 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Maximum overlap methods are effective tools for optimizing challenging ground- and excited-state wave functions using self-consistent field models such as Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham density functional theory. Nevertheless, such models have shown significant sensitivity to the user-defined initial guess of the target wave function. In this work, a projection operator framework is defined and used to provide a metric for non-aufbau orbital selection in maximum-overlap-methods. The resulting algorithms, termed the Projection-based Maximum Overlap Method (PMOM) and Projection-based Initial Maximum Overlap Method (PIMOM), are shown to perform exceptionally well when using simple user-defined target solutions based on occupied/virtual molecular orbital permutations. This work also presents a new metric that provides a simple and conceptually convenient measure of agreement between the desired target and the current or final SCF results during a calculation employing a maximum-overlap method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Corzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Ali Abou Taka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Aurora Pribram-Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Hrant P Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California, USA
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6
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Levi G, Ivanov AV, Jónsson H. Variational Density Functional Calculations of Excited States via Direct Optimization. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6968-6982. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Aleksei V. Ivanov
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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7
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Jiang H, Zimmerman PM. Charge transfer via spin flip configuration interaction: Benchmarks and application to singlet fission. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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8
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Levi G, Ivanov AV, Jónsson H. Variational calculations of excited states via direct optimization of the orbitals in DFT. Faraday Discuss 2020; 224:448-466. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A direct optimization method for obtaining excited electronic states using density functionals is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
| | - Aleksei V. Ivanov
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 199034 Saint Petersburg
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
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9
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Han G, Yi Y. Origin of Photocurrent and Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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10
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Cupellini L, Caprasecca S, Guido CA, Müh F, Renger T, Mennucci B. Coupling to Charge Transfer States is the Key to Modulate the Optical Bands for Efficient Light Harvesting in Purple Bacteria. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6892-6899. [PMID: 30449098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus of purple bacteria uses exciton delocalization and static disorder to modulate the position and broadening of its absorption bands, leading to efficient light harvesting. Its main antenna complex, LH2, contains two rings of identical bacteriochlorophyll pigments, B800 and B850, absorbing at 800 and 850 nm, respectively. It has been an unsolved problem why static disorder of the strongly coupled B850 ring is several times larger than that of the B800 ring. Here we show that mixing between excitons and charge transfer states in the B850 ring is responsible for the effect. The linear absorption spectrum of the LH2 system is simulated by using a multiscale approach with an exciton Hamiltonian generalized to include the charge transfer states that involve adjacent pigment pairs, with static disorder modeled microscopically by molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that sufficient inhomogeneous broadening of the B850 band, needed for efficient light harvesting, is only obtained by utilizing static disorder in the coupling between local excited and interpigment charge transfer states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , University of Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Stefano Caprasecca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , University of Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Ciro A Guido
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , University of Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Frank Müh
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Department of Theoretical Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenberger Strasse 69 , 4040 Linz , Austria
| | - Thomas Renger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Department of Theoretical Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenberger Strasse 69 , 4040 Linz , Austria
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , University of Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
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11
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Jiang S, Xie Y, Lan Z. The role of the charge-transfer states in the ultrafast excitonic dynamics of the DTDCTB dimers embedded in a crystal environment. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Xie Y, Jiang S, Zheng J, Lan Z. Construction of Vibronic Diabatic Hamiltonian for Excited-State Electron and Energy Transfer Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9567-9578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengshi Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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