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Gabbani A, Taddeucci A, Bertuolo M, Pineider F, Aronica LA, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G, Zinna F. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Elucidates Molecular Interactions in Aggregated Chiral Organic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313315. [PMID: 37962845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials formed by aggregated organic compounds play a fundamental role in chiral optoelectronics, photonics and spintronics. Nonetheless, a precise understanding of the molecular interactions involved remains an open problem. Here we introduce magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) as a new tool to elucidate molecular interactions and structural parameters of a supramolecular system. A detailed analysis of MCD together with electronic circular dichroism spectra combined to ab initio calculations unveils essential information on the geometry and energy levels of a self-assembled thin film made of a carbazole di-bithiophene chiral molecule. This approach can be extended to a generality of chiral organic materials and can help rationalizing the fundamental interactions leading to supramolecular order. This in turn could enable a better understanding of structure-property relationships, resulting in a more efficient material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gabbani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Current affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd., Fermi Avenue, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Marco Bertuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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3
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Folmsbee D, Koes DR, Hutchison GR. Systematic Comparison of Experimental Crystallographic Geometries and Gas-Phase Computed Conformers for Torsion Preferences. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7401-7411. [PMID: 38000780 PMCID: PMC10716907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We performed exhaustive torsion sampling on more than 3 million compounds using the GFN2-xTB method and performed a comparison of experimental crystallographic and gas-phase conformers. Many conformer sampling methods derive torsional angle distributions from experimental crystallographic data, limiting the torsion preferences to molecules that must be stable, synthetically accessible, and able to be crystallized. In this work, we evaluate the differences in torsional preferences of experimental crystallographic geometries and gas-phase computed conformers from a broad selection of compounds to determine whether torsional angle distributions obtained from semiempirical methods are suitable priors for conformer sampling. We find that differences in torsion preferences can be mostly attributed to a lack of available experimental crystallographic data with small deviations derived from gas-phase geometry differences. GFN2 demonstrates the ability to provide accurate and reliable torsional preferences that can provide a basis for new methods free from the limitations of experimental data collection. We provide Gaussian-based fits and sampling distributions suitable for torsion sampling and propose an alternative to the widely used "experimental torsion and knowledge distance geometry" (ETKDG) method using quantum torsion-derived distance geometry (QTDG) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota
L. Folmsbee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - David R. Koes
- Department
of Computational & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Geoffrey R. Hutchison
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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4
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Kleinschmidt AT, Chen AX, Ramji RS, Pascal TA, Lipomi DJ. Decoupling Planarizing and Steric Energetics to Accurately Model the Rigidity of π-Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2092-2102. [PMID: 36812262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The π-conjugated backbone of semiconducting polymers gives rise to both their electronic properties and structural rigidity. However, current computational methods for understanding the rigidity of polymer chains fail in one crucial way. Namely, standard torsional scan (TS) methods do not satisfactorily capture the behavior of polymers exhibiting a high degree of steric hindrance. This deficiency in part stems from the method by which torsional scans decouple energy related to electron delocalization from that related to nonbonded interactions. These methods do so by applying classical corrections of the nonbonded energy to the quantum mechanical (QM) torsional profile for polymers that are highly sterically hindered. These large corrections to the energy from nonbonded interactions can substantially skew the calculated QM energies related to torsion, resulting in an inaccurate or imprecise estimation of the rigidity of a polymer. As a consequence, simulations of the morphology of a highly sterically hindered polymer using the TS method can be highly inaccurate. Here, we describe an alternative, generalizable method by which the delocalization energy can be decoupled from the energy associated with nonbonded interactions─the "isolation of delocalization energy" (DE) method. From torsional energy calculations, we find that the relative accuracy of the DE method is similar to the TS method (within 1 kJ/mol) for two model polymers (P3HT, PTB7) when compared to quantum mechanical calculations. However, the DE method significantly increased the relative accuracy for simulations of PNDI-T, a highly sterically hindered polymer (8.16 kJ/mol). Likewise, we show that comparison of the planarization energy (i.e., backbone rigidity) from torsional parameters is significantly more precise for both PTB7 and PNDI-T when using the DE method as opposed to the TS method. These differences affect the simulated morphology, with the DE method predicting a significantly more planar configuration of PNDI-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Kleinschmidt
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Alexander X Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Robert S Ramji
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Tod A Pascal
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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5
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Deogratias G, Al-Qurashi OS, Wazzan N. Optical and electronic properties enhancement via chalcogenides: promising materials for DSSC applications. J Mol Model 2023; 29:86. [PMID: 36872384 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Comparatively, metal-free sensitizers featuring the chalcogen family receive less attention despite known electronic properties for metal-chalcogenide materials. This work reports an array of optoelectronic properties using quantum chemical methods. Observed red-shifted bands within the UV/Vis to NIR regions with absorption maxima > 500 nm were consistent with increasing chalcogenide size. There is a monotonic down-shift in the LUMO and ESOP energy consistent with O 2p, S 3p, Se 4p, to Te 5p atomic orbital energies. Excited-state lifetime and charge injection free energies follow the decreasing order of chalcogenide electronegativity. Adsorption energies of dyes on TiO2 anatase (101) range between - 0.08 and - 0.77 eV. Based on evaluated properties, selenium- and tellurium-based materials show potential use in DSSCs and futuristic device applications. Therefore, this work motivates continued investigation of the chalcogenide sensitizers and their application. METHODS The geometry optimization was performed at B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) and B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory for lighter and heavier atoms, respectively, using Gaussian 09. The equilibrium geometries were confirmed by the absence of imaginary frequencies. Electronic spectra were obtained at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G + (d,p)/LANL2DZ level of theory. Adsorption energies for dyes on a 4 × 5 supercell TiO2 anatase (101) were obtained using VASP. The dye-TiO2 optimizations were employed using GGA and PBE with the PAW pseudo-potentials. The energy cutoff was set at 400 eV and convergence threshold for self-consistent iteration was set to 10-4, and van der Waals were accounted using DFT-D3 model and on-site Coulomb repulsion potential set at 8.5 eV for Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geradius Deogratias
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ohoud S Al-Qurashi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Wazzan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Cholesterol side groups in Helical Poly(3-alkylesterfurans). Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhao X, Wang Y. Exploring the chemistry of E/Z configuration in gold-catalyzed domino cyclization: Insights on the stereoselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Kawakami M, Schulz KHG, Varni A, Tormena CF, Gil RR, Noonan K. Statistical Copolymers of Thiophene-3-Carboxylates and Selenophene-3-Carboxylates; 77Se NMR as a Tool to Examine Copolymer Sequence in Selenophene-Based Conjugated Polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00777k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that homopolymerization and statistical copolymerization of 2-ethylhexyl thiophene-3-carboxylate and 2-ethylhexyl selenophene-3-carboxylate monomers is possible via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. A commercially available palladium catalyst ([1,3-bis(2,6-di-3-pentylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)dichloropalladium(II) or PEPPSI-IPent) was employed...
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9
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Varni AJ, Kawakami M, Kramer SN, Rice M, Geib SJ, Peteanu LA, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJT. Investigating the impact of regiochemistry in ester functionalized polyfurans. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Manami Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Stephanie N. Kramer
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Megan Rice
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Steven J. Geib
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Linda A. Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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10
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Perkins MA, Cline LM, Tschumper GS. Torsional Profiles of Thiophene and Furan Oligomers: Probing the Effects of Heterogeneity and Chain Length. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6228-6237. [PMID: 34240869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of the torsional profiles of 55 unique oligomers composed of two to four thiophene and/or furan rings (n = 2 to 4) has been conducted using three density functional theory (DFT) methods along with MP2 and three different coupled-cluster methods. Two planar or quasi-planar minima were identified for each n = 2 oligomer system. In every case, the torsional angle (τ) between the heteroatoms about the carbon-carbon bond connecting the two rings is at or near 180° for the global minimum and 0° for the local minimum, referred to as anti and syn conformations, respectively. These oligomers have rotational barrier heights ranging from ca. 2 kcal mol-1 for 2,2'-bithiophene to 4 kcal mol-1 for 2,2'-bifuran, based on electronic energies computed near the CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limit. The corresponding rotational barrier for the heterogeneous 2-(2-thienyl)furan counterpart falls approximately halfway between those values. The energy differences between the minima are approximately 2 and 0.4 kcal mol-1 for the homogeneous 2,2'-bifuran and 2,2'-bithiophene, respectively, whereas the energy difference between the planar local and global minima (at τ = 0 and 180°, respectively) is only 0.3 kcal mol-1 for 2-(2-thienyl)furan. Extending these three oligomers by adding one or two additional thiophene and/or furan rings resulted in only minor changes to the torsional profiles when rotating around the same carbon-carbon bond as the two-ring profiles. Relative energy differences between the syn and anti conformations were changed by no more than 0.4 kcal mol-1 for the corresponding n = 3 and 4 oligomers, while the rotational barrier height increased by no more than 0.8 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Laura M Cline
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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11
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Nam S, Cho E, Sim E, Burke K. Explaining and Fixing DFT Failures for Torsional Barriers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2796-2804. [PMID: 33710903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most torsional barriers are predicted with high accuracies (about 1 kJ/mol) by standard semilocal functionals, but a small subset was found to have much larger errors. We created a database of almost 300 carbon-carbon torsional barriers, including 12 poorly behaved barriers, that stem from the Y═C-X group, where Y is O or S and X is a halide. Functionals with enhanced exchange mixing (about 50%) worked well for all barriers. We found that poor actors have delocalization errors caused by hyperconjugation. These problematic calculations are density-sensitive (i.e., DFT predictions change noticeably with the density), and using HF densities (HF-DFT) fixes these issues. For example, conventional B3LYP performs as accurately as exchange-enhanced functionals if the HF density is used. For long-chain conjugated molecules, HF-DFT can be much better than exchange-enhanced functionals. We suggest that HF-PBE0 has the best overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunbyol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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12
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Che Y, Perepichka DF. Quantifying Planarity in the Design of Organic Electronic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1364-1373. [PMID: 33021029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Planarity is essential for many organic electronic materials as it maximizes the intramolecular π-orbital overlap and enables efficient intermolecular interactions through π-stacking. We propose a statistical way of quantifying the planarity of a wide range of conjugated systems. The quantification takes into account all torsional conformations and their relative contribution to the overall structural disorder, through a planarity index ⟨cos2 ϕ⟩. The propensity for planarization and the effect of rotational disorder were examined for a series of commonly used building blocks. The application of the analysis to extended conjugated systems and the correlations between the gas-phase ⟨cos2 ϕ⟩ and crystallographically observed planarity in the solid state were explored. Our calculations also reveal a previously unrecognized effect of increasing band gap upon planarization for conjugated systems coupling strong electron donor and acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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13
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Bersuker IB. Jahn–Teller and Pseudo-Jahn–Teller Effects: From Particular Features to General Tools in Exploring Molecular and Solid State Properties. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1463-1512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac B. Bersuker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Che Y, Perepichka DF. Quantifying Planarity in the Design of Organic Electronic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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15
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Sommerville PJW, Li Y, Dong BX, Zhang Y, Onorato JW, Tatum WK, Balzer AH, Stingelin N, Patel SN, Nealey PF, Luscombe CK. Elucidating the Influence of Side-Chain Circular Distribution on the Crack Onset Strain and Hole Mobility of Near-Amorphous Indacenodithiophene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ban Xuan Dong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yongcao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wesley K. Tatum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alex H. Balzer
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303332, United States
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303332, United States
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303332, United States
| | - Shrayesh N. Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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16
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Barclay MS, Elles CG, Caricato M. On the Discrepancy between Experimental and Calculated Raman Intensities for Conjugated Phenyl and Thiophene Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4678-4689. [PMID: 32392419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with experimental spectra, calculations for conjugated phenyl and thiophene oligomers tend to overestimate the ground state Raman intensities of higher-frequency vibrations (1200-1800 cm-1) relative to the intensities at lower frequencies (<1200 cm-1). The discrepancy was observed in previous benchmarking work that examined the method dependence of the calculated Raman spectra for a series of aromatic molecules. This paper further investigates the nature of the discrepancy by examining the role of anharmonic corrections and the dependence of the calculated Raman spectra on the inter-ring torsion angle for the representative molecules biphenyl (BP), 2-phenylthiophene (PT), and 2,2'-bithiophene (BT). Perturbative anharmonic corrections to the spectra calculated using density functional theory (DFT) provide only slightly better agreement with experiment. On the other hand, calculations at larger torsion angles give up to 30% improvement in the relative Raman intensities compared with the spectra calculated at the optimized geometries. The torsion-angle dependence of the Raman intensities is most pronounced for delocalized C-C and C-S stretching modes, and less pronounced for bending and ring distortion modes that do not involve inter-ring stretching. Higher-level calculations using the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] method indicate that DFT underestimates the energy barrier for torsion isomerization at small angles, and it overestimates the barriers at large angles, thus predicting minimum geometries at torsion angles that are too small. Therefore, the results suggest that the discrepancy in relative Raman intensities may be related to an overestimation of inter-ring conjugation by DFT, which also tends to favor geometries that are too planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Barclay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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17
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Johnson KR, Vittardi SB, Gracia-Nava MA, Rack JJ, de Bettencourt-Dias A. Luminescent lanthanide complexes with a pyridine-bis(carboxamide)-bithiophene sensitizer showing wavelength-dependent singlet oxygen generation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6661-6667. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new pyridine-bis(carboxamide)-based ligand with a bithiophene pendant, 2Tcbx, was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey J. Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
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18
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Datko BD, Livshits M, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Jakubikova E, Rack JJ, Grey JK. Large Excited-State Conformational Displacements Expedite Triplet Formation in a Small Conjugated Oligomer. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1259-1263. [PMID: 30811200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intersystem crossing in conjugated organic molecules is most conveniently viewed from pure electronic perspectives; yet, vibrational displacements may often drive these transitions. We investigate an alkyl-substituted thienylene-vinylene dimer (dTV) displaying efficient triplet formation. Steady-state electronic and Raman spectra display large Stokes shifts (∼4000 cm-1) involving high-frequency skeletal symmetric stretching modes (∼900-1600 cm-1) in addition to large displacements of low-frequency torsional motions (∼300-340 cm-1). Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the emergence of distorted singlet (S1) and triplet signatures following initial vibrational relaxation dynamics that dominate spectral dynamics on time scales > 100 ps, with the latter persisting on time scales up to ca. 7 μs. Potential energy surfaces calculated along the dominant displaced out-of-plane torsional mode reveal shallow energy barriers for entering the triplet manifold from S1. We propose that dTV is a good model system for understanding vibrational contributions to intersystem crossing events in related polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Datko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Maksim Livshits
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - John K Grey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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19
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Gryn'ova G, Lin KH, Corminboeuf C. Read between the Molecules: Computational Insights into Organic Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16370-16386. [PMID: 30395466 PMCID: PMC6287891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
performance and key electronic properties of molecular organic
semiconductors are dictated by the interplay between the chemistry
of the molecular core and the intermolecular factors of which manipulation
has inspired both experimentalists and theorists. This Perspective
presents major computational challenges and modern methodological
strategies to advance the field. The discussion ranges from insights
and design principles at the quantum chemical level, in-depth atomistic
modeling based on multiscale protocols, morphological prediction and
characterization as well as energy-property maps involving data-driven
analysis. A personal overview of the past achievements and future
direction is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Gryn'ova
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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20
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Tahchieva DN, Bakowies D, Ramakrishnan R, von Lilienfeld OA. Torsional Potentials of Glyoxal, Oxalyl Halides, and Their Thiocarbonyl Derivatives: Challenges for Popular Density Functional Approximations. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4806-4817. [PMID: 30011363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reliability of popular density functionals was studied for the description of torsional profiles of 36 molecules: glyoxal, oxalyl halides, and their thiocarbonyl derivatives. HF and 18 functionals of varying complexity, from local density to range-separated hybrid approximations and double-hybrid, have been considered and benchmarked against CCSD(T)-level rotational profiles. For molecules containing heavy halogens, most functionals fail to reproduce barrier heights accurately and a number of functionals introduce spurious minima. Dispersion corrections show no improvement. Calibrated torsion-corrected atom-centered potentials rectify the shortcomings of PBE and also improve on σ-hole based intermolecular binding in dimers and crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Tahchieva
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bakowies
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Raghunathan Ramakrishnan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - O Anatole von Lilienfeld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
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21
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Schnappinger T, Marazzi M, Mai S, Monari A, González L, de Vivie-Riedle R. Intersystem Crossing as a Key Component of the Nonadiabatic Relaxation Dynamics of Bithiophene and Terthiophene. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4530-4540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnappinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Université
de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université
de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 München, Germany
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22
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Ibanez JG, Rincón ME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Chahma M, Jaramillo-Quintero OA, Frontana-Uribe BA. Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical–Chiral Sensors. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4731-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Ibanez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, 01219 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina. E. Rincón
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580, Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gutierrez-Granados
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito
de Rocha, 36080 Guanajuato, GTO Mexico
| | - M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero
- CONACYT-Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580 Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca 50200, Estado de México Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
exterior Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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