1
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Van Benschoten W, Petras HR, Shepherd JJ. Electronic Free Energy Surface of the Nitrogen Dimer Using First-Principles Finite Temperature Electronic Structure Methods. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6842-6856. [PMID: 37535315 PMCID: PMC10440793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
We use full configuration interaction and density matrix quantum Monte Carlo methods to calculate the electronic free energy surface of the nitrogen dimer within the free-energy Born-Oppenheimer approximation. As the temperature is raised from T = 0, we find a temperature regime in which the internal energy causes bond strengthening. At these temperatures, adding in the entropy contributions is required to cause the bond to gradually weaken with increasing temperature. We predict a thermally driven dissociation for the nitrogen dimer between 22,000 to 63,200 K depending on symmetries and basis set. Inclusion of more spatial and spin symmetries reduces the temperature required. The origin of these observations is explored using the structure of the density matrix at various temperatures and bond lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley R. Petras
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - James J. Shepherd
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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2
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Hummel F. On the Chemical Potential of Many-Body Perturbation Theory in Extended Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1568-1581. [PMID: 36790901 PMCID: PMC10018744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory in the grand-canonical ensemble is fundamental to numerous methods for computing electronic properties at nonzero temperature, such as finite-temperature coupled-cluster. In most applications it is the average number of electrons that is known rather than the chemical potential. Expensive correlation calculations must be repeated iteratively in search for the interacting chemical potential that yields the desired average number of electrons. In extended systems with mobile charges the situation is particular, however. Long-ranged electrostatic forces drive the charges such that the average ratio of negative and positive charges is one for any finite chemical potential. All properties per electron are expected to be virtually independent of the chemical potential, as they are in an electric wire at different voltage potentials. This work shows that per electron, the exchange-correlation free energy and the exchange-correlation grand potential indeed agree in the infinite-size limit. Thus, only one expensive correlation calculation suffices for each system size, sparing the search for the interacting chemical potential. This work also demonstrates the importance of regularizing the Coulomb interaction such that each electron on average interacts only with as many electrons as there are electrons in the simulation, avoiding interactions with periodic images. Numerical calculations of the warm uniform electron gas have been conducted with the Spencer-Alavi regularization employing the finite-temperature Hartree approximation for the self-consistent field and linearized finite-temperature direct-ring coupled-cluster doubles for treating correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hummel
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Neufeld VA, Ye HZ, Berkelbach TC. Ground-State Properties of Metallic Solids from Ab Initio Coupled-Cluster Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7497-7503. [PMID: 35939802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallic solids are an enormously important class of materials, but they are a challenging target for accurate wave function-based electronic structure theories and have not been studied in great detail by such methods. Here, we use coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD) to study the structure of solid lithium and aluminum using optimized Gaussian basis sets. We calculate the equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, and cohesive energy and compare them to experimental values, finding accuracy comparable to common density functionals. Because the quantum chemical "gold standard" CCSD(T) (CCSD with perturbative triple excitations) is inapplicable to metals in the thermodynamic limit, we test two approximate improvements to CCSD, which are found to improve the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena A Neufeld
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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4
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Van Benschoten WZ, Shepherd JJ. Piecewise Interaction Picture Density Matrix Quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:184107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The density matrix quantum Monte Carlo (DMQMC) set of methods stochastically samples the exact $N$-body density matrix for interacting electrons at finite temperature. We introduce a simple modification to the interaction picture DMQMC method (IP-DMQMC) which overcomes the limitation of only sampling one inverse temperature point at a time, instead allowing for the sampling of a temperature range within a single calculation thereby reducing the computational cost. At the target inverse temperature, instead of ending the simulation, we incorporate a change of picture away from the interaction picture. The resulting equations of motion have piecewise functions and use the interaction picture in the first phase of a simulation, followed by the application of the Bloch equation once the target inverse temperature is reached. We find that the performance of this method is similar to or better than the DMQMC and IP-DMQMC algorithms in a variety of molecular test systems.
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5
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Petras HR, Van Benschoten WZ, Ramadugu SK, Shepherd JJ. The Sign Problem in Density Matrix Quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6036-6052. [PMID: 34546738 PMCID: PMC8515812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Density matrix quantum Monte Carlo (DMQMC) is a recently developed method for stochastically sampling the N-particle thermal density matrix to obtain exact-on-average energies for model and ab initio systems. We report a systematic numerical study of the sign problem in DMQMC based on simulations of atomic and molecular systems. In DMQMC, the density matrix is written in an outer product basis of Slater determinants. In principle, this means that DMQMC needs to sample a space that scales in the system size, N, as O[(exp(N))2]. In practice, removing the sign problem requires a total walker population that exceeds a system-dependent critical walker population (Nc), imposing limitations on both storage and compute time. We establish that Nc for DMQMC is the square of Nc for FCIQMC. By contrast, the minimum Nc in the interaction picture modification of DMQMC (IP-DMQMC) is only linearly related to the Nc for FCIQMC. We find that this difference originates from the difference in propagation of IP-DMQMC versus canonical DMQMC: the former is asymmetric, whereas the latter is symmetric. When an asymmetric mode of propagation is used in DMQMC, there is a much greater stochastic error and is thus prohibitively expensive for DMQMC without the interaction picture adaptation. Finally, we find that the equivalence between IP-DMQMC and FCIQMC seems to extend to the initiator approximation, which is often required to study larger systems with large basis sets. This suggests that IP-DMQMC offers a way to ameliorate the cost of moving between a Slater determinant space and an outer product basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R Petras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | | | - Sai Kumar Ramadugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - James J Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
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6
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Nooijen M, Bao S. Normal ordered exponential approach to thermal properties and time-correlation functions: general theory and simple examples. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1980832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Songhao Bao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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7
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Callahan JM, Lange MF, Berkelbach TC. Dynamical correlation energy of metals in large basis sets from downfolding and composite approaches. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:211105. [PMID: 34240964 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD) is a promising ab initio method for the electronic structure of three-dimensional metals, for which second-order perturbation theory (MP2) diverges in the thermodynamic limit. However, due to the high cost and poor convergence of CCSD with respect to basis size, applying CCSD to periodic systems often leads to large basis set errors. In a common "composite" method, MP2 is used to recover the missing dynamical correlation energy through a focal-point correction, but the inadequacy of finite-order perturbation theory for metals raises questions about this approach. Here, we describe how high-energy excitations treated by MP2 can be "downfolded" into a low-energy active space to be treated by CCSD. Comparing how the composite and downfolding approaches perform for the uniform electron gas, we find that the latter converges more quickly with respect to the basis set size. Nonetheless, the composite approach is surprisingly accurate because it removes the problematic MP2 treatment of double excitations near the Fermi surface. Using this method to estimate the CCSD correlation energy in the combined complete basis set and thermodynamic limits, we find that CCSD recovers 85%-90% of the exact correlation energy at rs = 4. We also test the composite approach with the direct random-phase approximation used in place of MP2, yielding a method that is typically (but not always) more cost effective due to the smaller number of orbitals that need to be included in the more expensive CCSD calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Malte F Lange
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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8
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Liu J, Cheng L. Relativistic coupled‐cluster and equation‐of‐motion coupled‐cluster methods. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzi Liu
- Department of Chemistry The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
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9
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Pedersen TB, Kristiansen HE, Bodenstein T, Kvaal S, Schøyen ØS. Interpretation of Coupled-Cluster Many-Electron Dynamics in Terms of Stationary States. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:388-404. [PMID: 33337895 PMCID: PMC7808707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that laser-driven many-electron dynamics, as described by bivariational time-dependent coupled-cluster (CC) theory, may be analyzed in terms of stationary-state populations. Projectors heuristically defined from linear response theory and equation-of-motion CC theory are proposed for the calculation of stationary-state populations during interaction with laser pulses or other external forces, and conservation laws of the populations are discussed. Numerical tests of the proposed projectors, involving both linear and nonlinear optical processes for He and Be atoms and for LiH, CH+, and LiF molecules show that the laser-driven evolution of the stationary-state populations at the coupled-cluster singles-and-doubles (CCSD) level is very close to that obtained by full configuration interaction (FCI) theory, provided that all stationary states actively participating in the dynamics are sufficiently well approximated. When double-excited states are important for the dynamics, the quality of the CCSD results deteriorates. Observing that populations computed from the linear response projector may show spurious small-amplitude, high-frequency oscillations, the equation-of-motion projector emerges as the most promising approach to stationary-state populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann Bodenstein
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Tirimbò G, Baumeier B. Ab initio modeling of excitons: from perfect crystals to biomaterials. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1912638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tirimbò
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Baumeier
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Harsha G, Henderson TM, Scuseria GE. Wave function methods for canonical ensemble thermal averages in correlated many-fermion systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124115. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0022702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Harsha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Thomas M. Henderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Gustavo E. Scuseria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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12
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White AF, Kin-Lic Chan G. Finite-temperature coupled cluster: Efficient implementation and application to prototypical systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alec F. White
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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13
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Liu Y, Shen T, Zhang H, Rubenstein B. Unveiling the Finite Temperature Physics of Hydrogen Chains via Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4298-4314. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brenda Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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14
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Wang X, Berkelbach TC. Excitons in Solids from Periodic Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3095-3103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Timothy C. Berkelbach
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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15
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Petras HR, Ramadugu SK, Malone FD, Shepherd JJ. Using Density Matrix Quantum Monte Carlo for Calculating Exact-on-Average Energies for ab Initio Hamiltonians in a Finite Basis Set. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:1029-1038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fionn D. Malone
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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16
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Hollett JW, Loos PF. Capturing static and dynamic correlation with ΔNO-MP2 and ΔNO-CCSD. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014101. [PMID: 31914756 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ΔNO method for static correlation is combined with second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) to account for dynamic correlation. The MP2 and CCSD expressions are adapted from finite-temperature CCSD, which includes orbital occupancies and vacancies, and expanded orbital summations. Correlation is partitioned with the aid of damping factors incorporated into the MP2 and CCSD residual equations. Potential energy curves for a selection of diatomics are in good agreement with extrapolated full configuration interaction results and on par with conventional multireference approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Hollett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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17
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White AF, Chan GKL. Time-Dependent Coupled Cluster Theory on the Keldysh Contour for Nonequilibrium Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6137-6153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec F. White
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, Umited States
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, Umited States
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18
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Shushkov P, Miller TF. Real-time density-matrix coupled-cluster approach for closed and open systems at finite temperature. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Shushkov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thomas F. Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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19
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Harsha G, Henderson TM, Scuseria GE. Thermofield Theory for Finite-Temperature Coupled Cluster. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6127-6136. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Harsha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Thomas M. Henderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gustavo E. Scuseria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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20
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Harsha G, Henderson TM, Scuseria GE. Thermofield theory for finite-temperature quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5089560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Harsha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
| | - Thomas M. Henderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
| | - Gustavo E. Scuseria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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