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Lee IS, Filatov M, Min SK. Formulation of transition dipole gradients for non-adiabatic dynamics with polaritonic states. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154103. [PMID: 38624116 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A general formulation of the strong coupling between photons confined in a cavity and molecular electronic states is developed for the state-interaction state-average spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham method. The light-matter interaction is included in the Jaynes-Cummings model, which requires the derivation and implementation of the analytical derivatives of the transition dipole moments between the molecular electronic states. The developed formalism is tested in the simulations of the nonadiabatic dynamics in the polaritonic states resulting from the strong coupling between the cavity photon mode and the ground and excited states of the penta-2,4-dieniminium cation, also known as PSB3. Comparison with the field-free simulations of the excited-state decay dynamics in PSB3 reveals that the light-matter coupling can considerably alter the decay dynamics by increasing the excited state lifetime and hindering photochemically induced torsion about the C=C double bonds of PSB3. The necessity of obtaining analytical transition dipole gradients for the accurate propagation of the dynamics is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seong Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Filatov
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Bannwarth C, Martínez TJ. SQMBox: Interfacing a semiempirical integral library to modular ab initio electronic structure enables new semiempirical methods. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:074109. [PMID: 36813714 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ab initio and semiempirical electronic structure methods are usually implemented in separate software packages or use entirely different code paths. As a result, it can be time-consuming to transfer an established ab initio electronic structure scheme to a semiempirical Hamiltonian. We present an approach to unify ab initio and semiempirical electronic structure code paths based on a separation of the wavefunction ansatz and the needed matrix representations of operators. With this separation, the Hamiltonian can refer to either an ab initio or semiempirical treatment of the resulting integrals. We built a semiempirical integral library and interfaced it to the GPU-accelerated electronic structure code TeraChem. Equivalency between ab initio and semiempirical tight-binding Hamiltonian terms is assigned according to their dependence on the one-electron density matrix. The new library provides semiempirical equivalents of the Hamiltonian matrix and gradient intermediates, corresponding to those provided by the ab initio integral library. This enables the straightforward combination of semiempirical Hamiltonians with the full pre-existing ground and excited state functionality of the ab initio electronic structure code. We demonstrate the capability of this approach by combining the extended tight-binding method GFN1-xTB with both spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham and complete active space methods. We also present a highly efficient GPU implementation of the semiempirical Mulliken-approximated Fock exchange. The additional computational cost for this term becomes negligible even on consumer-grade GPUs, enabling Mulliken-approximated exchange in tight-binding methods for essentially no additional cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Kim TI, Lee IS, Kim H, Min SK. Calculation of exciton couplings based on density functional tight-binding coupled to state-interaction state-averaged ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham approach. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044106. [PMID: 36725518 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the combination of the density functional tight binding (DFTB) approach, including onsite correction (OC) and long-range corrected (LC) functional and the state-interaction state-averaged spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham (SI-SA-REKS or SSR) method with extended active space involving four electrons and four orbitals [LC-OC-DFTB/SSR(4,4)], to investigate exciton couplings in multichromophoric systems, such as organic crystals and molecular aggregates. We employ the LC-OC-DFTB/SSR(4,4) method to calculate the excitonic coupling in anthracene and tetracene. As a result, the LC-OC-DFTB/SSR(4,4) method provides a reliable description of the locally excited (LE) state in a single chromophore and the excitonic couplings between chromophores with reasonable accuracy compared to the experiment and the conventional SSR(4,4) method. In addition, the thermal fluctuation of excitonic couplings from dynamic nuclear motion in an anthracene crystal with LC-OC-DFTB/SSR(4,4) shows a similar fluctuation of excitonic coupling and spectral density with those of first-principle calculations. We conclude that LC-OC-DFTB/SSR(4,4) is capable of providing reasonable features related to LE states, such as Frenkel exciton with efficient computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae In Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - In Seong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
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Lee IS, Min SK. Generalized Formulation of the Density Functional Tight Binding-Based Restricted Ensemble Kohn-Sham Method with Onsite Correction to Long-Range Correction. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3391-3409. [PMID: 35549266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a generalized formulation for the combination of the density functional tight binding (DFTB) approach and the state-interaction state-average spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham (SI-SA-REKS or SSR) method by considering onsite correction (OC) as well as the long-range corrected (LC) functional. The OC contribution provides more accurate energies and analytic gradients for individual microstates, while the multireference character of the SSR provides the correct description for conical intersections. We benchmark the LC-OC-DFTB/SSR method against various DFTB calculation methods for excitation energies and conical intersection structures with π/π* or n/π* characters. Furthermore, we perform excited-state molecular dynamics simulations with a molecular rotary motor with variations of LC-OC-DFTB/SSR approaches. We show that the OC contribution to the LC functional is crucial to obtain the correct geometry of conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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Westermayr J, Marquetand P. Machine Learning for Electronically Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9873-9926. [PMID: 33211478 PMCID: PMC8391943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electronically excited states of molecules are at the heart of photochemistry, photophysics, as well as photobiology and also play a role in material science. Their theoretical description requires highly accurate quantum chemical calculations, which are computationally expensive. In this review, we focus on not only how machine learning is employed to speed up such excited-state simulations but also how this branch of artificial intelligence can be used to advance this exciting research field in all its aspects. Discussed applications of machine learning for excited states include excited-state dynamics simulations, static calculations of absorption spectra, as well as many others. In order to put these studies into context, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of the involved machine learning techniques. Since the latter are mostly based on quantum chemistry calculations, we also provide a short introduction into excited-state electronic structure methods and approaches for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations and describe tricks and problems when using them in machine learning for excited states of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Data
Science @ Uni Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Electronically excited states of molecules are at the heart of photochemistry, photophysics, as well as photobiology and also play a role in material science. Their theoretical description requires highly accurate quantum chemical calculations, which are computationally expensive. In this review, we focus on not only how machine learning is employed to speed up such excited-state simulations but also how this branch of artificial intelligence can be used to advance this exciting research field in all its aspects. Discussed applications of machine learning for excited states include excited-state dynamics simulations, static calculations of absorption spectra, as well as many others. In order to put these studies into context, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of the involved machine learning techniques. Since the latter are mostly based on quantum chemistry calculations, we also provide a short introduction into excited-state electronic structure methods and approaches for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations and describe tricks and problems when using them in machine learning for excited states of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Data Science @ Uni Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Lee IS, Ha JK, Han D, Kim TI, Moon SW, Min SK. PyUNIxMD: A Python-based excited state molecular dynamics package. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1755-1766. [PMID: 34197646 PMCID: PMC8362049 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical/computational description of excited state molecular dynamics is nowadays a crucial tool for understanding light-matter interactions in many materials. Here we present an open-source Python-based nonadiabatic molecular dynamics program package, namely PyUNIxMD, to deal with mixed quantum-classical dynamics for correlated electron-nuclear propagation. The PyUNIxMD provides many interfaces for quantum chemical calculation methods with commercial and noncommercial ab initio and semiempirical quantum chemistry programs. In addition, the PyUNIxMD offers many nonadiabatic molecular dynamics algorithms such as fewest-switch surface hopping and its derivatives as well as decoherence-induced surface hopping based on the exact factorization (DISH-XF) and coupled-trajectory mixed quantum-classical dynamics (CTMQC) for general purposes. Detailed structures and flows of PyUNIxMD are explained for the further implementations by developers. We perform a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation for a molecular motor system as a simple demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Daeho Han
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
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Hourahine B, Aradi B, Blum V, Bonafé F, Buccheri A, Camacho C, Cevallos C, Deshaye MY, Dumitrică T, Dominguez A, Ehlert S, Elstner M, van der Heide T, Hermann J, Irle S, Kranz JJ, Köhler C, Kowalczyk T, Kubař T, Lee IS, Lutsker V, Maurer RJ, Min SK, Mitchell I, Negre C, Niehaus TA, Niklasson AMN, Page AJ, Pecchia A, Penazzi G, Persson MP, Řezáč J, Sánchez CG, Sternberg M, Stöhr M, Stuckenberg F, Tkatchenko A, Yu VWZ, Frauenheim T. DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124101. [PMID: 32241125 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DFTB+ is a versatile community developed open source software package offering fast and efficient methods for carrying out atomistic quantum mechanical simulations. By implementing various methods approximating density functional theory (DFT), such as the density functional based tight binding (DFTB) and the extended tight binding method, it enables simulations of large systems and long timescales with reasonable accuracy while being considerably faster for typical simulations than the respective ab initio methods. Based on the DFTB framework, it additionally offers approximated versions of various DFT extensions including hybrid functionals, time dependent formalism for treating excited systems, electron transport using non-equilibrium Green's functions, and many more. DFTB+ can be used as a user-friendly standalone application in addition to being embedded into other software packages as a library or acting as a calculation-server accessed by socket communication. We give an overview of the recently developed capabilities of the DFTB+ code, demonstrating with a few use case examples, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various features, and also discuss on-going developments and possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - V Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Buccheri
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - C Camacho
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - C Cevallos
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M Y Deshaye
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Dumitrică
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - S Ehlert
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T van der Heide
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J Hermann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Irle
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J J Kranz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - V Lutsker
- Institut I - Theoretische Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S K Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - I Mitchell
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - C Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T A Niehaus
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A M N Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - G Penazzi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - M P Persson
- Dassault Systemes, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C G Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Sternberg
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Stöhr
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - F Stuckenberg
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - V W-Z Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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