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Sickinger A, Grasser M, Baguenard B, Bensalah-Ledoux A, Guy L, Bui AT, Guyot Y, Dorcet V, Pointillart F, Cador O, Guy S, Maury O, Le Guennic B, Riobé F. Temperature-dependent NIR-CPL spectra of chiral Yb(III) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15776-15783. [PMID: 38771627 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chiral, enantiopure Yb(III) complexes exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region. This CPL is quantified by the dissymmetry factor (glum). The excited state 2F5/2 consists of six mJ' states degenerated in three Stark levels, due to the crystal-field splitting (CFS), which are populated in accordance with the Boltzmann distribution. Consequently, room temperature CPL spectra are the sum of various - either positive or negative - contributions, that are practically impossible to quantify. To address this issue, an advanced setup enabling CPL measurements over a broad temperature range (300 to 4 K) has been developed. The interrelation of CFS, glum and temperature was explored using a pair of enantiopure Yb(III) complexes, highlighting the individual contribution of each crystal-field sublevel to the overall CPL spectrum, as anticipated by simulations performed in the framework of multireference wave-functions. Hence, the CPL spectra of chiral lanthanide complexes were found to be indeed strongly temperature-dependent, as is the glum dissymmetry factor, as a consequence of the variation in thermal sublevel population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sickinger
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Maxime Grasser
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Baguenard
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Laure Guy
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Anh Thy Bui
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France.
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Yannick Guyot
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stéphan Guy
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Riobé
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France.
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
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2
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Adewuyi JA, Ung G. High Quantum Yields from Perfluorinated Binolate Erbium Complexes and Their Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7097-7104. [PMID: 38412229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
High quantum yield and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) brightness values are reported from Shibasaki-type erbium complexes supported by a perfluorinated Binol ligand (F12Binol). The total fluorination of the ligand circumvents nonradiative quenching from Csp2-H vibrations and leads to quantum yields of up to 11% and CPL brightness values of up to 317 M-1 cm-1 (a 19- and 6-fold increase, respectively, compared to (Binol)3ErNa3). These values are the highest values for any molecular erbium complex to date, making them comparable to Yb emitters. A series of fluorinated Shibasaki-type complexes are synthesized by varying the alkali metal (K, Na, Li) in the secondary coordination sphere, leading to unexpected structural differences. NMR (19F, 7Li) and chiroptical spectroscopy analyses provide insights into their structural geometry. With much improved quantum yields and CPL brightness values, we provide synthetic design principles toward other practical candidates for use in quantum communication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adewuyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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3
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Caricato M. A Perspective on the Simulation of Electronic Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence Spectra in Chiral Solid Materials. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1197-1206. [PMID: 38295762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chiral materials have shown tremendous potential for many technological applications, such as optoelectronics, sensing, magnetism, information technology, and imaging. Characterization of these materials is mostly based on chiroptical spectroscopies, such as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). These experimental measurements would greatly benefit from theoretical simulations for interpretation of the spectra as well as predictions on new materials. While ECD and CPL simulations are well established for molecular systems, they are not for materials. In this Perspective, we describe the theoretical quantities necessary to simulate ECD and CPL spectra in oriented systems. Then, we discuss the approximate strategies currently used to perform these calculations, what computational machinery is already available to develop more general approaches, and some of the open challenges for the simulation of ECD and CPL spectra in solid materials. When methods that are as reliable and computationally efficient as those for molecules are developed, these simulations will provide invaluable insight and guidance for the rational design of optically active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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4
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Grasser M, Le Guennic B. Ab initio investigations of circularly polarised luminescence in Samarium(III)-based complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7203-7210. [PMID: 38349763 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to gain insight into the circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) of lanthanide complexes through the angle of one of their elements, namely Samarium. The simulation of luminescent properties of Samarium(III) complexes remains a challenge for computational chemistry, considering the multiconfigurational character of the electronic structure, the importance of the spin-orbit coupling and the fact that its emissive level is high in energy and preceded by numerous states of various multiplicity. Herein, a methodology based on CASSCF/RASSI-SO calculations is exposed and applied to simulate the CPL properties of two different Samarium(III) complexes, presenting either a rigid or a flexible architecture around the centre ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Grasser
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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5
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De Rosa DF, Starck M, Parker D, Pal R. Unlocking same-sign CPL: solvent effects on spectral form and racemisation kinetics in nine-coordinate chiral europium(III) complexes. Chemistry 2023:e202303227. [PMID: 38078726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that shape the circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) emission profiles of europium(III)-based CPL emitters to have specific sign properties, e. g. monosignate individual CPL transitions, is key to design novel complexes for applications ranging from advanced security inks to bio-probes for live cell imaging. In order to correlate structure and spectral characteristics, a photophysical and kinetic investigation has been conducted on a series of coordinatively saturated nine-coordinate europium(III) systems based on 1,4,7-triazacyclononane. We highlight that lanthanide emission is sensitive to changes in the ligand field by showing the linear dependence of total emission intensity ratios as a function of solvent polarity, for europium(III) complexes displaying an internal charge transfer (ICT) excited state. This sensitivity increases by a factor of 20 when studying changes in CPL spectra, rendering these complexes accurate probes of local polarity. Solvent polarity, solvent-specific effects, and the nature of the chromophores' coordinating donor atoms strongly influence the kinetic stability of europium(III) complexes with respect to enantiomer interconversion. Notably, we show that the choice of donor groups to coordinating to europium(III) and the nature and polarity of the solvent affects the rate of racemisation, leading to systems with very long half-lives at room temperature in non-polar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide F De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Matthieu Starck
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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6
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Gil Y, de Santana RC, Vega A, Aravena D, Spodine E. Influence of symmetry on the magneto-optical properties of a bifunctional macrocyclic Dy III complex. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38014706 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel complex, [Dy(LPr)(NO3)2]·(H2O)·(NO3) (1), containing a highly distorted macrocyclic ligand (LPr) and weak axial anions (NO3-), was synthesized and characterized. Even though this coordination environment is not ideal for maximizing the magnetic anisotropy of a DyIII ion, a magneto-structural analysis reveals that the high distortion of the macrocycle promotes a disposition of the hard plane and easy axis opposite to the expected one. This results in a quite symmetrical environment which allows obtaining a field induced SMM behaviour. The magnetic relaxation properties of this complex were rationalized with the aid of ab initio multireference calculations. Moreover, 1 showed the characteristic emission bands of DyIII ion, indicating that the macrocyclic ligand acts as an efficient sensitizer in the energy transfer process to the emissive state of the DyIII ion. Due to the symmetric environment of 1, the Y/B intensity ratio (0.61) results in CIE coordinates (0.278; 0.314), close to those of the white light region. To gain further insight into the mechanism leading to the luminescence properties, ab initio calculations were performed to elucidate the key factors controlling the Y/B intensity ratio in this bifunctional complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolimar Gil
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Costa de Santana
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia (GO), Brazil
| | - Andrés Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Evgenia Spodine
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Bäuml L, Rott F, Schnappinger T, de Vivie-Riedle R. Following the Nonadiabatic Ultrafast Dynamics of Uracil via Simulated X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9787-9796. [PMID: 37955656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The nucleobase uracil exhibits high photostability due to ultrafast relaxation processes mediated by conical intersections (CoIns), where the interplay between nuclear and electron dynamics becomes crucial. In our previous study, we observed seemingly long-lived traces of electronic coherence for the relaxation process through the S2/S1 CoIn by applying our ansatz for coupled nuclear and electron dynamics in molecules (NEMol). In this work, we theoretically investigate how time-dependent transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy can be used to observe this ultrafast dynamics. Therefore, we calculated X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) for the oxygen K-edge, using a multireference protocol in combination with NEMol dynamics. Thus, we have access to both the transient XAS based on the nuclear wavepacket dynamics and the modulation of the signals caused by the electronic coherence induced by the excitation process and the presence of a CoIn seam. In both cases, we were able to qualitatively predict its influence on the resulting XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bäuml
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Florian Rott
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
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Park G, Jeong DY, Yu SY, Park JJ, Kim JH, Yang H, You Y. Enhancing Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence via Integrated Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309762. [PMID: 37606233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
In the dynamic domain of chiroptical technologies, it is imperative to engineer emitters endowed with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties. This research demonstrates an advancement by employing a combined top-down and bottom-up strategy for the simultaneous amplification of photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ) and the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum ). Square-planar Pt(II) complexes form helical assemblies, driven by torsional strain induced by bis(nonyl) chains. Integration of chiral anions leads these assemblies to prefer distinct helical sense. This arrangement activates the metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) transition that is CPL-active, with Φ and |glum | observing an upswing contingent on the charge number and aryl substituents in chiral anions. Utilizing the soft-lithographic micromolding in capillaries technique, we could fabricate exquisitely-ordered, one-dimensional co-assemblies to achieve the metrics to Φ of 0.32 and |glum | of 0.13. Finally, our spectroscopic research elucidates the underlying mechanism for the dual amplification, making a significant stride in the advancement of CPL-active emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyurim Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Jeong
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Yu
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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9
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Chen Z, Huang M, Zhong C, Gong S, Coropceanu V, Brédas JL, Yang C. Pivotal role of transition density in circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6022-6031. [PMID: 37293641 PMCID: PMC10246659 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Realizing high luminescence dissymmetry factor (g) in circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials remains a big challenge, which necessitates understanding systematically how their molecular structure controls the CPL. Here we investigate representative organic chiral emitters with different transition density distributions and reveal the pivotal role of transition density in CPL. We rationalize that to obtain large g-factors, two conditions should be simultaneously satisfied: (i) the transition density for the S1 (or T1)-to-S0 emission must be delocalized over the entire chromophore; and (ii) the chromophore inter-segment twisting must be restricted and tuned to an optimal value (∼50°). Our findings offer molecular-level insights into the CPL of organic emitters, with potential applications in the design of chiroptical materials and systems with strong CPL effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Manli Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721-0088 USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721-0088 USA
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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10
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Kundu D, Del Rio N, Cordier M, Vanthuyne N, Puttock EV, Meskers SCJ, Williams JAG, Srebro-Hooper M, Crassous J. Enantiopure cycloplatinated pentahelicenic N-heterocyclic carbenic complexes that display long-lived circularly polarized phosphorescence. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6484-6493. [PMID: 37096384 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of the first enantiopure cycloplatinated complexes bearing a bidentate, helicenic N-heterocyclic carbene and a diketonate ancillary ligand is presented, along with their structural and spectroscopic characterization based on both experimental and computational studies. The systems exhibit long-lived circularly polarized phosphorescence in solution and in doped films at room temperature, and also in a frozen glass at 77 K, with dissymmetry factor glum values ≥10-3 in the former and around 10-2 in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsouri Kundu
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Natalia Del Rio
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Marie Cordier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Emma V Puttock
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, NL 5600, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monika Srebro-Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
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11
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Monti M, Stener M, Coccia E. Electronic circular dichroism from real-time propagation in state space. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084102. [PMID: 36859092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose to compute the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of chiral molecules using a real-time propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in the space of electronic field-free eigenstates, by coupling TDSE with a given treatment of the electronic structure of the target. The time-dependent induced magnetic moment is used to compute the ECD spectrum from an explicit electric perturbation. The full matrix representing the transition magnetic moment in the space of electronic states is generated from that among pairs of molecular orbitals. In the present work, we show the ECD spectra of methyloxirane, of several conformers of L-alanine, and of the Λ-Co(acac)3 complex, computed from a singly excited ansatz of time-dependent density functional theory eigenstates. The time-domain ECD spectra properly reproduce the frequency-domain ones obtained in the linear-response regime and quantitatively agree with the available experimental data. Moreover, the time-domain approach to ECD allows us to naturally go beyond the ground-state rotationally averaged ECD spectrum, which is the standard outcome of the linear-response theory, e.g., by computing the ECD spectra from electronic excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Dhbaibi K, Grasser M, Douib H, Dorcet V, Cador O, Vanthuyne N, Riobé F, Maury O, Guy S, Bensalah-Ledoux A, Baguenard B, Rikken GLJA, Train C, Le Guennic B, Atzori M, Pointillart F, Crassous J. Multifunctional Helicene-Based Ytterbium Coordination Polymer Displaying Circularly Polarized Luminescence, Slow Magnetic Relaxation and Room Temperature Magneto-Chiral Dichroism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215558. [PMID: 36449410 PMCID: PMC10107653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The combination of physical properties sensitive to molecular chirality in a single system allows the observation of fascinating phenomena such as magneto-chiral dichroism (MChD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) having potential applications for optical data readout and display technology. Homochiral monodimensional coordination polymers of YbIII were designed from a 2,15-bis-ethynyl-hexahelicenic scaffold decorated with two terminal 4-pyridyl units. Thanks to the coordination of the chiral organic chromophore to Yb(hfac)3 units (hfac- =1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylaconate), efficient NIR-CPL activity is observed. Moreover, the specific crystal field around the YbIII induces a strong magnetic anisotropy which leads to a single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour and a remarkable room temperature MChD. The MChD-structural correlation is supported by computational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Dhbaibi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Grasser
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Haiet Douib
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire des Matériaux Organiques et Hétérochimie (LMOH), Département des sciences de la matière, Université Larbi Tébessi de Tébessa, Route de Constantine, 12002, Tébessa, Algérie
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - François Riobé
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Maury
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphan Guy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Amina Bensalah-Ledoux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Baguenard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Geert L J A Rikken
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Train
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Matteo Atzori
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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13
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Rousset E, Piccardo M, Gable RW, Massi M, Sorace L, Soncini A, Boskovic C. Elucidation of LMCT Excited States for Lanthanoid Complexes: A Theoretical and Solid-State Experimental Framework. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14004-14018. [PMID: 35998349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical and magnetic properties arising from both ground and excited states of lanthanoid ions are relevant for numerous applications. These properties can be substantially affected, both adversely and beneficially, by ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) states. However, probing LMCT states remains a significant challenge in f-block chemistry, particularly in the solid state. Intriguingly, the europium compounds [EuIII(18-c-6)(X4Cat)(NO3)]·MeCN (18-c-6 = 18-crown-6; X = Cl (tetrachlorocatecholate, 1-Eu) or Br (tetrabromocatecholate, 2-Eu) are distinctly darkly-colored, in marked contrast to the analogues with other lanthanoid ions in the 1-Ln and 2-Ln series (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb, and Dy). Herein, we report a multi-technique investigation of these compounds that has allowed elucidation of the LMCT character of the relevant absorption bands using magnetometry, absorption and emission spectroscopies, and solid-state electrochemistry. To support experimental observations, we present a semi-quantitative multireference ab initio model that (i) captures the anomalously low-lying LMCT excited state observed in the visible spectrum of 1-Eu (and its absence in the other 1-Ln analogues); (ii) elucidates the contribution of the LMCT excitation to the crystal field split 7FJ ground-state wave functions; and (iii) identifies the crucial role played by radial dynamical correlation of the EuIII 4f electrons in the description of the LMCT excited state, modeled by the inclusion of 4f → 5f excitations in the optimized wave function. By providing a set of experimental and theoretical tools, this work establishes a framework for the elucidation of LMCT excited states in lanthanoid compounds in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rousset
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matteo Piccardo
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert W Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences─Curtin Institute for Functional Materials and Interfaces, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- UdR INSTM and Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Alessandro Soncini
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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14
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Schnable D, Schley ND, Ung G. Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Uranyl Improves Resolution of Electronic Transitions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10718-10722. [PMID: 35678629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first reported example of circularly polarized luminescence from a chiral, molecular uranyl (UO22+) complex in solution is presented. This uranyl chiroptical activity is enabled by complexation with ibuprofen, an enantiopure chiral carboxylate ligand. Salt metathesis between [UO2Cl2(thf)2]2 and the sodium ibuprofenate salts results in the formation of the anionic tris complexes; these complexes are found to be luminescent in solution, both under visible excitation, directly targeting the metal, and through sensitization by UV absorption and energy transfer from the ligand. Each enantiomer displays both circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with |gabs| ≤ 8.1 × 10-2 and |glum| ≤ 8.0 × 10-3 under UV excitation, comparable to chiral transition metal complexes or purely organic emitters. The strength of the CPL emission is found to be comparable following excitation of either the ligand or metal directly. Further, use of CPL allows for resolution of subcomponents of the emission spectrum not previously possible at room temperature using standard fluorescence techniques. Observation of CPL following direct uranyl excitation presents a new tool for probing speciation of uranyl complexes when chiral ligands are used, without the need for synthetic modification to incorporate a suitable chromophore, and could enable the design of improved ligands for uranyl extraction from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schnable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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15
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Ludowieg HD, Srebro-Hooper M, Crassous J, Autschbach J. Optical Activity of Spin-Forbidden Electronic Transitions in Metal Complexes from Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory with Spin-Orbit Coupling. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200020. [PMID: 35585034 PMCID: PMC9117156 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The calculation of magnetic transition dipole moments and rotatory strengths was implemented at the zeroth‐order regular approximation (ZORA) two‐component relativistic time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level. The circular dichroism of the spin‐forbidden ligand‐field transitions of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) computed in this way agrees very well with available measurements. Phosphorescence dissymmetry factors glum
and the corresponding lifetimes are evaluated for three N‐heterocyclic‐carbene‐based iridium complexes, two of which contain helicene moieties, and for two platinahelicenes. The agreement with experimental data is satisfactory. The calculations reproduce the signs and order of magnitude of glum
, and the large variations of phosphorescence lifetimes among the systems. The electron spin contribution to the magnetic transition dipole moment is shown to be important in all of the computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert D Ludowieg
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY-14260-3000, USA
| | - Monika Srebro-Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY-14260-3000, USA
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16
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Gendron F, Grasser M, Le Guennic B. Near-infrared circular dichroism of the ytterbium DOTMA complex: an ab initio investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5404-5410. [PMID: 35170600 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and circular dichroism spectra of the ytterbium(III) complex [Yb(DOTMA)]- are calculated using complete and restricted active space self-consistent field wavefunction methods with the spin-orbit coupling treated by the state interaction approach. The influence of the dynamical correlation effect is then included via the 2nd order perturbation method. The experimental circular dichroism spectrum is well reproduced by calculations, both in terms of relative energy excitations and in terms of rotatory strength intensities. The results allow highlighting the mechanism that drives the chiroptical properties in Yb(III) complexes and reveal the importance of taking into account the 4f125d1 electronic configurations in the calculated wavefunctions to properly describe the chiroptical properties of the 4f-4f transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gendron
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Maxime Grasser
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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17
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Abhervé A, Mastropasqua Talamo M, Vanthuyne N, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Grasser M, Le Guennic B, Avarvari N. Chiral Emissive Lanthanide Complexes from Enantiopure [6]Helicene‐bis(pyrazolyl)‐pyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Zinna
- University of Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Chemistry ITALY
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Università di Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Chemistry ITALY
| | | | | | - Narcis Avarvari
- University of Angers UMR 6200 CNRS-Univ. d'Angers 2 Bd. LavoisierBat. K 49045 Angers FRANCE
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18
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Okayasu Y, Yuasa J. Structure Determination of Europium Complexes in Solution Using Crystal-Field Splitting of the Narrow f- f Emission Lines. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6867-6874. [PMID: 34279951 PMCID: PMC8397343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nine nona-coordinated Eu(III) complexes (1-9) studied here have three unsymmetric β-diketonate ligands and one chiral Ph-Pybox ligand, which can produce eight possible coordination isomers, depending on the position of the three unsymmetric β-diketonate ligands. Substituents on the β-diketonate ligands cause a rational structural rearrangement upon crystallization. Substituents with higher polarity, including -CN, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OMe, and -OEt, employ intercomplex hydrogen bonding to generate an association complex through structural rearrangement upon crystallization. Substituents with lower polarity, including -CF3, -SMe, and -Me, cause the most energetically favorable isomer to crystallize directly from solution. These two crystal structures exhibit well-resolved f-f emission lines with characteristic Stark splitting structures. This work revealed that the configuration of the Eu(III) complexes in solution can be determined by systematic comparison of their Stark splitting structures to those obtained from the solid phase using density functional theory (DFT)-based predictions combined with circular dichroism data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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19
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Fradgley JD, Frawley AT, Pal R, Parker D. Striking solvent dependence of total emission and circularly polarised luminescence in coordinatively saturated chiral europium complexes: solvation significantly perturbs the ligand field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11479-11487. [PMID: 33959741 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Examination of total emission and circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) spectra of three 9-coordinate Eu(iii) complexes with well-defined speciation shows that the ligand fields of these C3 symmetric complexes are extremely sensitive to solvent polarity, even when solvent is not present in the first coordination sphere. The energies, intensities, and (for CPL) the sign of some transitions vary with solvent polarity. These observations are rationalised by analysis of the factors that control total and circularly polarised emission, and have important implications for design of responsive luminescent Ln(iii) probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Fradgley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Andrew T Frawley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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20
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Lin J, Xie M, Zhang X, Gao Q, Chang X, Zou C, Lu W. Helically chiral Pd(ii) complexes containing intramolecular PdPd metallophilicity as circularly polarized molecular phosphors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1627-1630. [PMID: 33459300 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-centred chirality of the pincer-type cyclometalated ligands is transferred to the helical chirality of dinuclear and tetranuclear Pd(ii) arylacetylide complexes, and hence phosphorescence with quantum yields up to 50% and dissymmetry factors in the 10-3 scale from the metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states has been recorded in diluted solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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21
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Babetto L, Carlotto S, Carlotto A, Rancan M, Bottaro G, Armelao L, Casarin M. Multireference Ab Initio Investigation on Ground and Low-Lying Excited States: Systematic Evaluation of J- J Mixing in a Eu 3+ Luminescent Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:315-324. [PMID: 33320664 PMCID: PMC8769492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A theoretical protocol combining
density functional theory (DFT) and multireference (CAS) calculations
is proposed for a Eu3+ complex. In the complex, electronic
levels of the central Eu3+ ion are correctly calculated
at the CASPT2 level of theory, and the effect of introducing different
numbers of states in the configuration interaction matrices is highlighted
as well as the shortcomings of DFT methods in the treatment of systems
with high spin multiplicity and strong spin–orbit coupling
effects. For the 5D0 state energy calculation,
the inclusion of states with different multiplicity and the number
of states considered for each multiplicity are crucial parameters,
even if their relative weight is different. Indeed, the addition of
triplet and singlets is important, while the number of states is relevant
only for the quintets. The herein proposed protocol enables a rigorous,
full ab initio treatment of Eu3+ complex,
which can be easily extended to other Ln3+ ions. A theoretical protocol combining density
functional theory and multireference calculations is proposed for
a Eu3+ complex. For the 5D0 state
energy calculation, the inclusion of states with different multiplicity
and the number of states considered for each multiplicity are crucial
parameters. The herein proposed protocol enables a rigorous, full ab initio treatment of Eu3+ complex, which can
be easily extended to other Ln3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Babetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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22
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Gendron F, Di Pietro S, Abad Galán L, Riobé F, Placide V, Guy L, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Bensalah-Ledoux A, Guyot Y, Pilet G, Pointillart F, Baguenard B, Guy S, Cador O, Maury O, Le Guennic B. Luminescence, chiroptical, magnetic and ab initio crystal-field characterizations of an enantiopure helicoidal Yb(iii) complex. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of a chiral Yb(iii)-based complex is fully determined by taking advantage of experimental magnetic, luminescence, and chiroptical (NIR-ECD and CPL) characterizations in combination with ab initio wavefunction calculations.
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23
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Deng M, Schley ND, Ung G. High circularly polarized luminescence brightness from analogues of Shibasaki's lanthanide complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14813-14816. [PMID: 33140754 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To reach the promising potential of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters, high CPL brightness must be achieved. We describe the synthesis of analogues of the C3-symmetrical Shibasaki's lanthanide complexes (Sm, Tb, Dy) supported by enantiopure 5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (H8-Binol). The complexes exhibit visible luminescence in solution with exceptionally high quantum yields for Sm (4%) and Dy (17%), and strong circularly polarized luminescence for Sm, Tb, and Dy (|glum| up to 0.44, 0.32, 0.33, respectively). Altogether, these complexes possess amongst the strongest CPL brightness reported to date in lanthanide molecular complexes (up to 782 M-1 cm-1 for Tb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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24
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Doistau B, Jiménez JR, Piguet C. Beyond Chiral Organic (p-Block) Chromophores for Circularly Polarized Luminescence: The Success of d-Block and f-Block Chiral Complexes. Front Chem 2020; 8:555. [PMID: 32850617 PMCID: PMC7399180 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules are essential for the development of advanced technological applications in spintronic and photonic. The best systems should produce large circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) as estimated by their dissymmetry factor (g lum), which can reach the maximum values of -2 ≤ g lum ≤ 2 when either pure right- or left-handed polarized light is emitted after standard excitation. For matching this requirement, theoretical considerations indicate that optical transitions with large magnetic and weak electric transition dipole moments represent the holy grail of CPL. Because of their detrimental strong and allowed electric dipole transitions, popular chiral emissive organic molecules display generally moderate dissymmetry factors (10-5 ≤ g lum ≤ 10-3). However, recent efforts in this field show that g lum can be significantly enhanced when the chiral organic activators are part of chiral supramolecular assemblies or of liquid crystalline materials. At the other extreme, chiral EuIII- and SmIII-based complexes, which possess intra-shell parity-forbidden electric but allowed magnetic dipole transitions, have yielded the largest dissymmetry factor reported so far with g lum ~ 1.38. Consequently, 4f-based metal complexes with strong CPL are currently the best candidates for potential technological applications. They however suffer from the need for highly pure samples and from considerable production costs. In this context, chiral earth-abundant and cheap d-block metal complexes benefit from a renewed interest according that their CPL signal can be optimized despite the larger covalency displayed by d-block cations compared with 4f-block analogs. This essay thus aims at providing a minimum overview of the theoretical aspects rationalizing circularly polarized luminescence and their exploitation for the design of chiral emissive metal complexes with strong CPL. Beyond the corroboration that f-f transitions are ideal candidates for generating large dissymmetry factors, a special attention is focused on the recent attempts to use chiral CrIII-based complexes that reach values of g lum up to 0.2. This could pave the way for replacing high-cost rare earths with cheap transition metals for CPL applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doistau
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Parker D, Suturina EA, Kuprov I, Chilton NF. How the Ligand Field in Lanthanide Coordination Complexes Determines Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy, Paramagnetic NMR Shift, and Relaxation Behavior. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1520-1534. [PMID: 32667187 PMCID: PMC7467575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of lanthanide(III) ions are being actively studied because of their unique ground and excited state properties and the associated optical and magnetic behavior. In particular, they are used as emissive probes in optical spectroscopy and microscopy and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the design of new complexes with specific optical and magnetic properties requires a thorough understanding of the correlation between molecular structure and electric and magnetic susceptibilities, as well as their anisotropies. The traditional Judd-Ofelt-Mason theory has failed to offer useful guidelines for systematic design of emissive lanthanide optical probes. Similarly, Bleaney's theory of magnetic anisotropy and its modifications fail to provide accurate detail that permits new paramagnetic shift reagents to be designed rather than discovered.A key determinant of optical and magnetic behavior in f-element compounds is the ligand field, often considered as an electrostatic field at the lanthanide created by the ligands. The resulting energy level splitting is a sensitive function of several factors: the nature and polarizability of the whole ligand and its donor atoms; the geometric details of the coordination polyhedron; the presence and extent of solvent interactions; specific hydrogen bonding effects on donor atoms and the degree of supramolecular order in the system. The relative importance of these factors can vary widely for different lanthanide ions and ligands. For nuclear magnetic properties, it is both the ligand field splitting and the magnetic susceptibility tensor, notably its anisotropy, that determine paramagnetic shifts and nuclear relaxation enhancement.We review the factors that control the ligand field in lanthanide complexes and link these to aspects of their utility in magnetic resonance and optical emission spectroscopy and imaging. We examine recent progress in this area particularly in the theory of paramagnetic chemical shift and relaxation enhancement, where some long-neglected effects of zero-field splitting, magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, and spatial distribution of lanthanide tags have been accommodated in an elegant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | | | - Ilya Kuprov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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26
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Yang QY, Zhang HH, Han XL, Weng SD, Chen Y, Wu JL, Han LZ, Zhang XP, Shi ZF. Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence Activity in Chiral Platinum(II) Complexes With Bis- or Triphenylphosphine Ligands. Front Chem 2020; 8:303. [PMID: 32391328 PMCID: PMC7193082 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity was observed in chiral (C∧N∧N)Pt(II) [(C∧N∧N) = 4,5-pinene-6'-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine] complexes with bis- or triphenylphosphine ligands. Compared to the pseudo-square-planar geometry of chiral (C∧N∧N)Pt(II) complexes with chloride, phenylacetylene (PPV) and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (Dmpi) ligands, the coordination configuration around the Pt(II) nucleus of chiral (C∧N∧N)Pt(II) complexes with bulk phosphine ligands is far more distorted. The geometry is straightforwardly confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The phosphines' participation enhanced the CPL signal of Pt(II) complexes profoundly, with the dissymmetry factor (g lum) up to 10-3. The distorted structures and enhanced chiroptical signals were further confirmed by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Hua-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue-Ling Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Shi-Dao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Jia-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Li-Zhi Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Zai-Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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Kitagawa Y, Tsurui M, Hasegawa Y. Steric and Electronic Control of Chiral Eu(III) Complexes for Effective Circularly Polarized Luminescence. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3786-3791. [PMID: 32149204 PMCID: PMC7057317 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is characterized by the differential emission of right and left circularly polarized light by a chiral molecule. This mini-review describes the recent developments in chiral trivalent europium (Eu(III)) complexes with effective CPL. CPL has many potential applications in security tags, lasers, and three-dimensional organic electroluminescence devices, which is one of the most intensely investigated topics in molecular luminophores. Eu(III) complexes have attracted considerable attention as effective CPL luminophores for the above-mentioned applications. In this review, recent studies on the Eu(III) CPL, including the steric (dimer, tetramer, aggregates, and coordination polymers) and electronic control (mononuclear) of Eu(III) complexes for the construction of a luminophore with effective CPL, are discussed. The characteristic CPL applications employing the chiral mononuclear Eu(III) complexes are also described. Chiral Eu(III) complexes with well-designed organic ligands can result in the establishment of new research areas in the fields of photochemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty
of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design
and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- E-mail:
| | - Makoto Tsurui
- Faculty
of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty
of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design
and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- E-mail:
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Deng M, Mukthar NFM, Schley ND, Ung G. Yellow Circularly Polarized Luminescence from
C
1
‐Symmetrical Copper(I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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Deng M, Mukthar NFM, Schley ND, Ung G. Yellow Circularly Polarized Luminescence from
C
1
‐Symmetrical Copper(I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1228-1231. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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