1
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Weng W, Xue G, Pan Z. Development of visible-light-activatable photocaged PROTACs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116062. [PMID: 38128235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photocaged proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ light as a stimulus to control protein degradation, have recently garnered considerable attention as both powerful chemical tools and a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the poor penetration depth of traditionally used ultraviolet light and the deficiency of alternative caging positions have restricted their applications in biological systems. By installing a diverse array of photocaged groups, with excitation wavelengths ranging from 365 nm to 405 nm, onto different positions of cereblon (CRBN) and Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting Brd4 degraders, we conducted the first comprehensive study on visible-light-activatable photocaged PROTACs to the best of our knowledge. We found the A2, A4 and B3 positions to be most effective at regulating the activity of the degraders, and to provide the resulting molecules (9-12 and 17) as potent visible-light-controlled degraders in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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2
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Zhao HY, Xin M, Zhang SQ. Progress of small molecules for targeted protein degradation: PROTACs and other technologies. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:337-394. [PMID: 36606428 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of targeted protein degradation (TPD), especially proteolysis targeting chimeras. These degraders have manifested many advantages over small molecule inhibitors. To date, a huge number of degraders have been excavated against over 70 disease-related targets. In particular, degraders against estrogen receptor and androgen receptor have crowded into phase II clinical trial. TPD technologies largely expand the scope of druggable targets, and provide powerful tools for addressing intractable problems that can not be tackled by traditional small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we mainly focus on the structures and biological activities of small molecule degraders as well as the elucidation of mechanisms of emerging TPD technologies. We also propose the challenges that exist in the TPD field at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Do TC, Lau JW, Sun C, Liu S, Kha KT, Lim ST, Oon YY, Kwan YP, Ma JJ, Mu Y, Liu X, Carney TJ, Wang X, Xing B. Hypoxia deactivates epigenetic feedbacks via enzyme-derived clicking proteolysis-targeting chimeras. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2216. [PMID: 36516252 PMCID: PMC9750146 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mediation through bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins have progressively translated protein imbalance into effective cancer treatment. Perturbation of druggable BET proteins through proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has recently contributed to the discovery of effective therapeutics. Unfortunately, precise and microenvironment-activatable BET protein degradation content with promising tumor selectivity and pharmacological suitability remains elusive. Here, we present an enzyme-derived clicking PROTACs (ENCTACs) capable of orthogonally cross-linking two disparate small-molecule warhead ligands that recognize BET bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) protein and E3 ligase within tumors only upon hypoxia-induced activation of nitroreductase enzyme. This localized formation of heterobifunctional degraders promotes specific down-regulation of BRD4, which subsequently alters expression of epigenetic targets and, therefore, allows precise modulation of hypoxic signaling in live cells, zebrafish, and living mice with solid tumors. Our activation-feedback system demonstrates compelling superiorities and may enable the PROTAC technology with more flexible practicality and druggable potency for precision medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Cong Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Lau
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Caixia Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Songhan Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Khoa Tuan Kha
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Seok Ting Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yu Yang Oon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yuet Ping Kwan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Jia Jia Ma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Thomas James Carney
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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4
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Zhang Y, Peng S, Lin S, Ji M, Du T, Chen X, Xu H. Discovery of a novel photoswitchable PI3K inhibitor toward optically-controlled anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Zhang Q, Kounde CS, Mondal M, Greenfield JL, Baker JR, Kotelnikov S, Ignatov M, Tinworth CP, Zhang L, Conole D, De Vita E, Kozakov D, McCluskey A, Harling JD, Fuchter MJ, Tate EW. Light-mediated multi-target protein degradation using arylazopyrazole photoswitchable PROTACs (AP-PROTACs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10933-10936. [PMID: 36065962 PMCID: PMC9521323 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Light-activable spatiotemporal control of PROTAC-induced protein degradation was achieved with novel arylazopyrazole photoswitchable PROTACs (AP-PROTACs). The use of a promiscuous kinase inhibitor in the design enables this unique photoswitchable PROTAC to selectively degrade four protein kinases together with on/off optical control using different wavelengths of light. A new class of arylazopyrazole photoswitchable PROTACs (AP-PROTACs) enables light-triggered degradation of a specific ensemble of protein kinases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Cyrille S Kounde
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sergei Kotelnikov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Mikhail Ignatov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher P Tinworth
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Leran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - John D Harling
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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6
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Chen L, Wan X, Shan X, Zha W, Fan R. Smart PROTACs Enable Controllable Protein Degradation for Precision Cancer Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:283-291. [PMID: 35471699 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional chemicals that degrade proteins at the post-translational level, which represent an emerging therapeutic modality to fight cancer and other diseases. Although several PROTACs have now entered clinical trials, potential off-tissue side effects have resulted from nonspecific accumulation at non-cancerous sites after systemic administration, and this remains a major challenge. To this end, in the past 3 years, activatable PROTACs whose activity can only be launched on demand have gained tremendous momentum. In this review, we provide an overview of these new smart activatable PROTACs, which exert protein degradation action only in response to internal or external stimuli. We categorize these activatable PROTACs according to their activation mechanism contributed by different stimuli, including reduction-activatable, hypoxia-activatable, and enzyme-activatable PROTACs and photo-caged or photo-switchable PROTACs. The use of stimuli-responsive chemical blocks in these activatable PROTACs allows local activation of the antitumor effects while reducing the incidence of off-site side effects for precision cancer therapy. The design principle and category of smart PROTACs are introduced along with an overview of their therapeutic prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinqiang Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- Department of Geraeology, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Wenzhang Zha
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, 166 Yulong Road, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Rengen Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, 166 Yulong Road, Yancheng, 224001, China.
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7
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Wang T, Long K, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Liu J, Fong JH, Wong AS, Ng WL, Wang W. Optochemical Control of mTOR Signaling and mTOR-Dependent Autophagy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:149-155. [PMID: 35311017 PMCID: PMC8922298 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an important regulator of cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling provides both a potential target for cancer treatment and a research tool for investigation of cell metabolism. One inhibitor for both mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways, OSI-027, exhibited robust anticancer efficacy but induced side effects. Herein, we designed a photoactivatable OSI-027 prodrug, which allowed the release of OSI-027 after light irradiation to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway, triggering autophagy and leading to cell death. This photoactivatable prodrug can provide novel strategies for mTOR-targeting cancer therapy and act as a new tool for investigating mTOR signaling and its related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Kaiqi Long
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Xiaoding Jiang
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinzhao Liu
- Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - John H.C. Fong
- Laboratory
of Combinatorial Genetics and Synthetic Biology, School of Biomedical
Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
| | - Alan S.L. Wong
- Laboratory
of Combinatorial Genetics and Synthetic Biology, School of Biomedical
Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China,Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong, China
| | - Wai-Lung Ng
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China,
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8
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Targeted Cancer Therapy Using Compounds Activated by Light. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133237. [PMID: 34209493 PMCID: PMC8269035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is affected by a modest selectivity and toxic side effects of pharmacological interventions. Among novel approaches to overcome this limitation and to bring to therapy more potent and selective agents is the use of light for selective activation of anticancer compounds. In this review, we focus on the anticancer applications of two light-activated approaches still in the experimental phase: photoremovable protecting groups ("photocages") and photoswitches. We describe the structural considerations behind the development of novel compounds and the plethora of assays used to confirm whether the photochemical and pharmacological properties are meeting the stringent criteria for an efficient in vivo light-dependent activation. Despite its immense potential, light activation brings many challenges, and the complexity of the task is very demanding. Currently, we are still deeply in the phase of pharmacological tools, but the vivid research and rapid development bring the light of hope for potential clinical use.
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9
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Maneiro M, De Vita E, Conole D, Kounde CS, Zhang Q, Tate EW. PROTACs, molecular glues and bifunctionals from bench to bedside: Unlocking the clinical potential of catalytic drugs. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:67-190. [PMID: 34147206 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of currently marketed drugs rely on small molecules with an 'occupancy-driven' mechanism of action (MOA). Therefore, the efficacy of these therapeutics depends on a high degree of target engagement, which often requires high dosages and enhanced drug exposure at the target site, thus increasing the risk of off-target toxicities (Churcher, 2018 [1]). Although small molecule drugs have been successfully used as treatments for decades, tackling a variety of disease-relevant targets with a defined binding site, many relevant therapeutic targets remain challenging to drug due, for example, to lack of well-defined binding pockets or large protein-protein interaction (PPI) interfaces which resist interference (Dang et al., 2017 [2]). In the quest for alternative therapeutic approaches to address different pathologies and achieve enhanced efficacy with reduced side effects, ligand-induced targeted protein degradation (TPD) has gained the attention of many research groups both in academia and in industry in the last two decades. This therapeutic modality represents a novel paradigm compared to conventional small-molecule inhibitors. To pursue this strategy, heterobifunctional small molecule degraders, termed PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have been devised to artificially redirect a protein of interest (POI) to the cellular protein homeostasis machinery for proteasomal degradation (Chamberlain et al., 2019 [3]). In this chapter, the development of PROTACs will first be discussed providing a historical perspective in parallel to the experimental progress made to understand this novel therapeutic modality. Furthermore, common strategies for PROTAC design, including assays and troubleshooting tips will be provided for the reader, before presenting a compendium of all PROTAC targets reported in the literature to date. Due to the recent advancement of these molecules into clinical trials, consideration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties will be introduced, together with the biotech landscape that has developed from the success of PROTACs. Finally, an overview of subsequent strategies for targeted protein degradation will be presented, concluding with further scientific quests triggered by the invention of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C S Kounde
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Zeng S, Zhang H, Shen Z, Huang W. Photopharmacology of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: A New Frontier for Drug Discovery. Front Chem 2021; 9:639176. [PMID: 33777902 PMCID: PMC7987681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology is an emerging field that uses light to precisely control drug activity. This strategy promises to improve drug specificity for reducing off-target effects. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an advanced technology engineered to degrade pathogenic proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system for disease treatment. This approach has the potential to target the undruggable proteome via event-driven pharmacology. Recently, the combination strategy of photopharmacology and PROTACs has gained tremendous momentum for its use in the discovery and development of new therapies. This review systematically focuses on PROTAC-based photopharmacology. Herein, we provide an overview of the new and vibrant research on photoPROTACs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach as a biological tool, and outline the challenges it faces in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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