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Zhong C, Zhu R, Jiang T, Tian S, Zhao X, Wan X, Jiang S, Chen Z, Gong R, He L, Yang J, Ye N, Cheng Y. Design and Characterization of a Novel eEF2K Degrader with Potent Therapeutic Efficacy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305035. [PMID: 38084501 PMCID: PMC10837347 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated eEF2K expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), making it a plausible therapeutic target. However, specific eEF2K inhibitors with potent anti-cancer activity have not been available so far. Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a new strategy for drug discovery. In this study, a novel small molecule chemical is designed and synthesized, named as compound C1, which shows potent activity in degrading eEF2K. C1 selectively binds to F8, L10, R144, C146, E229, and Y236 of the eEF2K protein and promotes its proteasomal degradation by increasing the interaction between eEF2K and the ubiquitin E3 ligase βTRCP in the form of molecular glue. C1 significantly inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo and in TNBC patient-derived organoids, and these antitumor effects are attributed to the degradation of eEF2K by C1. Additionally, combination treatment of C1 with paclitaxel, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, exhibits synergistic anti-tumor effects against TNBC. This study not only generates a powerful research tool to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting eEF2K, but also provides a promising lead compound for developing novel drugs for the treatment of TNBC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Zhong
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative DrugChangsha410011China
| | - Rongfeng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative DrugChangsha410011China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Xiaobao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Xiaoya Wan
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative DrugChangsha410011China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Department of PharmacyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
| | - Zonglin Chen
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Rong Gong
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative DrugChangsha410011China
| | - Linhao He
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative DrugChangsha410011China
| | - Jin‐Ming Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and ToxicologyDepartment of PharmacologyCollege of Medicine and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Na Ye
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative DrugChangsha410011China
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University)Changsha410011China
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Pang K, Wang W, Qin J, Shi Z, Hao L, Ma Y, Xu H, Wu Z, Pan D, Chen Z, Han C. Role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling, disease, and the intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e175. [DOI: 10.1002/mco2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical College Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jia‐Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhen‐Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yu‐Yang Ma
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Zhuo‐Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, Queens New York New York USA
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, Queens New York New York USA
| | - Cong‐Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Fu Q, Liu X, Li Y, Wang P, Wu T, Xiao H, Zhao Y, Liao Q, Song Z. Discovery of New Inhibitors of eEF2K from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on In Silico Screening and In Vitro Experimental Validation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154886. [PMID: 35956836 PMCID: PMC9369671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is a highly conserved α kinase and is increasingly considered as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer as well as other diseases. However, so far, no selective and potent inhibitors of eEF2K have been identified. In this study, pharmacophore screening, homology modeling, and molecular docking methods were adopted to screen novel inhibitor hits of eEF2K from the traditional Chinese medicine database (TCMD), and then cytotoxicity assay and western blotting were performed to verify the validity of the screen. Resultantly, after two steps of screening, a total of 1077 chemicals were obtained as inhibitor hits for eEF2K from all 23,034 compounds in TCMD. Then, to verify the validity, the top 10 purchasable chemicals were further analyzed. Afterward, Oleuropein and Rhoifolin, two reported antitumor chemicals, were found to have low cytotoxicity but potent inhibitory effects on eEF2K activity. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation, pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyses were conducted to evaluate the property and potential of Oleuropein and Rhoifolin to be drugs. Together, by integrating in silico screening and in vitro biochemical studies, Oleuropein and Rhoifolin were revealed as novel eEF2K inhibitors, which will shed new lights for eEF2K-targeting drug development and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziyi Song
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-771-3235635
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Comert Onder F, Siyah P, Durdagi S, Ay M, Ozpolat B. Novel etodolac derivatives as eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:840-849. [PMID: 35923718 PMCID: PMC9298183 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00105e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) has been shown to be an important molecular driver of tumorigenesis and validated as a potential novel molecular target in various solid cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, there has been significant interest in identifying novel inhibitors of eEF2K for the development of targeted therapeutics and clinical translation. Herein, we investigated the effects of indole ring containing derivatives of etodolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug, as potential eEF2K inhibitors and we designed and synthesized seven novel compounds with a pyrano[3,4-b] indole core structure. We evaluated the eEF2K inhibitory activity of seven of these novel compounds using in silico molecular modeling and in vitro studies in TNBC cell lines. We identified two novel compounds (EC1 and EC7) with significant in vitro activity in inhibiting eEF2K in TNBC cells. In conclusion, our studies indicate that pyrano[3,4-b] indole scaffold containing compounds demonstrate marked eEF2K inhibitory activity and they may be used as eEF2K inhibitors for the development of eEF2K-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Comert Onder
- Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422 Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Arts 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Pinar Siyah
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University 34734 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University 34734 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ay
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Arts 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422 Houston TX 77030 USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
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Piserchio A, Isiorho EA, Long K, Bohanon AL, Kumar EA, Will N, Jeruzalmi D, Dalby KN, Ghose R. Structural basis for the calmodulin-mediated activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2039. [PMID: 35857468 PMCID: PMC9258954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Translation is a tightly regulated process that ensures optimal protein quality and enables adaptation to energy/nutrient availability. The α-kinase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), a key regulator of translation, specifically phosphorylates the guanosine triphosphatase eEF-2, thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome and suppressing the elongation phase of protein synthesis. eEF-2K activation requires calmodulin binding and autophosphorylation at the primary stimulatory site, T348. Biochemical studies predict a calmodulin-mediated activation mechanism for eEF-2K distinct from other calmodulin-dependent kinases. Here, we resolve the atomic details of this mechanism through a 2.3-Å crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of calmodulin and the functional core of eEF-2K (eEF-2KTR). This structure, which represents the activated T348-phosphorylated state of eEF-2KTR, highlights an intimate association of the kinase with the calmodulin C-lobe, creating an "activation spine" that connects its amino-terminal calmodulin-targeting motif to its active site through a conserved regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Eta A. Isiorho
- Macromolecular Crystallization Facility, CUNY ASRC, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Kimberly Long
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda L. Bohanon
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eric A. Kumar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nathan Will
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Jeruzalmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
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