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Harwood LA, Xiong Z, Christensen KE, Wang R, Wong LL, Robertson J. Selective P450 BM3 Hydroxylation of Cyclobutylamine and Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamine Derivatives: Underpinning Synthetic Chemistry for Drug Discovery. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27767-27773. [PMID: 38051939 PMCID: PMC10740007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving single-step syntheses of a set of related compounds divergently and selectively from a common starting material affords substantial efficiency gains when compared with preparing those same compounds by multiple individual syntheses. In order for this approach to be realized, complementary reagent systems must be available; here, a panel of engineered P450BM3 enzymes is shown to fulfill this remit in the selective C-H hydroxylation of cyclobutylamine derivatives at chemically unactivated sites. The oxidations can proceed with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, producing valuable bifunctional intermediates for synthesis and applications in fragment-based drug discovery. The process also applies to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) amine derivatives to achieve the first direct enantioselective functionalization of the bridging methylenes and open a short and efficient route to chiral BCP bioisosteres for medicinal chemistry. The combination of substrate, enzyme, and reaction engineering provides a powerful general platform for small-molecule elaboration and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Harwood
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ziyue Xiong
- Oxford
Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Oxford
Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Oxford
Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Zheng Y, Li J, Qi C, Wu W, Jiang H. Rapid assembly of structurally diverse cyanamides and disulfanes via base-mediated aminoalkylation of aryl thiourea. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33047-33052. [PMID: 37954416 PMCID: PMC10632727 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A general method for the preparation of cyanamides and disulfanes from aryl thiourea and halide through a base-mediated strategy is described. Mercaptan and N-aryl cyanamide are the key intermediates in the reaction. The current method is convenient, eco-friendly, and has high yields for the synthesis of substituted cyanamide and functional disulfanes in a one-pot procedure from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Zheng
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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Congiu M, Micheli L, Santoni M, Sagheddu C, Muntoni AL, Makriyannis A, Malamas MS, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pistis M. N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibition Potentiates Morphine Analgesia and Delays the Development of Tolerance. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2722-2736. [PMID: 34553321 PMCID: PMC8804012 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are essential drugs for pain management, although long-term use is accompanied by tolerance, necessitating dose escalation, and dependence. Pharmacological treatments that enhance opioid analgesic effects and/or attenuate the development of tolerance (with a desirable opioid-sparing effect in treating pain) are actively sought. Among them, N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid neuromodulator with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, was shown to exert anti-hyperalgesic effects and to delay the emergence of morphine tolerance. A selective augmentation in endogenous PEA levels can be achieved by inhibiting N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), one of its primary hydrolyzing enzymes. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that NAAA inhibition, with the novel brain permeable NAAA inhibitor AM11095, modulates morphine's antinociceptive effects and attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in rats. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the pain threshold to noxious mechanical stimuli and, as a neural correlate, we conducted in vivo electrophysiological recordings from pain-sensitive locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons in anesthetized rats. AM11095 dose-dependently (3-30 mg/kg) enhanced the antinociceptive effects of morphine and delayed the development of tolerance to chronic morphine in behaving rats. Consistently, AM11095 enhanced morphine-induced attenuation of the response of LC neurons to foot-shocks and prevented the attenuation of morphine effects following chronic treatment. Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of AM11095 on chronic morphine were paralleled by a decrease in glial activation in the spinal cord, an index of opioid-induced neuroinflammation. NAAA inhibition might represent a potential novel therapeutic approach to increase the analgesic effects of opioids and delay the development of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Congiu
- Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Santoni
- Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Sagheddu
- Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Muntoni
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Malamas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.
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