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Li Y, Liu C, Han X, Sheng R, Bao L, Lei L, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li S, Wang C, Wei X, Wang J, Peng Z, Xu Y, Si S. The novel small molecule E0924G dually regulates bone formation and bone resorption through activating the PPARδ signaling pathway to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats and senile mice. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107364. [PMID: 38636434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is particularly prevalent among postmenopausal women and the elderly. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the novel small molecule E0924G (N-(4-methoxy-pyridine-2-yl)-5-methylfuran-2-formamide) on osteoporosis. E0924G significantly increased the protein expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and thus significantly promoted osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. E0924G also significantly decreased osteoclast differentiation and inhibited bone resorption and F-actin ring formation in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts from RAW264.7 macrophages. Importantly, oral administration of E0924G in both ovariectomized (OVX) rats and SAMP6 senile mice significantly increased bone mineral density and decreased bone loss compared to OVX controls or SAMR1 mice. Further mechanistic studies showed that E0924G could bind to and then activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), and the pro-osteoblast effect and the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation induced by E0924G were significantly abolished when PPARδ was knocked down or inhibited. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that E0924G has the potential to prevent OVX-induced and age-related osteoporosis by dual regulation of bone formation and bone resorption through activation of the PPARδ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ren Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yexiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zonggen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuyi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China.
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Sun G, Zhan SP, Zhao YF, Du X, Shi MY, Li J, Yuan H, Wen X, Sun H, Xu QL. Organophosphorus-Catalyzed Direct Dehydroxylative Thioetherification of Alcohols with Hypervalent Organosulfur Compounds. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38173188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free and thiol-free organophosphorus-catalyzed method for forming thioethers was disclosed, driven by PIII/PV═O redox cycling. In this work, one-step dehydroxylative thioetherification of alcohols was fulfilled with various hypervalent organosulfur compounds. This established strategy features an excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, especially inactivated alcohols. The scale-up reaction and further transformation of the product were also successful. Additionally, this method offers a protecting-group-free and step-efficient approach for synthesizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists which exhibited promising potential for treating osteoporosis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi-Ping Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xingyi Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mao-Ying Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Feng Z, Xiang J, Sun G, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu X, Feng J, Xu Q, Wen X, Yuan H, Sun H, Dai L. Discovery of the First Subnanomolar PPARα/δ Dual Agonist for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37243609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors α/δ (PPARα/δ) are considered as potential drug targets for cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) via ameliorating hepatic cholestasis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this work, we developed a series of hydantoin derivatives as potent PPARα/δ dual agonists. Representative compound V1 exhibited PPARα/δ dual agonistic activity at the subnanomolar level (PPARα EC50 = 0.7 nM; PPARδ EC50 = 0.4 nM) and showed excellent selectivity over other related nuclear receptors. The crystal structure revealed the binding mode of V1 and PPARδ at 2.1 Å resolution. Importantly, V1 demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and a good safety profile. Notably, V1 showed potent anti-CLD and antifibrotic effects in preclinical models at very low doses (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg). Collectively, this work provides a promising drug candidate for treating CLD and other hepatic fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiehao Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Song JY, Park JS, Kim JH, Wang JH, Heck HC, Heck BE, Kim DH, Yoo KH. PPARδ Agonist Promotes Type II Cartilage Formation in a Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192934. [PMID: 36230897 PMCID: PMC9564068 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease accompanied by an inflammatory milieu that results in painful joints. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial, with genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and traumatic injury resulting in the direct or indirect loss of cartilage. The articular cartilage can also be damaged by direct focal traumatic injury. Articular cartilage provides a smooth, deformable bearing surface with a low coefficient of friction, increased contact area, and reduced contact stress. Articular type II hyaline cartilage lines the synovial joints and, when injured, has a limited ability for repair, except for the most superficial layers via diffusion from the synovial fluid, secondary to no blood supply, a complex structure, and a low metabolic rate. Restoring the articular surface can relieve pain and restore function. Although many strategies have been developed to regenerate type II collagen based on the extent of the lesion, surgical treatments are still evolving. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonist and collagen treatment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance the chondrogenic capacity in vitro. We present a novel technique for cartilage restoration in a rabbit cartilage osteochondral defect model using a PPARδ agonist (GW0742)-infused 3D collagen scaffold to induce type II cartilage from MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Jae-Suh Park
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Holly C. Heck
- Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH 45840, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Natural Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Bruce E. Heck
- Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH 45840, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Natural Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH 45840, USA
- Correspondence: (D.-H.K.); (K.-H.Y.); Tel.: +82-2008-4147 (D.-H.K.); +82-2-3410-3532 (K.-H.Y.)
| | - Keon-Hee Yoo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.K.); (K.-H.Y.); Tel.: +82-2008-4147 (D.-H.K.); +82-2-3410-3532 (K.-H.Y.)
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Tanaka M, Fujii S, Inoue H, Takahashi N, Ishimi Y, Uehara M. (S)-Equol Is More Effective than (R)-Equol in Inhibiting Osteoclast Formation and Enhancing Osteoclast Apoptosis, and Reduces Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:1831-1842. [PMID: 35675296 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equol, a metabolite of daidzein, binds to the estrogen receptor with greater affinity than daidzein and exhibits various biological properties. It exists as an enantiomer, either (S)-equol or (R)-equol. OBJECTIVES We have previously shown that the inhibitory effect of (S)-equol on bone fragility is stronger than that of racemic equol in ovariectomized (OVX) mice; however, the effect of (R)-equol has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the activities of equol enantiomers on bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Bone marrow cells (BMCs) and RAW 264.7 cells were treated with equol enantiomers. The number of osteoclasts and caspase-3/7 activity were measured. We examined the effect of equol enantiomers on osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, 8-wk-old female ddY mice were assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated (sham), OVX, OVX + 0.5 mg/d of (S)-equol (S-eq), and OVX + 0.5 mg/d of (R)-equol (R-eq). Four weeks after the intervention, femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclastic gene expression were analyzed, along with concentrations of equol enantiomers in the serum and tissues. RESULTS (S)-equol and (R)-equol inhibited osteoclast differentiation in BMCs (97% and 60%, P < 0.05) and RAW 264.7 cells (83% and 68%, P < 0.05). (S)-equol promoted apoptosis of mature osteoclasts by inducing caspase-3/7 activity (29%, P < 0.05) and enhanced osteoblast differentiation (29%, P < 0.05). In OVX mice, BMD was ameliorated in (S)-equol-treated mice (11%, P < 0.05), but not in (R)-equol-treated mice. The concentrations of (S)-equol were greater than those of (R)-equol in the serum, tibia, liver, and kidney (by 148%, 80%, 22%, and 139%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that (S)-equol is more effective than (R)-equol in inhibiting osteoclast formation and enhancing osteoclast apoptosis in vitro, supporting the beneficial effect of (S)-equol to reduce estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miori Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shungo Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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