1
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Staerz SD, Anamoah C, Tepe JJ. 20S proteasome enhancers prevent cytotoxic tubulin polymerization-promoting protein induced α-synuclein aggregation. iScience 2024; 27:110166. [PMID: 38974969 PMCID: PMC11225362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases defined by the presence of α-synuclein inclusions. The location and composition of these α-synuclein inclusions directly correlate to the disease pattern. The inclusions in Multiple System Atrophy are located predominantly in oligodendrocytes and are rich in a second protein, p25α. P25α plays a key role in neuronal myelination by oligodendrocytes. In healthy oligodendrocytes, there is little to no α-synuclein present. If aberrant α-synuclein is present, p25α leaves the myelin sheaths and quickly co-aggregates with α-synuclein, resulting in the disruption of the cellular process and ultimately cell death. Herein, we report that p25α is susceptible for 20S proteasome-mediated degradation and that p25α induces α-synuclein aggregation, resulting in proteasome impairment and cell death. In addition, we identified small molecules 20S proteasome enhancers that prevent p25α induced α-synuclein fibrilization, restore proteasome impairment, and enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D. Staerz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Charles Anamoah
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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2
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Salazar-Chaparro A, Kragness K, Feleciano D, Trader DJ. AM404 Analogs as Activators of the 20S Isoform of the Human Proteasome. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400284. [PMID: 38609329 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multisubunit protease system responsible for the majority of the protein turnover in eukaryotic organisms. Dysregulation of this enzymatic complex leads to protein accumulation, subsequent aggregation, and ultimately diseased states; for that reason, positive modulation of its activity has been recently investigated as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and age-related diseases. The small molecule AM404 was recently identified as an activator of the 20S isoform of the proteasome and further exploration of the scaffold revealed the importance of the polyunsaturated fatty acid chain to elicit activity. Herein, we report the investigation of the aromatic region of the scaffold and the evaluation of the small molecules in a variety of proteasome activity and protein degradation assays. We found that derivatives A22 and A23, compared to AM404, exhibit enhanced proteasome activity in biochemical and cellular proteasome assays and more favorable cellular viability profiles. Additionally, these compounds demonstrate the ability to degrade intrinsically disordered proteins, regardless of their molecular weight, and the ability to restore the proteasome activity in the presence of toxic oligomeric α-Syn species in a biochemical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Salazar-Chaparro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Kate Kragness
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, 856 Health Sciences Way, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States
| | | | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, 856 Health Sciences Way, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States
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3
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Yu Q, Wang Z, Tu Y, Cao Y, Zhu H, Shao J, Zhuang R, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Proteasome activation: A novel strategy for targeting undruggable intrinsically disordered proteins. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107217. [PMID: 38368657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by their inability to adopt well-defined tertiary structures under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, they often play pivotal roles in the progression of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular ailments. Owing to their inherent dynamism, conventional drug design approaches based on structural considerations encounter substantial challenges when applied to IDPs. Consequently, the pursuit of therapeutic interventions directed towards IDPs presents a complex endeavor. While there are indeed existing methodologies for targeting IDPs, they are encumbered by noteworthy constrains. Hence, there exists an imminent imperative to investigate more efficacious and universally applicable strategies for modulating IDPs. Here, we present an overview of the latest advancements in the research pertaining to IDPs, along with the indirect regulation approach involving the modulation of IDP degradation through proteasome. By comprehending these advancements in research, novel insights can be generated to facilitate the development of new drugs targeted at addressing the accumulation of IDPs in diverse pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yutong Tu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yubo Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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4
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Türker F, Bharadwaj RA, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR, Hyde TM, White CJ, Williams DW, Margolis SS. Orthogonal approaches required to measure proteasome composition and activity in mammalian brain tissue. J Biol Chem 2023:104811. [PMID: 37172721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are large macromolecular complexes with multiple distinct catalytic activities that are each vital to human brain health and disease. Despite their importance, standardized approaches to investigate proteasomes have not been universally adapted. Here, we describe pitfalls and define straightforward orthogonal biochemical approaches essential to measure and understand changes in proteasome composition and activity in the mammalian central nervous system. Through our experimentation in the mammalian brain, we determined an abundance of catalytically active proteasomes exist with and without a 19S cap(s), the regulatory particle essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Moreover, we learned that in-cell measurements using activity-based probes (ABPs) are more sensitive in determining the available activity of the 20S proteasome without the 19S cap and in measuring individual catalytic subunit activities of each β subunit within all neuronal proteasomes. Subsequently, applying these tools to human brain samples, we were surprised to find that post-mortem tissue retained little to no 19S-capped proteasome, regardless of age, sex, or disease state. Comparing brain tissues (parahippocampal gyrus) from human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and unaffected subjects, available 20S proteasome activity was significantly elevated in severe cases of AD, an observation not previously noted. Taken together, our study establishes standardized approaches for comprehensive investigation of proteasomes in mammalian brain tissue, and we reveal new insight into brain proteasome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Türker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rahul A Bharadwaj
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cory J White
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth S Margolis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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5
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Staerz S, Lisabeth EM, Njomen E, Dexheimer TS, Neubig RR, Tepe JJ. Development of a Cell-Based AlphaLISA Assay for High-Throughput Screening for Small Molecule Proteasome Modulators. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15650-15659. [PMID: 37151549 PMCID: PMC10157846 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The balance between protein degradation and protein synthesis is a highly choreographed process generally called proteostasis. Most intracellular protein degradation occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This degradation takes place through either a ubiquitin-dependent or a ubiquitin-independent proteasomal pathway. The ubiquitin-independent pathway selectively targets unfolded proteins, including intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Dysregulation of proteolysis can lead to the accumulation of IDPs, seen in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Therefore, the enhancement of the proteolytic activity of the 20S proteasome using small molecules has been identified as a promising pathway to combat IDP accumulation. Currently, there are a limited number of known small molecules that enhance the activity of the 20S proteasome, and few are observed to exhibit enhanced proteasome activity in cell culture. Herein, we describe the development of a high-throughput screening assay to identify cell-permeable proteasome enhancers by utilizing an AlphaLISA platform that measures the degradation of a GFP conjugated intrinsically disordered protein, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Through the screening of the Prestwick and NIH Clinical Libraries, a kinase inhibitor, erlotinib, was identified as a new 20S proteasome enhancer, which enhances the degradation of ODC in cells and α-synuclein in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia
D. Staerz
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Erika M. Lisabeth
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Evert Njomen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Thomas S. Dexheimer
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard R. Neubig
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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6
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Vanecek AS, Mojsilovic-Petrovic J, Kalb RG, Tepe JJ. Enhanced Degradation of Mutant C9ORF72-Derived Toxic Dipeptide Repeat Proteins by 20S Proteasome Activation Results in Restoration of Proteostasis and Neuroprotection. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37015082 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in an intron of gene C9ORF72 is the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The HRE undergoes noncanonical translation (repeat-associated non-ATG translation) resulting in the production of five distinct dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins. Arginine-rich DPR proteins have shown to be toxic to motor neurons, and recent evidence suggests this toxicity is associated with disruption of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we report the ability of known 20S proteasome activator, TCH-165, to enhance the degradation of DPR proteins and overcome proteasome impairment evoked by DPR proteins. Furthermore, the 20S activator protects rodent motor neurons from DPR protein toxicity and restores proteostasis in cortical neuron cultures. This study suggests that 20S proteasome enhancers may have therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases that display proteostasis defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Vanecek
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jelena Mojsilovic-Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Robert G Kalb
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jetze J Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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7
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Halder S, Macatangay NJ, Zerfas BL, Salazar-Chaparro AF, Trader DJ. Oleic amide derivatives as small molecule stimulators of the human proteasome's core particle. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1077-1081. [PMID: 36324496 PMCID: PMC9491356 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of oleic acid amide derivatives were synthesized based on our previous and continuing endeavors towards stimulation of the 20S core particle of the proteasome (20S CP) with the goal of increasing the protein degradation rate via the ubiquitin-independent pathway. The designed compounds were tested in a variety of biochemical and cell-based assays to assess their ability to increase the rate of hydrolysis of the 20S CP, and compared to a known fatty acid amide stimulator of the 20S CP, AM-404. AM-404 was previously described to stimulate the activity of the 20S CP, however, it does negatively affect viability of cells after prolonged dosing. Here we report the development of several small molecules with a similar ability to enhance the activity of the 20S CP as AM-404. While one molecule (17) was just as potent as AM-404, it still caused significant unwanted cytotoxicity. Molecules such as these are compatible with biochemical assays and short-term cell-based proteasome activity assays, but their unwanted toxicity limits their use in prolonged cell assays or in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saayak Halder
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University 575 W Stadium Ave West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Nathaniel J Macatangay
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University 575 W Stadium Ave West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Breanna L Zerfas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University 575 W Stadium Ave West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Andres F Salazar-Chaparro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University 575 W Stadium Ave West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University 575 W Stadium Ave West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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