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Haque A, Alenezi KM, Alsukaibi AKD, Al-Otaibi AA, Wong WY. Water-Soluble Small Organic Fluorophores for Oncological Theragnostic Applications: Progress and Development. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:14. [PMID: 38671325 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major noncommunicable diseases, responsible for millions of deaths every year worldwide. Though various cancer detection and treatment modalities are available today, many deaths occur owing to its late-stage detection and metastatic nature. Noninvasive detection using luminescence-based imaging tools is considered one of the promising techniques owing to its low cost, high sensitivity, and brightness. Moreover, these tools are unique and valuable as they can detect even the slightest changes in the cellular microenvironment. To achieve this, a fluorescent probe with strong tumor uptake and high spatial and temporal resolution, especially with high water solubility, is highly demanded. Recently, several water-soluble molecules with emission windows in the visible (400-700 nm), first near-infrared (NIR-I, 700-1000 nm), and second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) windows have been reported in literature. This review highlights recently reported water-soluble small organic fluorophores/dyes with applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. We systematically highlight and describe the key concepts, structural classes of fluorophores, strategies for imparting water solubility, and applications in cancer therapy and diagnosis, i.e., theragnostics. We discuss examples of water-soluble fluorescent probes based on coumarin, xanthene, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and cyanine cores. Some other emerging classes of dyes based on carbocyclic and heterocyclic cores are also discussed. Besides, emerging molecular engineering methods to obtain such fluorophores are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this research area are also delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi Alsukaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Chazeau E, Fabre C, Privat M, Godard A, Racoeur C, Bodio E, Busser B, Wegner KD, Sancey L, Paul C, Goze C. Comparison of the In Vitro and In Vivo Behavior of a Series of NIR-II-Emitting Aza-BODIPYs Containing Different Water-Solubilizing Groups and Their Trastuzumab Antibody Conjugates. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3679-3691. [PMID: 38393818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of new fluorescent organic probes effective in the NIR-II region is currently a fast-growing field and represents a challenge in the domain of medical imaging. In this study, we have designed and synthesized an innovative series of aza-boron dipyrromethenes emitting in the NIR-II region. We have investigated the effect of different water-solubilizing groups not only on the photophysical properties of the compounds but also on their in vitro and in vivo performance after bioconjugation to the antibody trastuzumab. Remarkably, we discovered that the most lipophilic compound unexpectedly displayed the most favorable in vivo properties after bioconjugation. This underlines the profound influence that the fluorophore functionalization approach can have on the efficiency of the resulting imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chazeau
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, Dijon 21078, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris 75000, France
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Christol Fabre
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38000, France
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA), Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Malorie Privat
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, Dijon 21078, France
| | - Amélie Godard
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, Dijon 21078, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris 75000, France
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, Dijon 21078, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38000, France
- Grenoble Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA), Grenoble 38043, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75005, France
| | - K David Wegner
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris 75000, France
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Christine Goze
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, Dijon 21078, France
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Pewklang T, Saiyasombat W, Chueakwon P, Ouengwanarat B, Chansaenpak K, Kampaengsri S, Lai RY, Kamkaew A. Revolutionary Pyrazole-based Aza-BODIPY: Harnessing Photothermal Power Against Cancer Cells and Bacteria. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300653. [PMID: 38095754 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer therapy and treatment of bacterial infection, photothermal therapy (PTT) stands out as a potential strategy. The challenge, however, is to create photothermal agents that can perform both imaging and PTT, a so-called theranostic agent. Photothermal agents that absorb and emit in the near-infrared region (750-900 nm) have recently received a lot of attention due to the extensive penetration of NIR light in biological tissues. In this study, we combined pyrazole with aza-BODIPY (PY-AZB) to develop a novel photothermal agent. PY-AZB demonstrated great photostability with a photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 33 %. Additionally, PY-AZB can permeate cancer cells at a fast accumulation rate in less than 6 hours, according to the confocal images. Furthermore, in vitro photothermal therapy results showed that PY-AZB effectively eliminated cancer cells by up to 70 %. Interestingly, PY-AZB exhibited antibacterial activities against both gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli 780, and gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 1466. The results exhibit a satisfactory bactericidal effect against bacteria, with a killing efficiency of up to 100 % upon laser irradiation. As a result, PY-AZB may provide a viable option for photothermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Pewklang
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Worakrit Saiyasombat
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Piyasiri Chueakwon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Bongkot Ouengwanarat
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120
| | - Sastiya Kampaengsri
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Rung-Yi Lai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
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Dunn B, Hanafi M, Hummel J, Cressman JR, Veneziano R, Chitnis PV. NIR-II Nanoprobes: A Review of Components-Based Approaches to Next-Generation Bioimaging Probes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:954. [PMID: 37627839 PMCID: PMC10451329 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging techniques offer valuable insights into cell- and tissue-level processes. However, these optical imaging modalities are limited by scattering and absorption in tissue, resulting in the low-depth penetration of imaging. Contrast-enhanced imaging in the near-infrared window improves imaging penetration by taking advantage of reduced autofluorescence and scattering effects. Current contrast agents for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging face several limitations from photostability and targeting specificity, highlighting the need for a novel imaging probe development. This review covers a broad range of near-infrared fluorescent and photoacoustic contrast agents, including organic dyes, polymers, and metallic nanostructures, focusing on their optical properties and applications in cellular and animal imaging. Similarly, we explore encapsulation and functionalization technologies toward building targeted, nanoscale imaging probes. Bioimaging applications such as angiography, tumor imaging, and the tracking of specific cell types are discussed. This review sheds light on recent advancements in fluorescent and photoacoustic nanoprobes in the near-infrared window. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers working in fields of biomedical imaging and nanotechnology, facilitating the development of innovative nanoprobes for improved diagnostic approaches in preclinical healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA (R.V.)
| | - Marzieh Hanafi
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA (R.V.)
| | - John Hummel
- Department of Physics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - John R. Cressman
- Department of Physics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Rémi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA (R.V.)
| | - Parag V. Chitnis
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA (R.V.)
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Li J, Ji A, Lei M, Xuan L, Song R, Feng X, Lin H, Chen H. Hypsochromic Shift Donor-Acceptor NIR-II Dye for High-Efficiency Tumor Imaging. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, second near-infrared window (NIR-II) dyes' development focuses on pursuing a longer absorption/emission wavelength and higher quantum yield, which usually means an extended π conjugation system, resulting in an enormous molecular weight and poor druggability. Most researchers thought that the reduced π conjugation system would bring on a blueshift spectrum that causes dim imaging qualities. Little efforts have been made to study smaller NIR-II dyes with a reduced π conjugation system. Herein, we synthesized a reduced π conjugation system donor-acceptor (D-A) probe TQ-1006 (Em = 1006 nm). Compared with its counterpart donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure TQT-1048 (Em = 1048 nm), TQ-1006 exhibited comparable excellent blood vessels, lymphatic drainage imaging performance, and a higher tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio. An RGD conjugated probe TQ-RGD showed an extra high contrast tumor imaging (T/N ≥ 10), further proving D-A dyes' excellent NIR-II biomedical imaging applications. Overall, the D-A framework provides a promising approach to designing next-generation NIR-II fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lei
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Xuan
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ruihu Song
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Lin
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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