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Adamska JM, Leftheriotis S, Bosma R, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Multiplex Detection of Fluorescent Chemokine Binding to CXC Chemokine Receptors by NanoBRET. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5018. [PMID: 38732237 PMCID: PMC11084278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
NanoLuc-mediated bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) has gained popularity for its ability to homogenously measure ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the subfamily of chemokine receptors. These receptors, such as ACKR3, CXCR4, CXCR3, play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, are associated with inflammatory diseases and cancer, and are seen as promising drug targets. The aim of this study was to optimize NanoBRET-based ligand binding to NLuc-ACKR3 and NLuc-CXCR4 using different fluorescently labeled chemokine CXCL12 analogs and their use in a multiplex NanoBRET binding assay of two chemokine receptors at the same time. The four fluorescent CXCL12 analogs (CXCL12-AZD488, -AZD546, -AZD594, -AZD647) showed high-affinity saturable binding to both NLuc-ACKR3 and NLuc-CXCR4, with relatively low levels of non-specific binding. Additionally, the binding of all AZDye-labeled CXCL12s to Nluc receptors was inhibited by pharmacologically relevant unlabeled chemokines and small molecules. The NanoBRET binding assay for CXCL10-AZD488 binding to Nluc-CXCR3 was also successfully established and successfully employed for the simultaneous measurement of the binding of unlabeled small molecules to NLuc-CXCR3 and NLuc-CXCR4. In conclusion, multiplexing the NanoBRET-based competition binding assay is a promising tool for testing unlabeled (small) molecules against multiple GPCRs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.L.); (H.F.V.)
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2
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White CW, Platt S, Kilpatrick LE, Dale N, Abhayawardana RS, Dekkers S, Kindon ND, Kellam B, Stocks MJ, Pfleger KDG, Hill SJ. CXCL17 is an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR4 through a mechanism of action involving glycosaminoglycans. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eabl3758. [PMID: 38502733 PMCID: PMC7615768 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CXCL17 is a chemokine principally expressed by mucosal tissues, where it facilitates chemotaxis of monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages and has antimicrobial properties. CXCL17 is also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory disorders and progression of several cancers, and its expression is increased during viral infections of the lung. However, the exact role of CXCL17 in health and disease requires further investigation, and there is a need for confirmed molecular targets mediating CXCL17 functional responses. Using a range of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays, here we demonstrated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4-mediated signaling and ligand binding. Moreover, CXCL17 interacted with neuropillin-1, a VEGFR2 coreceptor. In addition, we found that CXCL17 only inhibited CXCR4 ligand binding in intact cells and demonstrated that this effect was mimicked by known glycosaminoglycan binders, surfen and protamine sulfate. Disruption of putative GAG binding domains in CXCL17 prevented CXCR4 binding. This indicated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4 by a mechanism of action that potentially required the presence of a glycosaminoglycan-containing accessory protein. Together, our results revealed that CXCL17 is an endogenous inhibitor of CXCR4 and represents the next step in our understanding of the function of CXCL17 and regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W. White
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Platt
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Dale
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Rekhati S. Abhayawardana
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dekkers
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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3
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Camacho-Hernandez G, Gopinath A, Okorom AV, Khoshbouei H, Newman AH. Development of a Fluorescently Labeled Ligand for Rapid Detection of DAT in Human and Mouse Peripheral Blood Monocytes. JACS AU 2024; 4:657-665. [PMID: 38425927 PMCID: PMC10900201 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is one of the key regulators of dopamine (DA) signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. Recent reports in a model of Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown that dopamine neuronal loss in the CNS impacts the expression of DAT in peripheral immune cells. The mechanism underlying this connection is still unclear but could be illuminated with sensitive and high-throughput detection of DAT-expressing immune cells in the circulation. Herein, we have developed fluorescently labeled ligands (FLL) that bind to surface-expressing DAT with high affinity and selectivity. The diSulfoCy5-FLL (GC04-38) was utilized to label DAT in human and mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that were analyzed via flow cytometry. Selective labeling was validated using DAT KO mouse PBMCs. Our studies provide an efficient and highly sensitive method using this novel DAT-selective FLL to advance our fundamental understanding of DAT expression and activity in PBMCs in health and disease and as a potential peripheral biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela
Andrea Camacho-Hernandez
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Florida College
of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Amarachi V. Okorom
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Florida College
of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Dekkers S, Comez D, Karsai N, Arimont-Segura M, Canals M, Caspar B, de Graaf C, Kilpatrick LE, Leurs R, Kellam B, Hill SJ, Briddon SJ, Stocks MJ. Small Molecule Fluorescent Ligands for the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:143-148. [PMID: 38229752 PMCID: PMC10788940 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) is a receptor that induces cancer progression and metastasis in multiple cell types. Therefore, new chemical tools are required to study the role of ACKR3 in cancer and other diseases. In this study, fluorescent probes, based on a series of small molecule ACKR3 agonists, were synthesized. Three fluorescent probes, which showed specific binding to ACKR3 through a luminescence-based NanoBRET binding assay (pKd ranging from 6.8 to 7.8) are disclosed. Due to their high affinity at the ACKR3, we have shown their application in both competition binding experiments and confocal microscopy studies showing the cellular distribution of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dekkers
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Dehan Comez
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Noemi Karsai
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Marta Arimont-Segura
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Briddon
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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5
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Chen W, Hu Z, Guo Z. Targeting CD24 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3159. [PMID: 38137380 PMCID: PMC10740697 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a hot area in cancer treatment, and one of the keys to this therapy is the identification of the right tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen. Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is an emerging tumour-associated antigen that is commonly and highly expressed in various tumours. In addition, CD24 is associated with several cancer-related signalling pathways and closely interacts with other molecules and immune cells to influence tumour progression. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and CAR-NK cell therapy are currently available for the treatment of CD24. In this review, we summarise the existing therapeutic approaches and possible future directions targeting CD24.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
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