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Deb M, Singh H, Manhas D, Nandi U, Guru SK, Das P. Development of di-arylated 1,2,4-triazole-based derivatives as therapeutic agents against breast cancer: synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:3097-3113. [PMID: 39309354 PMCID: PMC11411613 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, anticancer activity, and metabolic stability of di-arylated 1,2,4-triazole molecules have been reported. Utilizing an efficient programmed arylation technique which starts from commercially available 3-bromo-1H-1,2,4-triazole, a series of therapeutic agents have been synthesized and screened against three human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and ZR-75-1, via an in vitro growth inhibition assay. At 10 μM concentration, 4k, 4m, 4q, and 4t have displayed good anticancer potency in the MCF-7 cell line, among which 4q has shown the best efficacy (IC50 = 4.8 μM). Mechanistic investigations of 4q have indicated the elevation of the pro-apoptotic BAX protein in the malignant cells along with mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Further metabolic stability studies in diverse liver microsomes have provided insights into the favorable pharmacokinetic properties of 4q in humans, establishing it as a promising lead compound of this series that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Deb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad-826004 India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, NIPER-Hyderabad-500037 India
| | - Diksha Manhas
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
| | - Santosh K Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, NIPER-Hyderabad-500037 India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad-826004 India
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2
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Schwarzer E, Skorokhod O. Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6145. [PMID: 38892332 PMCID: PMC11173270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for regulating protein functions, influencing various fundamental processes in eukaryotes. These include, but are not limited to, cell signaling, protein trafficking, the epigenetic control of gene expression, and control of the cell cycle, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and interactions between cells. In this review, we discuss protein PTMs that play a key role in the malaria parasite biology and its pathogenesis. Phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, lipidation and lipoxidation, glycosylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation, nitrosylation and glutathionylation, all of which occur in malarial parasites, are reviewed. We provide information regarding the biological significance of these modifications along all phases of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium spp. Importantly, not only the parasite, but also the host and vector protein PTMs are often crucial for parasite growth and development. In addition to metabolic regulations, protein PTMs can result in epitopes that are able to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses of the host or vector. We discuss some existing and prospective results from antimalarial drug discovery trials that target various PTM-related processes in the parasite or host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Schwarzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Oleksii Skorokhod
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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3
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Saeed S, Shahzadi I, Zahoor AF, Al-Mutairi AA, Kamal S, Faisal S, Irfan A, Al-Hussain SA, Muhammed MT, Zaki MEA. Exploring theophylline-1,2,4-triazole tethered N-phenylacetamide derivatives as antimicrobial agents: unraveling mechanisms via structure-activity relationship, in vitro validation, and in silico insights. Front Chem 2024; 12:1372378. [PMID: 38645776 PMCID: PMC11026557 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1372378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Theophylline, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, serves as a promising focal point for medicinal researchers aiming to create derivatives with diverse pharmacological applications. In this work, we present an improved synthetic method for a range of theophylline-1,2,4-triazole-S-linked N-phenyl acetamides (4a‒g) utilizing ultrasound-assisted synthetic approach. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of synthesized theophylline-1,2,4-triazoles (4a‒g) as inhibitors of HCV serine protease and as antibacterial agents against B. subtilis QB-928 and E. coli AB-274. Theophylline-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields (69%-95%) in a shorter time than conventional approach. 4-Chlorophenyl moiety containing theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4c displayed significantly higher inhibitory activity against HCV serine protease enzyme (IC50 = 0.015 ± 0.25 mg) in comparison to ribavirin (IC50 = 0.165 ± 0.053 mg), but showed excellent binding affinity (-7.55 kcal/mol) with the active site of serine protease, better than compound 4c (-6.90 kcal/mol) as well as indole-based control compound 5 (-7.42 kcal/mol). In terms of percentage inhibition of serine protease, 2-chlorophenyl compound 4b showed the maximum percentage inhibition (86%), more than that of the 3,4-dichlorophenyl compound 4c (76%) and ribavirin (81%). 3,4-Dimethylphenyl-based theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4g showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 0.28 ± 0.50 μg/mL) against the B. subtilis bacterial strain as compared to the standard drug penicillin (MIC = 1 ± 1.50 μg/mL). The other 4-methylphenyl theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4e (MIC = 0.20 ± 0.08 μg/mL) displayed the most potent antibacterial potential against E. coli in comparison to the standard drug penicillin (MIC = 2.4 ± 1.00 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies further helped in an extensive understanding of all of the interactions between compounds and the enzyme active site, and DFT studies were also employed to gain insights into the molecular structure of the synthesized compounds. The results indicated that theophylline-linked triazole derivatives 4b and 4c showed promise as leading contenders in the fight against the HCV virus. Moreover, compounds 4e and 4g demonstrated potential as effective chemotherapeutic agents against E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively. To substantiate these findings, additional in vivo studies and clinical trials are imperative, laying the groundwork for their integration into future drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamal A. Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Prasad Raiguru B, Panda J, Mohapatra S, Nayak S. Recent developments in the synthesis of hybrid antimalarial drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106706. [PMID: 37406519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this 21st century, Malaria remains a global burden and causes massive economic trouble to disease-endemic nations. The control and eradication of malaria is a major challenge that requires an urgent need to develop novel antimalarial drugs. To overcome the aforementioned situation, several researchers have given significant effort to develop hybrid antimalarial agents in the search for new antimalarial drugs. Hence, we have summarized those developments of hybrid antimalarial agents from 2017 to till date. This review illustrates the current progress in the recent synthesis of hybrid antimalarial agents along with focusing on their antimalarial evaluation to find the most potent hybrids. This present mini-review will also be useful for the scientific community for the development of new antimalarial drugs to eradicate malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, India
| | | | - Sabita Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, India
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5
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Valério Lopes F, Fazza Stroppa PH, Marinho JA, Reis Soares R, de Azevedo Alves L, Capriles Goliatt PVZ, Abramo C, David da Silva A. 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives: synthesis, docking, cytotoxicity analysis and in vivo antimalarial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 350:109688. [PMID: 34627786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. The multidrug-resistant Plasmodium strains make the treatment currently available for malaria less effective. Therefore, the development of new drugs is necessary to overcome therapy resistance. Triazole derivatives exhibit several biological activities and provide a moiety that is promising from the biological perspective. Due to the structural similarity to NADH, it is believed that triazoles can bind to the active site of the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) enzyme. The present work evaluates the antimalarial activity of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Preliminary in silico ADMET studies of the compounds demonstrated good pharmacokinetic properties. In silico docking analysis against LDH of Plasmodium berghei (PbLDH) showed that all compounds presented interactions with the catalytic residue in the active site and affinity similar to that presented by chloroquine; the most common antimalarial drug. Cytotoxicity and hemolysis by these derivatives were evaluated in vitro. The compounds 1, 2, 5, 8, and 9 proved to be non-cytotoxic in the performed tests. In vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated using mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. The five compounds tested exhibited antimalarial activity until nine days post-infection. The compound 5 showed promising activities, with about 70% parasitemia suppression. Considering the in vitro and in vivo studies, we believe the compound 5 to be the most promising molecule for further studies in antimalarial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valério Lopes
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Fazza Stroppa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliane Aparecida Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberta Reis Soares
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara de Azevedo Alves
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Vanessa Zabala Capriles Goliatt
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clarice Abramo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Adilson David da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Campus Universitário, CEP, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ullah I, Sharma R, Mete A, Biagini GA, Wetzel DM, Horrocks PD. The relative rate of kill of the MMV Malaria Box compounds provides links to the mode of antimalarial action and highlights scaffolds of medicinal chemistry interest. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:362-370. [PMID: 31665424 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid rate-of-kill (RoK) is a key parameter in the target candidate profile 1 (TCP1) for the next-generation antimalarial drugs for uncomplicated malaria, termed Single Encounter Radical Cure and Prophylaxis (SERCaP). TCP1 aims to rapidly eliminate the initial parasite burden, ideally as fast as artesunate, but minimally as fast as chloroquine. Here we explore whether the relative RoK of the Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) Malaria Box compounds is linked to their mode of action (MoA) and identify scaffolds of medicinal chemistry interest. METHODS We used a bioluminescence relative RoK (BRRoK) assay over 6 and 48 h, with exposure to equipotent IC50 concentrations, to compare the cytocidal effects of Malaria Box compounds with those of benchmark antimalarials. RESULTS BRRoK assay data demonstrate the following relative RoKs, from fast to slow: inhibitors of PfATP4>parasite haemoglobin catabolism>dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS)>dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)>bc1 complex. Core-scaffold clustering analyses revealed intrinsic rapid cytocidal action for diamino-glycerols and 2-(aminomethyl)phenol, but slow action for 2-phenylbenz-imidazoles, 8-hydroxyquinolines and triazolopyrimidines. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of principle that a compound's RoK is related to its MoA and that the target's intrinsic RoK is also modified by factors affecting a drug's access to it. Our findings highlight that as we use medicinal chemistry to improve potency, we can also improve the RoK for some scaffolds. Our BRRoK assay provides the necessary throughput for drug discovery and a critical decision-making tool to support development campaigns. Finally, two scaffolds, diamino-glycerols and 2-phenylbenzimidazoles, exhibit fast cytocidal action, inviting medicinal chemistry improvements towards TCP1 candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Raman Sharma
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonio Mete
- Medsyndesign Ltd, Advanced Technology Innovation Centre, 5 Oakwood Drive, Loughborough, UK
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dawn M Wetzel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Paul D Horrocks
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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7
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Hulverson MA, Choi R, McCloskey MC, Whitman GR, Ojo KK, Michaels SA, Somepalli M, Love MS, McNamara CW, Rabago LM, Barrett LK, Verlinde CLMJ, Arnold SL, Striepen B, Jimenez-Alfaro D, Ballell L, Fernández E, Greenwood MN, las Heras LD, Calderón F, Van Voorhis WC. Repurposing Infectious Disease Hits as Anti- Cryptosporidium Leads. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1275-1282. [PMID: 33740373 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New drugs are critically needed to treat Cryptosporidium infections, particularly for malnourished children under 2 years old in the developing world and persons with immunodeficiencies. Bioactive compounds from the Tres-Cantos GSK library that have activity against other pathogens were screened for possible repurposing against Cryptosporidium parvum growth. Nineteen compounds grouped into nine structural clusters were identified using an iterative process to remove excessively toxic compounds and screen related compounds from the Tres-Cantos GSK library. Representatives of four different clusters were advanced to a mouse model of C. parvum infection, but only one compound, an imidazole-pyrimidine, led to significant clearance of infection. This imidazole-pyrimidine compound had a number of favorable safety and pharmacokinetic properties and was maximally active in the mouse model down to 30 mg/kg given daily. Though the mechanism of action against C. parvum was not definitively established, this imidazole-pyrimidine compound inhibits the known C. parvum drug target, calcium-dependent protein kinase 1, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 2 nM. This compound, and related imidazole-pyrimidine molecules, should be further examined as potential leads for Cryptosporidium therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Hulverson
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ryan Choi
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Grant R. Whitman
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Samantha A. Michaels
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Mastanbabu Somepalli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Melissa S. Love
- Calibr, a division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Case W. McNamara
- Calibr, a division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lesley M. Rabago
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | | | - Samuel L.M. Arnold
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Alfaro
- Medicines Development Campus, Global Health Pharma Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Medicines Development Campus, Global Health Pharma Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Fernández
- Medicines Development Campus, Global Health Pharma Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid Spain
| | - M. Nicole Greenwood
- Academic Liaison, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Felix Calderón
- Medicines Development Campus, Global Health Pharma Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid Spain
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Infectious Disease Center for Emerging Reemerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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8
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Davis AM, Engkvist O, Fairclough RJ, Feierberg I, Freeman A, Iyer P. Public-Private Partnerships: Compound and Data Sharing in Drug Discovery and Development. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:604-619. [PMID: 33586501 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220982268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collaborative efforts between public and private entities such as academic institutions, governments, and pharmaceutical companies form an integral part of scientific research, and notable instances of such initiatives have been created within the life science community. Several examples of alliances exist with the broad goal of collaborating toward scientific advancement and improved public welfare. Such collaborations can be essential in catalyzing breaking areas of science within high-risk or global public health strategies that may have otherwise not progressed. A common term used to describe these alliances is public-private partnership (PPP). This review discusses different aspects of such partnerships in drug discovery/development and provides example applications as well as successful case studies. Specific areas that are covered include PPPs for sharing compounds at various phases of the drug discovery process-from compound collections for hit identification to sharing clinical candidates. Instances of PPPs to support better data integration and build better machine learning models are also discussed. The review also provides examples of PPPs that address the gap in knowledge or resources among involved parties and advance drug discovery, especially in disease areas with unfulfilled and/or social needs, like neurological disorders, cancer, and neglected and rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Davis
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebecca J Fairclough
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella Feierberg
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Adrian Freeman
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Aggarwal R, Sumran G. An insight on medicinal attributes of 1,2,4-triazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112652. [PMID: 32771798 PMCID: PMC7384432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to summarize the pharmacological profile of 1,2,4-triazole, one of the emerging privileged scaffold, as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, antiviral, antiparasitic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, etc. along with structure-activity relationship. The comprehensive compilation of work carried out in the last decade on 1,2,4-triazole nucleus will provide inevitable scope for researchers for the advancement of novel potential drug candidates having better efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India; CSIR-National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi, India.
| | - Garima Sumran
- Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City, 134 003, Haryana, India.
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10
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Wang S, Luo R, Guo L, Zhu T, Chen X, Liu W. Microwave-assisted and catalyst-free sulfenylation of imidazo[2,1- b]thiazoles with sulfonyl hydrazides in water. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1768537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
| | - Run Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
| | - Lina Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
| | - Tianxi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, P.R. of China
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11
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Mishra M, Singh V, Singh S. Structural Insights Into Key Plasmodium Proteases as Therapeutic Drug Targets. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:394. [PMID: 30891019 PMCID: PMC6411711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, caused by protozoan of genus Plasmodium, remains one of the highest mortality infectious diseases. Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle, easily adapt to their host’s immune system and have evolved with an arsenal of unique proteases which play crucial roles in proliferation and survival within the host cells. Owing to the existing knowledge of enzymatic mechanisms, 3D structures and active sites of proteases, they have been proven to be opportune for target based drug development. Here, we discuss in depth the crucial roles of essential proteases in Plasmodium life cycle and particularly focus on highlighting the atypical “structural signatures” of key parasite proteases which have been exploited for drug development. These features, on one hand aid parasites pathogenicity while on the other hand could be effective in designing targeted and very specific inhibitors for counteracting them. We conclude that Plasmodium proteases are suitable as multistage targets for designing novel drugs with new modes of action to combat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, India
| | - Vigyasa Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, India.,Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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12
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Triazole derivatives and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:206-223. [PMID: 30711831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium especially by the most prevalent parasite Plasmodium falciparum, represents one of the most devastating and common infectious disease globally. Nearly half of the world population is under the risk of being infected, and more than 200 million new clinical cases with around half a million deaths occur annually. Drug therapy is the mainstay of antimalarial therapy, yet current drugs are threatened by the development of resistance, so it's imperative to develop new antimalarials with great potency against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant malaria. Triazoles, bearing a five-membered heterocyclic ring with three nitrogen atoms, exhibit promising in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activities. Moreover, several triazole-based drugs have already used in clinics for the treatment of various diseases, demonstrating the excellent pharmaceutical profiles. Therefore, triazole derivatives have the potential for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of malaria. This review covers the recent advances of triazole derivatives especially triazole hybrids as potential antimalarials. The structure-activity relationship is also discussed to provide an insight for rational designs of more efficient antimalarial candidates.
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13
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Yu Z, Chen J, Liu J, Wu Z, Su W. Conversion of 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline to 3-(Mesitylthio)-1 H-1,2,4-triazole Using a Continuous-Flow Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Moreno-Sabater A, Pérignon JL, Mazier D, Lavazec C, Soulard V. Humanized mouse models infected with human Plasmodium species for antimalarial drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:131-140. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1410136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Moreno-Sabater
- UPMC Faculte de Medecine - INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, Île-de-France France
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris - Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Est - Site Saint-Antoine, Paris, Île-de-France France
| | | | - Dominique Mazier
- UPMC Faculte de Medecine - INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, Île-de-France France
| | - Catherine Lavazec
- Institut Cochin – INSERM U1016, Paris, Île-de-France France
- CNRS - UMR8104, Paris, France
- Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, Île-de-France France
| | - Valerie Soulard
- UPMC Faculte de Medecine - INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, Île-de-France France
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15
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Sandoval E, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Almela MJ, Castañeda P, Jiménez Díaz MB, Martínez-Martínez MS, Vidal J, Angulo-Barturen Í, Bamborough P, Burrows J, Cammack N, Chaparro MJ, Coterón JM, de Cozar C, Crespo B, Díaz B, Drewes G, Fernández E, Ferrer-Bazaga S, Fraile MT, Gamo FJ, Ghidelli-Disse S, Gómez R, Haselden J, Huss S, León ML, de Mercado J, Macdonald SJF, Martín Hernando JI, Prats S, Puente M, Rodríguez A, de la Rosa JC, Rueda L, Selenski C, Willis P, Wilson DM, Witty M, Calderón F. The Discovery of Novel Antimalarial Aminoxadiazoles as a Promising Nonendoperoxide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6880-6896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandoval
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María J. Almela
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Castañeda
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Belén Jiménez Díaz
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S. Martínez-Martínez
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Vidal
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Angulo-Barturen
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Bamborough
- Medicines
Research Center, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jeremy Burrows
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 21 route de Pré-Bois, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Cammack
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Chaparro
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Coterón
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina de Cozar
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benigno Crespo
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díaz
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome
GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Fernández
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ferrer-Bazaga
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Fraile
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Gamo
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Gómez
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Haselden
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Huss
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa León
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime de Mercado
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Medicines
Research Center, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - José Ignacio Martín Hernando
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Prats
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Puente
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Rodríguez
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. de la Rosa
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rueda
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Selenski
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Paul Willis
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 21 route de Pré-Bois, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - David M. Wilson
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Witty
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 21 route de Pré-Bois, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Félix Calderón
- Tres
Cantos, Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo
Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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Bueno JM, Carda M, Crespo B, Cuñat AC, de Cozar C, León ML, Marco JA, Roda N, Sanz-Cervera JF. Design, synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of novel thiazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3938-44. [PMID: 27432764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As part of our medicinal chemistry program's ongoing search for compounds with antimalarial activity, we prepared a series of thiazole analogs and conducted a SAR study analyzing their in vitro activities against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. The results indicate that modifications of the N-aryl amide group linked to the thiazole ring are the most significant in terms of in vitro antimalarial activity, leading to compounds with high antimalarial potency and low cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines. Furthermore, the observed SAR implies that non-bulky, electron-withdrawing groups are preferred at ortho position on the phenyl ring, whereas small atoms such as H or F are preferred at para position. Finally, replacement of the phenyl ring by a pyridine affords a compound with similar potency, but with potentially better physicochemical properties which could constitute a new line of research for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Bueno
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Benigno Crespo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Ana Carmen Cuñat
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Univ. de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Cristina de Cozar
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - María Luisa León
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain.
| | - J Alberto Marco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Univ. de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nuria Roda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Univ. de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan F Sanz-Cervera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Univ. de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the fact that diseases caused by protozoan parasites represent serious challenges for public health, animal production and welfare, only a limited panel of drugs has been marketed for clinical applications. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors investigate two strategies, namely whole organism screening and target-based drug design. The present pharmacopoeia has resulted from whole organism screening, and the mode of action and targets of selected drugs are discussed. However, the more recent extensive genome sequencing efforts and the development of dry and wet lab genomics and proteomics that allow high-throughput screening of interactions between micromolecules and recombinant proteins has resulted in target-based drug design as the predominant focus in anti-parasitic drug development. Selected examples of target-based drug design studies are presented, and calcium-dependent protein kinases, important drug targets in apicomplexan parasites, are discussed in more detail. EXPERT OPINION Despite the enormous efforts in target-based drug development, this approach has not yet generated market-ready antiprotozoal drugs. However, whole-organism screening approaches, comprising of both in vitro and in vivo investigations, should not be disregarded. The repurposing of already approved and marketed drugs could be a suitable strategy to avoid fastidious approval procedures, especially in the case of neglected or veterinary parasitoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller
- a Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- a Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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18
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Weidner T, Nasereddin A, Preu L, Grünefeld J, Dzikowski R, Kunick C. Novel 2-Phenoxyanilide Congeners Derived from a Hit Structure of the TCAMS: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020223. [PMID: 26901174 PMCID: PMC6272959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tres Cantos Antimalarial Compound Set (TCAMS) is a publicly available compound library which contains 13533 hit structures with confirmed activity against Plasmodium falciparum, the infective agent responsible for malaria tropica. The TCAMS provides a variety of starting points for the investigation of new antiplasmodial drug leads. One of the promising compounds is TCMDC-137332, which seemed to be a good starting point due to its antiplasmodial potency and its predicted physicochemical properties. Several new analogues based on a 2-phenoxyanilide scaffold were synthesized by standard amide coupling reactions and were fully characterized regarding their identity and purity by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, the results of the biological evaluation of all congeners against Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strains are presented. The findings of our in vitro screening could not confirm the presumed nanomolar antiplasmodial activity of TCMDC-137332 and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weidner
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Abed Nasereddin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Johann Grünefeld
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Ding Y, Xie P, Zhu W, Xu B, Zhao W, Zhou A. Cu-catalyzed sulfenylation of imidazol[1,2-a]pyridine via C–H functionalization using a combination of Na2S2O3 and halides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A copper-catalysed sulfenylation of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine by using inorganic salt Na2S2O3 and alkyl halides (Cl, Br, I) or iodobenzene homologues via C–H functionalization process was reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcai Ding
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City
- China 212013
| | - Ping Xie
- Jiangsu University Library
- Jiangsu
- China 212013
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City
- China 212013
| | - Baojun Xu
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City
- China 212013
| | - Wannian Zhao
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City
- China 212013
| | - Aihua Zhou
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City
- China 212013
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