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Garcia PJB, Huang SKH, De Castro-Cruz KA, Leron RB, Tsai PW. In Silico Neuroprotective Effects of Specific Rheum palmatum Metabolites on Parkinson's Disease Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13929. [PMID: 37762232 PMCID: PMC10530814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the large-scale health issues detrimental to human quality of life, and current treatments are only focused on neuroprotection and easing symptoms. This study evaluated in silico binding activity and estimated the stability of major metabolites in the roots of R. palmatum (RP) with main protein targets in Parkinson's disease and their ADMET properties. The major metabolites of RP were subjected to molecular docking and QSAR with α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase isoform B, catechol o-methyltransferase, and A2A adenosine receptor. From this, emodin had the greatest binding activity with Parkinson's disease targets. The chemical stability of the selected compounds was estimated using density functional theory analyses. The docked compounds showed good stability for inhibitory action compared to dopamine and levodopa. According to their structure-activity relationship, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, and rhein exhibited good inhibitory activity to specific targets. Finally, mediocre pharmacokinetic properties were observed due to unexceptional blood-brain barrier penetration and safety profile. It was revealed that the major metabolites of RP may have good neuroprotective activity as an additional hit for PD drug development. Also, an association between redox-mediating and activities with PD-relevant protein targets was observed, potentially opening discussion on electrochemical mechanisms with biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jay B. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Steven Kuan-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Rhoda B. Leron
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
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The regulatory role of AP-2β in monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems: insights on its signalling pathway, linked disorders and theragnostic potential. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:151. [PMID: 36076256 PMCID: PMC9461128 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMonoaminergic neurotransmitter systems play a central role in neuronal function and behaviour. Dysregulation of these systems gives rise to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders with high prevalence and societal burden, collectively termed monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (MNDs). Despite extensive research, the transcriptional regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems is not fully explored. Interestingly, certain drugs that act on these systems have been shown to modulate central levels of the transcription factor AP-2 beta (AP-2β, gene: TFAP2Β). AP-2β regulates multiple key genes within these systems and thereby its levels correlate with monoamine neurotransmitters measures; yet, its signalling pathways are not well understood. Moreover, although dysregulation of TFAP2Β has been associated with MNDs, the underlying mechanisms for these associations remain elusive. In this context, this review addresses AP-2β, considering its basic structural aspects, regulation and signalling pathways in the controlling of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, and possible mechanisms underpinning associated MNDS. It also underscores the significance of AP-2β as a potential diagnostic biomarker and its potential and limitations as a therapeutic target for specific MNDs as well as possible pharmaceutical interventions for targeting it. In essence, this review emphasizes the role of AP-2β as a key regulator of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems and its importance for understanding the pathogenesis and improving the management of MNDs.
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Yang XC, Hu CF, Zhang PL, Li S, Hu CS, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Coumarin thiazoles as unique structural skeleton of potential antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A novel multi-target strategy to attenuate the progression of Parkinson's disease by diamine hybrid AGE/ALE inhibitor. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2185-2200. [PMID: 34634921 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Instead of a conventional 'one-drug-one-target approach', this article presents a novel multi-target approach with a concept of trapping simultaneously as many detrimental factors as possible involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease. These factors include reactive carbonyl species, reactive oxygen species, Fe3+/Cu2+ and ortho-quinones (o-quinone), in particular. Different from the known multi-target strategies for Parkinson's disease, it is a sort of 'vacuum cleaning' strategy. The new agent consists of reactive carbonyl species scavenging moiety and reactive oxygen species scavenging and metal chelating moiety linked by a spacer. Provided that the capacity of scavenging o-quinones is demonstrated, this type of agent can further broaden its potential therapeutic profile. In order to support this new hypothetical approach, a number of simple in vitro experiments are proposed.
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Mensa-Wilmot K. How Physiologic Targets Can Be Distinguished from Drug-Binding Proteins. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:1-6. [PMID: 33941662 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical trials, some drugs owe their effectiveness to off-target activity. This and other observations raise a possibility that many studies identifying targets of drugs are incomplete. If off-target proteins are pharmacologically important, it will be worthwhile to identify them early in the development process to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of drug action. Herein, we outline a multidisciplinary strategy for systematic identification of physiologic targets of drugs in cells. A drug-binding protein whose genetic disruption yields very similar molecular effects as treatment of cells with the drug may be defined as a physiologic target of the drug. For a drug developed with a rational approach, it is desirable to verify experimentally that a protein used for hit optimization in vitro remains the sole polypeptide recognized by the drug in a cell. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A body of evidence indicates that inactivation of many drug-binding proteins may not cause the pharmacological effects triggered by the drugs. A multidisciplinary cell-based approach can be of great value in identifying the physiologic targets of drugs, including those developed with target-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo Mensa-Wilmot
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Wang FY, Wang P, Zhao DF, Gonzalez FJ, Fan YF, Xia YL, Ge GB, Yang L. Analytical methodologies for sensing catechol- O-methyltransferase activity and their applications. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:15-27. [PMID: 33717608 PMCID: PMC7930641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian catechol-O-methyltransferases (COMT) are an important class of conjugative enzymes, which play a key role in the metabolism and inactivation of catechol neurotransmitters, catechol estrogens and a wide range of endobiotics and xenobiotics that bear the catechol group. Currently, COMT inhibitors are used in combination with levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in clinical practice. The crucial role of COMT in human health has raised great interest in the development of more practical assays for highly selective and sensitive detection of COMT activity in real samples, as well as for rapid screening and characterization of COMT inhibitors as drug candidates. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical methodologies for sensing COMT activity and their applications. Several lists of biochemical assays for measuring COMT activity, including the probe substrates, along with their analytical conditions and kinetic parameters, are presented. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the field, such as visualization of COMT activity in vivo and in situ, are highlighted. Collectively, this review article overviews the practical assays for measuring COMT activities in complex biological samples, which will strongly facilitate the investigations on the relevance of COMT to human diseases and promote the discovery of COMT inhibitors via high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dong-Fang Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Fan Fan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang-Liu Xia
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Liver says no: the ongoing search for safe catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitors to replace tolcapone. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1846-1854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Akhtar MJ, Yar MS, Grover G, Nath R. Neurological and psychiatric management using COMT inhibitors: A review. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sun H, Ansari MF, Battini N, Bheemanaboina RRY, Zhou CH. Novel potential artificial MRSA DNA intercalators: synthesis and biological evaluation of berberine-derived thiazolidinediones. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel berberine-derived thiazolidinediones as potential artificial DNA intercalators were synthesized, and the preliminary mechanism suggested that active compound 6b could intercalate into MRSA DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Mohammad Fawad Ansari
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Rammohan R. Yadav Bheemanaboina
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. Differential Impact of Flavonoids on Redox Modulation, Bioenergetics, and Cell Signaling in Normal and Tumor Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1633-1659. [PMID: 28826224 PMCID: PMC6207159 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Flavonoids can interact with multiple molecular targets to elicit their cellular effects, leading to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, and/or metabolism, which can, subsequently, affect the entire cell and organism. Immortalized cell lines, derived from tumors, are routinely employed as a surrogate for mechanistic studies, with the results extrapolated to tissues in vivo. Recent Advances: We review the activities of selected flavonoids on cultured tumor cells derived from various tissues in comparison to corresponding primary cells or tissues in vivo, mainly using quercetin and flavanols (epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) as exemplars. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids could retard cancer progression in vivo in animal models as well as in tumor cell models. CRITICAL ISSUES Extrapolation from in vitro and animal models to humans is not straightforward given both the extensive conjugation and complex microbiota-dependent metabolism of flavonoids after consumption, as well as the heterogeneous metabolism of different tumors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Comparison of data from studies on primary cells or in vivo are essential not only to validate results obtained from cultured cell models, but also to highlight whether any differences may be further exploited in the clinical setting for chemoprevention. Tumor cell models can provide a useful mechanistic tool to study the effects of flavonoids, provided that the limitations of each model are understood and taken into account in interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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Abstract
‘Drug promiscuity’ refers to a drug that can act on multiple molecular targets, exhibiting similar or different pharmacological effects. Drugs may interact with unwanted targets, leading to off-target effects (one of the main reasons for side effects). Thus, intervention to prevent off-target effects in the early stages of drug discovery could reduce the risk of failure. The conversion between target and off-target effects is important for drug repurposing. Drug repurposing strategies could reduce research and development costs. This review details the research progress in the rational application of drug promiscuity for the discovery of multi-target drugs, drug repurposing and improving druggability in medicinal chemistry over the last 5 years.
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Finn MG. Technical Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:277-278. [PMID: 28374995 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Djuric SW, Meanwell NA. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Technological Advances: Highlights 2015–2016. J Med Chem 2016; 60:1-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stevan W. Djuric
- AbbVie, R467, AP10-2, 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research
Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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