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Zhang Y, Kumata K, Xie L, Kurihara Y, Ogawa M, Kokufuta T, Nengaki N, Zhang MR. The Glutaminase-1 Inhibitor [ 11C-carbony]BPTES: Synthesis and Positron Emission Tomography Study in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:963. [PMID: 37513875 PMCID: PMC10384602 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) is a selective inhibitor of glutaminase-1 (GLS1), consequently inhibiting glutaminolysis. BPTES is known for its potent antitumor activity and plays a significant role in senescent cell removal. In this study, we synthesized [11C-carbonyl]BPTES ([11C]BPTES) as a positron emission tomography (PET) probe for the first time and assessed its biodistribution in mice using PET. [11C]BPTES was synthesized by the reaction of an amine precursor () with [11C-carbonyl]phenylacetyl acid anhydride ([11C]2), which was prepared from [11C]CO2 and benzyl magnesium chloride, followed by in situ treatment with isobutyl chloroformate. The decay-corrected isolated radiochemical yield of [11C]BPTES was 9.5% (based on [11C]CO2) during a synthesis time of 40 min. A PET study with [11C]BPTES showed high uptake levels of radioactivity in the liver, kidney, and small intestine of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 7-1-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 7-1-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kokufuta
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 7-1-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Suzuki K, Koyama H, Nakamura N, Kimura Y, Ogata A, Ikenuma H, Ishii H, Zhang MR, Kawamura K, Minamimoto T, Nagai Y, Katsuki H, Kimura T, Kimura N, Ichise M, Kato T, Ito K, Suzuki M. 11C-Labeling of acyclic retinoid peretinoin by rapid C-[ 11C]methylation to disclose novel brain permeability and central nervous system activities hidden in antitumor agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 85:129212. [PMID: 36871703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, retinoid actions on the central nervous system (CNS) have attracted considerable attention from the perspectives of brain disease diagnosis and drug development. Firstly, we successfully synthesized [11C]peretinoin esters (methyl, ethyl, and benzyl) using a Pd(0)-mediated rapid C-[11C]methylation of the corresponding stannyl precursors without geometrical isomerization in 82%, 66%, and 57% radiochemical yields (RCYs). Subsequent hydrolysis of the 11C-labeled ester produced [11C]peretinoin in 13 ± 8% RCY (n = 3). After pharmaceutical formulation, the resulting [11C]benzyl ester and [11C]peretinoin had high radiochemical purity (>99% each) and molar activities of 144 and 118 ± 49 GBq μmol-1 at total synthesis times of 31 min and 40 ± 3 min, respectively. Rat brain PET imaging for the [11C]ester revealed a unique time-radioactivity curve, suggesting the participation of the acid [11C]peretinoin for the brain permeability. However, the curve of the [11C]peretinoin rose steadily after a shorter time lag to reach 1.4 standardized uptake value (SUV) at 60 min. These various phenomena between the ester and acid became more pronounced in the monkey brain (SUV of > 3.0 at 90 min). With the opportunity to identify high brain uptake of [11C]peretinoin, we discovered CNS activities of a drug candidate called peretinoin, such as the induction of a stem-cell to neuronal cell differentiation and the suppression of neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Suzuki
- Field of Biological Molecular Sciences, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- Field of Biological Molecular Sciences, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Narumasa Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Aya Ogata
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani 509-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenuma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Japan; Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Research and Development Management Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka 7-430, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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Shegani A, Kealey S, Luzi F, Basagni F, Machado JDM, Ekici SD, Ferocino A, Gee AD, Bongarzone S. Radiosynthesis, Preclinical, and Clinical Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Carbon-11 Labeled Endogenous and Natural Exogenous Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 123:105-229. [PMID: 36399832 PMCID: PMC9837829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of positron emission tomography (PET) centers at most major hospitals worldwide, along with the improvement of PET scanner sensitivity and the introduction of total body PET systems, has increased the interest in the PET tracer development using the short-lived radionuclides carbon-11. In the last few decades, methodological improvements and fully automated modules have allowed the development of carbon-11 tracers for clinical use. Radiolabeling natural compounds with carbon-11 by substituting one of the backbone carbons with the radionuclide has provided important information on the biochemistry of the authentic compounds and increased the understanding of their in vivo behavior in healthy and diseased states. The number of endogenous and natural compounds essential for human life is staggering, ranging from simple alcohols to vitamins and peptides. This review collates all the carbon-11 radiolabeled endogenous and natural exogenous compounds synthesised to date, including essential information on their radiochemistry methodologies and preclinical and clinical studies in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Shegani
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kealey
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Luzi
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum−University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Joana do Mar Machado
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sevban Doğan Ekici
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ferocino
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antony D. Gee
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom,A.G.: email,
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom,S.B.:
email,
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Okamura T, Okada M, Kikuchi T, Wakizaka H, Zhang MR. Mechanisms of glutathione-conjugate efflux from the brain into blood: Involvement of multiple transporters in the course. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:116-125. [PMID: 30346895 PMCID: PMC6928562 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18808399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of detrimental glutathione-conjugated metabolites in the brain potentially causes neurological disorders, and must therefore be exported from the brain. However, in vivo mechanisms of glutathione-conjugates efflux from the brain remain unknown. We investigated the involvement of transporters in glutathione-conjugates efflux using 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]1), which enters the brain and is converted into its glutathione conjugate, S-(7-[11C]methylpurin-6-yl)glutathione ([11C]2). In mice of control and knockout of P-glycoprotein/breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ([Mrp2]-/-), [11C]2 formed in the brain was rapidly cleared, with no significant difference in efflux rate. In contrast, [11C]2 formed in the brain of Mrp1-/- mice was slowly cleared, whereas [11C]2 microinjected into the brain of control and Mrp1-/- mice was 75% cleared within 60 min, with no significant difference in efflux rate. These suggest that Mrp1 contributes to [11C]2 efflux across cell membranes, but not BBB. Efflux rate of [11C]2 formed in the brain was significantly lower in Mrp4-/- and organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3)-/- mice compared with control mice. In conclusion, Mrp1, Oat3, and Mrp4 mediate [11C]2 efflux from the brain. Mrp1 may contribute to [11C]2 efflux from brain parenchymal cells, while extracellular [11C]2 is likely cleared across the BBB, partly by Oat3 and Mrp4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Okamura
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maki Okada
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
As the field of PET has expanded and an ever-increasing number and variety of compounds have been radiolabeled as potential in vivo tracers of biochemistry, transporters have become important primary targets or facilitators of radiotracer uptake and distribution. A transporter can be the primary target through the development of a specific high-affinity radioligand: examples are the multiple high-affinity radioligands for the neuronal membrane neurotransmitter or vesicular transporters, used to image nerve terminals in the brain. The goal of a radiotracer might be to study the function of a transporter through the use of a radiolabeled substrate, such as the application of 3-O-[11C]methyl]glucose to measure rates of glucose transport through the blood-brain barrier. In many cases, transporters are required for radiotracer distributions, but the targeted biochemistries might be unrelated: an example is the use of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]FDG for imaging glucose metabolism, where initial passage of the radiotracer through cell membranes requires the action of specific glucose transporters. Finally, there are transporters such as p-glycoprotein that function to extrude small molecules from tissues, and can effectively work against successful uptake of radiotracers. The diversity of structures and functions of transporters, their importance in human health and disease, and their role in therapeutic drug disposition suggest that in vivo imaging of transporter location and function will continue to be a point of emphasis in PET radiopharmaceutical development. In this review, the variety of transporters and their importance for in vivo PET radiotracer development and application are discussed. Transporters have thus joined the other major protein targets such as G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, enzymes, and aggregated proteins as of high interest for understanding human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
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