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Lu Y, Liang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu C, Zhao Z, Zheng T, Du Q, Liu W. Discovery of novel quinoline scaffold selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for treatment of ER positive breast cancer with enhanced antiproliferative bioactivity through immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116534. [PMID: 38870830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Combination therapy proven to be an effective therapeutic approach for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Currently, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are combined with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) or selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) as first-line therapy for advanced ER-positive breast cancer. Herein, a new family of quinoline scaffold SERDs was synthesized and evaluated in MCF-7 cells. Among them, compounds 18j and 24d exhibited remarkable MCF-7 inhibition, both alone and in combination with ribociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor), in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, compounds 18j and 24d effectively degraded ER and inhibited ER downstream signaling pathways. Interestingly, compounds 18j and 24d induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in MCF-7 cells. These findings highlight the immune-related and enhanced antiproliferative effects of oral SERDs in ER positive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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2
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Bai C, Lv Y, Xiong S, Wu S, Qi L, Ren S, Zhu M, Dong H, Shen H, Li Z, Zhu Y, Ye H, Hao H, Xiao Y, Xiang H, Luo G. X-ray crystallography study and optimization of novel benzothiophene analogs as potent selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonists (SERCAs) with improved potency and safety profiles. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106919. [PMID: 37871388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET) is a well-validated strategy for estrogen receptor α positive (ERα + ) breast cancer therapy. Despite the clinical success of current standard of care (SoC), endocrine-resistance inevitably emerges and remains a significant medical challenge. Herein, we describe the structural optimization and evaluation of a new series of selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonists (SERCAs) based on benzothiophene scaffold. Among them, compounds 15b and 39d were identified as two highly potent covalent antagonists, which exhibits superior antiproliferation activity than positive controls against MCF-7 cells and shows high selectivity over ERα negative (ERα-) cells. More importantly, their mode of covalent engagement at Cys530 residue was accurately illustrated by a cocrystal structure of 15b-bound ERαY537S (PDB ID: 7WNV) and intact mass spectrometry, respectively. Further in vivo studies demonstrated potent antitumor activity in MCF-7 xenograft mouse model and an improved safety profile. Collectively, these compounds could be promising candidates for future development of the next generation SERCAs for endocrine-resistant ERα + breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuangjie Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meiqi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinxue Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hua Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guoshun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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3
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Li Y, Shen J, Shen Y, Li Y, Luo K, Wu L. Tandem S N2 Nucleophilic Substitution/Phospho-Dieckmann Reaction: One-Step Synthesis of 2-Phosphonyl-3-hydroxybenzo[ b]thiophenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13967-13976. [PMID: 37733950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient tandem SN2 nucleophilic substitution/Dieckmann condensation reaction of α-iodomethyl phosphine oxide with methyl thiosalicylate derivatives has been developed by using NaOH as a base, which enables the expeditious synthesis of 2-phosphonyl-3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophene derivatives in moderate to high yields under simple conditions. This research provides not only a convenient method for the functionalization of benzo[b]thiophenes at the 2-position and 3-position but also new organophosphorus molecules. Furthermore, several new phosphonyl-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes were obtained from the resultant 2-phosphonyl-3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiamei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yawei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Attia H, Alzoubi A, Al-anazi N, Alshanwani A, El-Orabi N, Alanteet A, Mohamad R, Ali R. Protective effects of cardamom aqueous extract against tamoxifen-induced pancreatic injury in female rats. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:721-737. [PMID: 37779590 PMCID: PMC10541358 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a commonly used drug for breast cancer treatment. Although effective, TAM has deleterious effects on many organs. The toxic effects of TAM on the pancreas and the underlying mechanisms however, have not fully investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TAM on the pancreatic tissue in female rats. We also examined whether cardamom aqueous extract (CAE) protects against TAM-induced pancreatic injury. TAM-intoxicated rats were injected with 45 mg/kg of TAM for 10 days, whereas rats in the CAE-treated group were administered 10 mL/kg of CAE for 20 days, starting 10 days prior to TAM administration. Treatment with TAM resulted in severe degeneration of the pancreatic acini and marked increases in the serum levels of pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, glucose, fatty acids and triglycerides along with decreased insulin serum levels. TAM led to oxidative stress as evident from a significant increase in the pancreatic levels of lipid peroxides and nitric oxide along with the depletion of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, inflammation was indicated by a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels, enhanced expression of the macrophage recruitment marker; CD68 as well as up-regulated protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B and increased p-p38/MAPK ratio; which are important signals in the production of inflammatory cytokines. TAM also markedly increased the pancreatic levels of caspase-3 and BAX reflecting its apoptotic effects. The CAE treatment ameliorated all the biochemical and histological changes induced by TAM. The present study revealed, for the first time, that TAM has toxic effects on the pancreatic tissue through oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic effects. The present study also provides evidence that CAE exerts cytoprotective effects against these deleterious effects induced by TAM in the pancreatic tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00198-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Afraa Alzoubi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Al-anazi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliah Alshanwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa El-Orabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Alaa Alanteet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa Mohamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
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Yao J, Tao Y, Hu Z, Li J, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Lei Y. Optimization of small molecule degraders and antagonists for targeting estrogen receptor based on breast cancer: current status and future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1225951. [PMID: 37808197 PMCID: PMC10551544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1225951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a classical receptor protein that plays a crucial role in mediating multiple signaling pathways in various target organs. It has been shown that ER-targeting therapies inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, enhance neuronal protection, and promote osteoclast formation. Several drugs have been designed to specifically target ER in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) such as Tamoxifen. However, the emergence of drug resistance in ER+ breast cancer and the potential side effects on the endometrium which has high ER expression has posed significant challenges in clinical practice. Recently, novel ER-targeted drugs, namely, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonist (SERCA) have shown promise in addressing these concerns. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural functions of ER and highlights recent advancements in SERD and SERCA-related small molecule drugs, especially focusing on their structural optimization strategies and future optimization directions. Additionally, the therapeutic potential and challenges of novel SERDs and SERCAs in breast cancer and other ER-related diseases have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyi Xue
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ya Zhang
- West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Lei
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rej RK, Thomas JE, Acharyya RK, Rae JM, Wang S. Targeting the Estrogen Receptor for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37377342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a well-established therapeutic target for the treatment of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Despite the tremendous successes achieved with tamoxifen, a selective ER modulator, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs), resistance to these therapies is a major clinical problem. Therefore, induced protein degradation and covalent inhibition have been pursued as new therapeutic approaches to target ERα. This Perspective summarizes recent progress in the discovery and development of oral selective ER degraders (SERDs), complete estrogen receptor antagonists (CERANs), selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonists (SERCAs), and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) ER degraders. We focus on those compounds which have been advanced into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Kalyan Rej
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Junius Eugene Thomas
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ranjan Kumar Acharyya
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James Michael Rae
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Hörmann N, Kalchschmid C, Grabher P, Grassmayr I, Kapitza P, Kaserer T, Gust R. Development of heterodimeric estrogen receptor alpha antagonists to target simultaneously the ligand and coactivator binding site. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2200638. [PMID: 37173820 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One-third of breast cancer patients will develop recurrent cancer within 15 years of endocrine treatment. Notably, tumor growth in a hormone-refractory state still relies on the interaction between estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and upregulated coactivators. Herein, we suggest that simultaneous targeting of the primary ligand binding site (LBS) and the coactivator binding site (CABS) at ERα represents a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome mutation-driven resistance in breast cancer. We synthesized two series of compounds that connect the LBS-binder (E)-3-{4-[8-fluoro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepin-5-yl]phenyl}acrylic acid 8 with the coactivator binding site inhibitors (CBIs) 4,6-bis(isobutyl(methyl)amino)pyrimidine or 3-(5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanoic acid via covalent linkage. The most active benzoxepine-pyrimidine conjugate 31 showed strong inhibition of estradiol-induced transactivation (IC50 = 18.2 nM (ERα) and 61.7 nM (ERβ)) in a luciferase reporter gene assay as well as high antiproliferative effects in MCF-7 (IC50 = 65.9 nM) and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7/TamR (IC50 = 88.9 nM) breast cancer cells. All heterodimers exhibited two- to sevenfold higher antagonism at ERα (compared with ERβ) and were superior to the acrylic acid precursor 8 in terms of ER antagonism and antiproliferative activity. It was demonstrated on the example of 31 that the compounds did not influence the ERα content in MCF-7 cells and therefore act as pure antiestrogens without downregulating potency. Possible interactions of the CBI at the receptor surface, which enhanced the biological activities, were evaluated using molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Hörmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Kalchschmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patricia Grabher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabella Grassmayr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Kapitza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bhatia N, Hazra S, Thareja S. Selective Estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115422. [PMID: 37163948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of SERDs has changed the direction of anticancer research, as more than 70% of breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Therapies such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and aromatase inhibitors (AI's) have been effective, but due to endocrine resistance, SERDs are now considered essential therapeutics for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. The present review deliberates the pathophysiology of SERDs from the literature covering various molecules in clinical trials. Estrogen receptors active sites distinguishing characteristics and interactions with currently available FDA-approved drugs have also been discussed. Designing strategy of previously reported SERDs, their SAR analysis, in silico, and the biological efficacy have also been summarized along with appropriate examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Shreejita Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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9
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Xin L, Min J, Hu H, Li Y, Du C, Xie B, Cheng Y, Deng X, Deng X, Shen K, Huang J, Chen CC, Guo RT, Dong C, Zhou HB. Structure-guided identification of novel dual-targeting estrogen receptor α degraders with aromatase inhibitory activity for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115328. [PMID: 37037140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in conventional endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC). BC is a multifactorial disease, in which simultaneous aromatase (ARO) inhibition and ERα degradation may effectively inhibit the signal transduction of both proteins, thus potentially overcoming drug resistance caused by overexpression or mutation of target proteins. In this study, guided by the X-ray structure of a hit compound 30a in complex with ER-Y537S, a structure-based optimization was performed to get a series of multiacting inhibitors targeting both ERα and ARO, and finally a novel class of potent selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) based on a three-dimensional oxabicycloheptene sulfonamide (OBHSA) scaffold equipped with aromatase inhibitor (AI) activity were identified. Of these dual-targeting SERD-AI hybrids, compound 31q incorporating a 1H-1,2,4-triazole moiety showed excellent ERα degradation activity, ARO inhibitory activity and remarkable antiproliferative activity against BC resistant cells. Furthermore, 31q manifested efficient tumor suppression in MCF-7 tumor xenograft models. Taken together, our study reported for the first time the highly efficient dual-targeting SERD-AI hybrid compounds, which may lay the foundation of translational research for improved treatment of endocrine-resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Xin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hebing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chuanqian Du
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kang Shen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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10
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Lu Y, Liu C, Wang X, Liu L, Zhao Z, Liang Z, Liu Y, Wen Z, Du Q, Liu W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorinated selective estrogen receptor degraders (FSERDs) - A promising strategy for advanced ER positive breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115324. [PMID: 37019030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Although endocrine therapies involving pharmaceuticals, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, had initially demonstrated good responses in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, they often led to drug resistance. ER plays a vital role in the progression of metastatic diseases. Fulvestrant, a first generation selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), can effectively downregulate the ER protein and inhibit its downstream signaling pathways. However, as the drug needs to be intramuscularly injected, its widespread use is limited owing to poor patient compliance. Herein, we described a novel class of orally bioavailable fluorine-substituted SERDs that exhibit improved pharmacokinetic profiles. We substituted the hydroxyl group of clinical SERD candidate 6 with a fluorine atom to diminish phase II metabolism. The subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation identified 22h and 27b, which can effectively degrade ER in a dose-dependent manner and exhibit considerable antiproliferative potency and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The excellent pharmacokinetic profiles of 27b render it promising candidate of clinically useful oral SERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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11
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Puri S, Sawant S, Juvale K. A comprehensive review on the indazole based derivatives as targeted anticancer agents. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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12
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Söderström M, Matt C, Odell LR. Thioacetalation and Multi-Component Thiomethylative Friedel-Crafts Arylation Using BF 3SMe 2. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4320-4330. [PMID: 36743056 PMCID: PMC9893757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a method for thioacetalation using BF3SMe2 is presented. The method allows for convenient and odor-free transformation of aldehydes to methyl-dithioacetals, a simple but sparsely reported structural moiety, in good yields with a diverse set of aromatic aldehydes. In addition, a thiomethylative Friedel-Crafts reaction was discovered, affording thiomethylated diarylmethanes in good to excellent yields. The resulting diarylmethane core is of interest as it is found in many biologically active compounds, and its utility is further demonstrated as a novel precursor to unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. This work also highlights the usefulness and the synthetic capabilities of the readily available reagent BF3SMe2 beyond its reactivity profile as a dealkylation reagent.
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13
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Discovery of Highly Functionalized 5-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-ones That Exhibit Antiestrogenic Effects in Breast and Endometrial Cancer Cells and Potentiate the Antitumoral Effect of Tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215174. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen improves the overall survival rate in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. However, despite the fact that it exerts antagonistic effects on the ERα, it can act as a partial agonist, resulting in tumor growth in estrogen-sensitive tissues. In this study, highly functionalized 5-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-ones were synthesized and evaluated by using ERα- and phenotype-based screening assays. Compounds 32 and 35 inhibited 17β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated ERα-mediated transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in breast cancer cells without inhibition of the transcriptional activity mediated by androgen or glucocorticoid receptors. Compound 32 regulated E2-stimulated ERα-mediated transcription by partial antagonism, whereas compound 35 caused rapid and non-competitive inhibition. Monitoring of 2D and 3D cell growth confirmed potent antitumoral effects of both compounds on ER-positive breast cancer cells. Furthermore, compounds 32 and 35 caused apoptosis and blocked the cell cycle of ER-positive breast cancer cells in the sub-G1 and G0/G1 phases. Interestingly, compound 35 suppressed the functional activity of ERα in the uterus, as demonstrated by the inhibition of E2-stimulated transcription of estrogen and progesterone receptors and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity. Compound 35 showed a relatively low binding affinity with ERα. However, its antiestrogenic effect was associated with an increased polyubiquitination and a reduced protein expression of ERα. Clinically relevant, a possible combinatory therapy with compound 35 may enhance the antitumoral efficacy of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer cells. In silico ADME predictions indicated that these compounds exhibit good drug-likeness, which, together with their potential antitumoral effects and their lack of estrogenic activity, offers a pharmacological opportunity to deepen the study of ER-positive breast cancer treatment.
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14
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Chen H, Lu Y, Xiong R, Rosales CI, Coles C, Hamada K, Asad N, Thatcher GRJ, Lasek AW. Effect of a brain-penetrant selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) on binge drinking in female mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1313-1320. [PMID: 35581531 PMCID: PMC9357040 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Greater circulating levels of the steroid hormone 17β‐estradiol (E2) are associated with higher levels of binge drinking in women. In female mice, estrogen receptors in the ventral tegmental area, a dopaminergic region of the brain involved in the motivation to consume ethanol, regulate binge‐like ethanol intake. We recently developed a brain‐penetrant selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), YL3‐122, that could be used to test the behavioral role of brain estrogen receptors. We hypothesized that treating female mice with this compound would reduce binge‐like ethanol drinking. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice were treated systemically with YL3‐122 and a related SERD with low brain penetrance, XR5‐27, and tested for binge‐like ethanol consumption in the drinking in the dark (DID) test. Mice were also tested for sucrose and water consumption and blood ethanol clearance after treatment with the SERDs. Finally, the effect of ethanol exposure on Esr1 gene expression was measured in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of male and female mice by quantitative real‐time PCR after 4 DID sessions. Results YL3‐122 reduced ethanol consumption when mice were in diestrus but not estrus. YL3‐122 also decreased sucrose consumption but did not alter water intake or blood ethanol clearance. XR5‐27 did not affect any of these measures. Binge‐like ethanol drinking resulted in increased Esr1 transcript in the VTA of both sexes, male vHPC, and female PFC. Conclusions These results indicate that SERD treatment can decrease binge‐like ethanol drinking in female mice. Thus, it could be a novel strategy to reduce binge drinking in women, with the caveat that effectiveness may depend on menstrual cycle phase. In addition, Esr1 transcript is increased by binge ethanol exposure in both sexes but in a brain region‐specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carlo I Rosales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cassandre Coles
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kana Hamada
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nuria Asad
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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The Employment of Genera Vaccinium, Citrus, Olea, and Cynara Polyphenols for the Reduction of Selected Anti-Cancer Drug Side Effects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081574. [PMID: 35458136 PMCID: PMC9025632 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most widespread diseases globally and one of the leading causes of death. Known cancer treatments are chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, targeted hormonal therapy, or a combination of these methods. Antitumor drugs, with different mechanisms, interfere with cancer growth by destroying cancer cells. However, anticancer drugs are dangerous, as they significantly affect both cancer cells and healthy cells. In addition, there may be the onset of systemic side effects perceived and mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and further carcinogenicity. Many polyphenolic extracts, taken on top of common anti-tumor drugs, can participate in the anti-proliferative effect of drugs and significantly reduce the side effects developed. This review aims to discuss the current scientific knowledge of the protective effects of polyphenols of the genera Vaccinium, Citrus, Olea, and Cynara on the side effects induced by four known chemotherapy, Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Tamoxifen, and Paclitaxel. In particular, the summarized data will help to understand whether polyphenols can be used as adjuvants in cancer therapy, although further clinical trials will provide crucial information.
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16
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Scott JS, Barlaam B. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) and covalent antagonists (SERCAs): a patent review (2015-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 32:131-151. [PMID: 34763600 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2006185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The estrogen receptor (ER) is a clinically validated oncology target with a pivotal role in hormonally driven breast cancer, the most prevalent form of female cancer. Current treatments which directly modulate ER include antagonists (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, and degraders (SERDs), such as fulvestrant which is administered by intramuscular injection. AREAS COVERED This review covers patent applications that claim estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) and covalent antagonists (SERCAs) between the period January 2015 to June 2021. A total of 114 patent applications from 23 different applicants are evaluated with stratification into acidic SERDs, basic SERDs and SERCAs. EXPERT OPINION The clinical success of fulvestrant in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer has spurred research over the last decade into the discovery and development of novel SERDs, with a particular focus on the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs. This has resulted in a diverse range of candidates entering clinical trials. Although some have faltered in development, a cohort of oral SERDs has generated encouraging efficacy and safety data that has allowed advancement into late stage clinical trials. Data from these trials is eagerly awaited, with these molecules having the potential to offer significant benefits in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Scott
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Barlaam
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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17
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Rasha F, Sharma M, Pruitt K. Mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111322. [PMID: 34000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) subtype is characterized by estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Treatment of this BC subtype typically involves modalities that either suppress the production of estrogen or impede the binding of estrgen to its receptors, constituting the basis for endocrine therapy. While many patients have benefitted from endocrine therapy with clear reduction in mortality and cancer recurrence, one of the clinical hurdles that remain involves overcoming intrinsic (de novo) or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy driven by diverse and complex changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, such resistance may persist even after progression through additional antiestrogen therapies thus demonstrating the importance of further investigation of mechanisms of ER modulation. Here, we discuss a number of advances that provide a better understanding of the complex mechanistic basis for resistance to endocrine therapy as well as future therapeutic maneuvers that may break this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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18
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Li X, Wu J, Zhao L, Li W, Liu J. Dynamics-Based Discovery of Novel, Potent Benzoic Acid Derivatives as Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders for ERα+ Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7575-7595. [PMID: 34056898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is identified as an effective target for the treatment of ERα+ breast cancer; thus, discovery of novel selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) are developed as an effective method to overcome the resistance of breast cancer. Herein, the hot-spot residues for protein-ligand interaction between SERDs and ERα are analyzed by molecular dynamic simulation technology, focusing on the hot-spot residues for four series of designed and synthesized SERDs. SAR studies revealed that while the acrylic acid moiety of AZD9496 is scaffold hopping into benzoic acid, compound D24 exhibits potent binding affinity with ERα, good degradation efficacy of ERα, and inhibitory effect against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Besides, D24 also displays good antitumor efficacy in the MCF-7 human breast cancer xenograft model in vivo, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, excellent druggability, and good safety property, making D24 as a promising drug candidate of SERD for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,R&D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- R&D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Xue Li
- R&D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Jie Wu
- R&D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- R&D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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19
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Sundaravelu N, Singha T, Nandy A, Sekar G. Copper-catalyzed domino synthesis of multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophene through radical cyclization using xanthate as a sulfur surrogate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4512-4515. [PMID: 33955993 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed domino synthesis of multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophene through radical cyclization of 2-iodophenyl ketones was developed using xanthate as a sulfur surrogate. This method was extended to obtain tetracyclic Lupinalbin analogues through double C-S/C-O bond formation by changing the substituents. The products were converted to a HTI photoswitch, benzothiophene-fused flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallappan Sundaravelu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Faust TB, Donovan KA, Yue H, Chamberlain PP, Fischer ES. Small-Molecule Approaches to Targeted Protein Degradation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-051420-114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many essential biological processes are regulated through proximity, from membrane receptor signaling to transcriptional activity. The ubiquitin-proteasome system controls protein degradation, with ubiquitin ligases as the rate-limiting step. Ubiquitin ligases are commonly controlled at the level of substrate recruitment and, therefore, by proximity. There are natural and synthetic small molecules that also operate through induced proximity. For example, thalidomide is effective in treating multiple myeloma and functions as a molecular glue that stabilizes novel protein-protein interactions between a ubiquitin ligase and proteins not otherwise targeted by the ligase, leading to neo-substrate degradation. Emerging data on new degrader molecules have uncovered diverse mechanisms distinct from molecular glues, which often mirror the regulatory mechanisms that control substrate-ligase proximity in nature. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of biological and synthetic regulation of protein degradation and share our view on how these diverse mechanisms have inspired novel therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Faust
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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21
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Discovery of novel 2H-chromene-3-carbonyl derivatives as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs): Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104714. [PMID: 33618254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) not only block ERα activity but degrade this receptor at the same time and are effective in relapsed ERα positive breast cancer patients who have accepted other endocrine therapies. Herein, through scaffold hopping of coumarin skeleton, a series of 2H-chromene-3-carbonyl-based SERDs with phenyl acrylic acid group as the side chain were designed and synthesized. Compound XH04 containing 7-hydroxy-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl skeleton exhibited the most potent activities in 2D (IC50 = 0.8 μM) and 3D cells culture models (MCF-7) and had the best ERα binding affinity as well. Furthermore, the significant antiestrogen property of compound XH04 was confirmed by inhibiting the expression of progesterone receptor (PgR) mRNA in MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, the outgoing ERα degradation property of compound XH04 was qualitatively and quantificationally verified by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot assay in MCF-7 cells. Besides, compound XH04 repressed the expression level of Ki67 in MCF-7 cells and induced the apoptosis increase of this tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner like approved-SERD fulvestrant (2), while compound XH04 exhibited better preliminary pharmacokinetics in human and rat liver microsomes in vitro and a lower LogD7.4 value than fulvestrant. And further molecular docking study revealed that compound XH04 possessed a proverbial and typical binding model with ERα like other reported SERD. All these results confirmed that 7-hydroxy-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl structure could be a feasible skeleton for design of ERα antagonists including SERDs and compound XH04 is a promising candidate for further development of ERα + breast cancer therapy agents.
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22
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Abstract
Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, is used routinely as a chemotherapeutic agent for ER-positive breast cancer. However, it is also causes side effects, including retinotoxicity. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been recognized as the primary target of tamoxifen-induced retinotoxicity. The RPE plays an essential physiological role in the normal functioning of the retina. Nonetheless, potential therapeutic agents to prevent tamoxifen-induced retinotoxicity in breast cancer patients have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the action mechanisms of sulfasalazine against tamoxifen- induced RPE cell death. Tamoxifen induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated autophagic cell death and caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in RPE cells. However, sulfasalazine reduced tamoxifen-induced total ROS and ROS-mediated autophagic RPE cell death. Also, mRNA levels of tamoxifen-induced pyroptosis-related genes, IL-1β, NLRP3, and procaspase-1, also decreased in the presence of sulfasalazine in RPE cells. Additionally, the mRNA levels of tamoxifen-induced AMD-related genes, such as complement factor I (CFI), complement factor H (CFH), apolipoprotein E (APOE), apolipoprotein J (APOJ), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were downregulated in RPE cells. Together, these data provide novel insight into the therapeutic effects of sulfasalazine against tamoxifen-induced RPE cell death. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(5): 284-289].
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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23
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Lu Y, Liu W. Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs): A Promising Strategy for Estrogen Receptor Positive Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15094-15114. [PMID: 33138369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) plays important roles in gene transcription and the proliferation of ER positive breast cancers. Selective modulation of ER has been a therapeutic target for this specific type of breast cancer for more than 30 years. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been demonstrated to be effective therapeutic approaches for ER positive breast cancers. Unfortunately, 30-50% of ER positive tumors become resistant to SERM/AI treatment after 3-5 years. Fulvestrant, the only approved selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), is currently an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancers. The poor pharmacokinetic properties of fulvestrant have inspired the development of a new generation of oral SERDs to overcome drug resistance. In this review, we describe recent advances in ERα structure, functions, and mechanisms of endocrine resistance and summarize the development of oral SERDs in both academic and industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Wukun Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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24
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Wang L, Sharma A. The Quest for Orally Available Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs). ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2072-2097. [PMID: 32916035 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) is the target of endocrine therapies for the treatment of more than 70 % of ERα-positive breast cancers. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) antagonize estrogen binding and target the receptor for degradation, representing the last line of treatment for resistant metastatic breast cancer patients. However, the clinical efficacy of the lone clinically approved SERD (Fulvestrant) is limited by its poor oral bioavailability. Recently, several analogues of GW5638, an acrylic acid-based ERα ligand developed by Glaxo Research Institute in 1994, have been reported as promising orally bioavailable SERDs. Some of these compounds are currently in clinical trials, while various other structurally novel SERDs have also been reported by pharma as well as academic research groups. This review provides a critical analysis of the recent developments in orally available SERDs, with a focus on the structure-activity relationships, binding interactions and pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, USA
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25
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Scott JS, Moss TA, Balazs A, Barlaam B, Breed J, Carbajo RJ, Chiarparin E, Davey PRJ, Delpuech O, Fawell S, Fisher DI, Gagrica S, Gangl ET, Grebe T, Greenwood RD, Hande S, Hatoum-Mokdad H, Herlihy K, Hughes S, Hunt TA, Huynh H, Janbon SLM, Johnson T, Kavanagh S, Klinowska T, Lawson M, Lister AS, Marden S, McGinnity DF, Morrow CJ, Nissink JWM, O'Donovan DH, Peng B, Polanski R, Stead DS, Stokes S, Thakur K, Throner SR, Tucker MJ, Varnes J, Wang H, Wilson DM, Wu D, Wu Y, Yang B, Yang W. Discovery of AZD9833, a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader and Antagonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14530-14559. [PMID: 32910656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization of a series of tricyclic indazoles as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) and antagonists for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. Structure based design together with systematic investigation of each region of the molecular architecture led to the identification of N-[1-(3-fluoropropyl)azetidin-3-yl]-6-[(6S,8R)-8-methyl-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]isoquinolin-6-yl]pyridin-3-amine (28). This compound was demonstrated to be a highly potent SERD that showed a pharmacological profile comparable to fulvestrant in its ability to degrade ERα in both MCF-7 and CAMA-1 cell lines. A stringent control of lipophilicity ensured that 28 had favorable physicochemical and preclinical pharmacokinetic properties for oral administration. This, combined with demonstration of potent in vivo activity in mouse xenograft models, resulted in progression of this compound, also known as AZD9833, into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Scott
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Moss
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Amber Balazs
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bernard Barlaam
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Breed
- Discovery Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul R J Davey
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Oona Delpuech
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fawell
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David I Fisher
- Discovery Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric T Gangl
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Tyler Grebe
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Sudhir Hande
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Holia Hatoum-Mokdad
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kara Herlihy
- Discovery Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Hughes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Hunt
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Hoan Huynh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sophie L M Janbon
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Johnson
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Kavanagh
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mandy Lawson
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Lister
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Marden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Peng
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Radoslaw Polanski
- Discovery Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Darren S Stead
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Stokes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Kumar Thakur
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Scott R Throner
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Varnes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Haixia Wang
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Dedong Wu
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ye Wu
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bin Yang
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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26
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Cooper L, Schafer A, Li Y, Cheng H, Medegan Fagla B, Shen Z, Nowar R, Dye K, Anantpadma M, Davey RA, Thatcher GRJ, Rong L, Xiong R. Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11085-11099. [PMID: 32886512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Filoviridae, including Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, are emerging pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health. No agents have been approved to treat filovirus infections, representing a major unmet medical need. The selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) toremifene was previously identified from a screen of FDA-approved drugs as a potent EBOV viral entry inhibitor, via binding to EBOV glycoprotein (GP). A focused screen of ER ligands identified ridaifen-B as a potent dual inhibitor of EBOV and MARV. Optimization and reverse-engineering to remove ER activity led to a novel compound 30 (XL-147) showing potent inhibition against infectious EBOV Zaire (0.09 μM) and MARV (0.64 μM). Mutagenesis studies confirmed that inhibition of EBOV viral entry is mediated by the direct interaction with GP. Importantly, compound 30 displayed a broad-spectrum antifilovirus activity against Bundibugyo, Tai Forest, Reston, and Měnglà viruses and is the first submicromolar antiviral agent reported for some of these strains, therefore warranting further development as a pan-filovirus inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Adam Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bani Medegan Fagla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Raghad Nowar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Katherine Dye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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27
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Behravan J, Razazan A, Behravan G. Towards Breast Cancer Vaccines, Progress and Challenges. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 16:251-258. [PMID: 29732989 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180502164652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. National cancer institute of the US estimates that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Considering the devastating effects of the disease and the alarming numbers many scientists and research groups have devoted their research to fight breast cancer. Several recommendations are to be considered as preventing measures which include living a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, weight control and smoking cessation. Early detection of the disease by annual and regular mammography after the age of 40 is recommended by many healthcare institutions. This would help the diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage and the start of the treatment before it is spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for breast cancer includes surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which is often associated with adverse effects and even may lead to a relapse of the disease at a later stage. In order to achieve a long-lasting anticancer response with minimal adverse effects, development of breast cancer vaccines is under investigation by many laboratories. The immune system can be stimulated by a vaccine against breast cancer. This approach has attracted a great enthusiasm in recent years. No breast cancer vaccines have been approved for clinical use today. One breast cancer vaccine (NeuVax) has now completed clinical trial phase III and a few preventive and therapeutic breast cancer vaccines are at different steps of development. We think that with the recent advancements in immunotherapy, a breast cancer vaccine is not far from reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto M5G0B7, Canada
| | - Atefeh Razazan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazal Behravan
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Rana B. Transcription Factors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32824207 DOI: 10.339/cancers12082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process and requires constitutive expression/activation of transcription factors (TFs) for growth and survival. Many of the TFs reported so far are critical for carcinogenesis. These include pro-inflammatory TFs, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-controlling TFs, pluripotency TFs upregulated in cancer stem-like cells, and the nuclear receptors (NRs). Some of those, including HIFs, Myc, ETS-1, and β-catenin, are multifunctional and may regulate multiple other TFs involved in various pro-oncogenic events, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis. High expression of some TFs is also correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, constituting a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Considering the pivotal role of TFs in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop strategies targeting them. Targeting TFs, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, could emerge as a better strategy to target cancer. So far, targeting NRs have shown promising results in improving survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the TFs that play a central role in cancer progression, which could be potential therapeutic candidates for developing specific inhibitors. Here, we also discuss the efforts made to target some of those TFs, including NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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29
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Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Rana B. Transcription Factors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082296. [PMID: 32824207 PMCID: PMC7464564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process and requires constitutive expression/activation of transcription factors (TFs) for growth and survival. Many of the TFs reported so far are critical for carcinogenesis. These include pro-inflammatory TFs, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-controlling TFs, pluripotency TFs upregulated in cancer stem-like cells, and the nuclear receptors (NRs). Some of those, including HIFs, Myc, ETS-1, and β-catenin, are multifunctional and may regulate multiple other TFs involved in various pro-oncogenic events, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis. High expression of some TFs is also correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, constituting a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Considering the pivotal role of TFs in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop strategies targeting them. Targeting TFs, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, could emerge as a better strategy to target cancer. So far, targeting NRs have shown promising results in improving survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the TFs that play a central role in cancer progression, which could be potential therapeutic candidates for developing specific inhibitors. Here, we also discuss the efforts made to target some of those TFs, including NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Besret L, d'Heilly S, Aubert C, Bluet G, Gruss-Leleu F, Le-Gall F, Caron A, Andrieu L, Vincent S, Shomali M, Bouaboula M, Voland C, Ming J, Roy S, Rao S, Carrez C, Jouannot E. Translational strategy using multiple nuclear imaging biomarkers to evaluate target engagement and early therapeutic efficacy of SAR439859, a novel selective estrogen receptor degrader. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:70. [PMID: 32601772 PMCID: PMC7324464 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical in vivo nuclear imaging of mice offers an enabling perspective to evaluate drug efficacy at optimal dose and schedule. In this study, we interrogated sufficient estrogen receptor occupancy and degradation for the selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) compound SAR439859 using molecular imaging and histological techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS [18F]FluoroEstradiol positron emission tomography (FES-PET), [18F]FluoroDeoxyGlucose (FDG) PET, and [18F]FluoroThymidine (FLT) PET were investigated as early pharmacodynamic, tumor metabolism, and tumor proliferation imaging biomarkers, respectively, in mice bearing subcutaneous MCF7-Y537S mutant ERα+ breast cancer model treated with the SERD agent SAR439859. ER expression and proliferation index Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The combination of palbociclib CDK 4/6 inhibitor with SAR439859 was tested for its potential synergistic effect on anti-tumor activity. RESULTS After repeated SAR439859 oral administration over 4 days, FES tumoral uptake (SUVmean) decreases compared to baseline by 35, 57, and 55% for the 25 mg/kg qd, 12.5 mg/kg bid and 5 mg/kg bid treatment groups, respectively. FES tumor uptake following SAR439859 treatment at different doses correlates with immunohistochemical scoring for ERα expression. No significant difference in FDG uptake is observed after SAR439859 treatments over 3 days. FLT accumulation in tumor is significantly decreased when palbociclib is combined to SAR439859 (- 64%) but not different from the group dosed with palbociclib alone (- 46%). The impact on proliferation is corroborated by Ki-67 IHC data for both groups of treatment. CONCLUSIONS In our preclinical studies, dose-dependent inhibition of FES tumoral uptake confirmed target engagement of SAR439859 to ERα. FES-PET thus appears as a relevant imaging biomarker for measuring non-invasively the impact of SAR439859 on tumor estrogen receptor occupancy. This study further validates the use of FLT-PET to directly visualize the anti-proliferative tumor effect of the palbociclib CDK 4/6 inhibitor alone and in combination with SAR439859.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Besret
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Sébastien d'Heilly
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Cathy Aubert
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Florence Gruss-Leleu
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Françoise Le-Gall
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Anne Caron
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurent Andrieu
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Vincent
- Present address: Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 35 Landsdowne St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maysoun Shomali
- Sanofi Research and Development USA, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Monsif Bouaboula
- Sanofi Research and Development USA, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carole Voland
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 371, rue du Pr Blayac, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Jeffrey Ming
- Sanofi Research and Development USA, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Sanofi Research and Development USA, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chantal Carrez
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Erwan Jouannot
- Sanofi Research and Development France, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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31
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Roberts BL, Ma ZX, Gao A, Leisten ED, Yin D, Xu W, Tang W. Two-Stage Strategy for Development of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras and its Application for Estrogen Receptor Degraders. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1487-1496. [PMID: 32255606 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as useful chemical probes and potential therapeutics by taking advantage of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade intracellular disease-associated proteins. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules composed of a target protein ligand, E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand, and a linker between them. The generation of efficient PROTACs requires screening of many parameters, especially the lengths and types of the linkers. We report our proof-of-concept study using a two-stage strategy to facilitate the development of PROTACs against the estrogen receptor (ER). In stage one, a library of close to 100 PROTACs was synthesized by simply mixing a library of ERα ligands containing a hydrazide functional group at different positions with a preassembled library of E3 ligase ligands bearing different types and lengths of linkers with a terminal aldehyde group in a 1:1 ratio. Cell-based screening occurred without further purification, because the formation of the acylhydrazone linkage is highly efficient and produces water as the only byproduct. Compound A3 was the most potent ER degrader in two ER+ cell lines (DC50= ∼ 10 nM, Dmax= ≥ 95%). Stage two involved transformation to a more stable amide linker to generate a more drug-like molecule. The new compound, AM-A3, showed comparable biological activity (DC50 = 1.1 nM, Dmax = 98%) and induced potent antiproliferation (IC50= 13.2 nM, Imax= 69%) in MCF-7. This proof-of -concept study demonstrates that the two-stage strategy can significantly facilitate the development of PROTACs against ER without the tedious process of making large numbers of PROTACs one by one. It has the potential to be expanded to many other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett L. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhi-Xiong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Ang Gao
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Eric D. Leisten
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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32
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Li Y, Zhao J, Gutgesell LM, Shen Z, Ratia K, Dye K, Dubrovskyi O, Zhao H, Huang F, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ, Xiong R. Novel Pyrrolopyridone Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Motif (BET) Inhibitors Effective in Endocrine-Resistant ER+ Breast Cancer with Acquired Resistance to Fulvestrant and Palbociclib. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7186-7210. [PMID: 32453591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to fulvestrant and palbociclib is a new challenge to treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. ER is expressed in most resistance settings; thus, bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors (BETi) that target BET-amplified ER-mediated transcription have therapeutic potential. Novel pyrrolopyridone BETi leveraged novel interactions with L92/L94 confirmed by a cocrystal structure of 27 with BRD4. Optimization of BETi using growth inhibition in fulvestrant-resistant (MCF-7:CFR) cells was confirmed in endocrine-resistant, palbociclib-resistant, and ESR1 mutant cell lines. 27 was more potent in MCF-7:CFR cells than six BET inhibitors in clinical trials. Transcriptomic analysis differentiated 27 from the benchmark BETi, JQ-1, showing downregulation of oncogenes and upregulation of tumor suppressors and apoptosis. The therapeutic approach was validated by oral administration of 27 in orthotopic xenografts of endocrine-resistant breast cancer in monotherapy and in combination with fulvestrant. Importantly, at an equivalent dose in rats, thrombocytopenia was mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Li
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Kiira Ratia
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Katherine Dye
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Fei Huang
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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33
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Pharmacological Modulation of Steroid Activity in Hormone-Dependent Breast and Prostate Cancers: Effect of Some Plant Extract Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103690. [PMID: 32456259 PMCID: PMC7279356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The great majority of breast and prostate tumors are hormone-dependent cancers; hence, estrogens and androgens can, respectively, drive their developments, making it possible to use pharmacological therapies in their hormone-dependent phases by targeting the levels of steroid or modulating their physiological activity through their respective nuclear receptors when the tumors relapse. Unfortunately, at some stage, both breast and prostate cancers become resistant to pharmacological treatments that aim to block their receptors, estrogen (ER) or androgen (AR) receptors, respectively. So far, antiestrogens and antiandrogens used in clinics have been designed based on their structural analogies with natural hormones, 17-β estradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Plants are a potential source of drug discovery and the development of new pharmacological compounds. The aim of this review article is to highlight the recent advances in the pharmacological modulation of androgen or estrogen levels, and their activity through their cognate nuclear receptors in prostate or breast cancer and the effects of some plants extracts.
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34
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Irgashev RA, Demina NS, Rusinov GL. Construction of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophenes and benzo[4,5]selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophenes using the Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3164-3168. [PMID: 32267276 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00300j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-(hetero)aryl-substituted benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophenes, bearing various electron withdrawing groups at C-2 position of their scaffolds, were obtained using a convenient approach based on the Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis. To realize this strategy, the Friedel-Crafts acylation of (hetero)arenes with easily accessible 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl chlorides was initially performed to afford 3-chloro-2-(hetero)aroylbenzo[b]thiophenes. The latter ketones were treated either with methyl thioglycolate in the presence of DBU and calcium oxide powder or successively with sodium sulfide, an alkylating agent, containing methylene active component, and also DBU and calcium oxide, to form the desired benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene derivatives. In addition, similar benzo[4,5]selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene derivatives were prepared in the same manner using 3-bromobenzo[b]selenophen-2-yl substrates. The obtained functional derivatives of both benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene and benzo[4,5]selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene are of interest for further elaboration of organic semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia. and Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Demina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia. and Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Gennady L Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia. and Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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35
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Zhang C, Li Q, Ren Y, Liu F. Molecular modeling studies of benzothiophene-containing derivatives as promising selective estrogen receptor downregulators: a combination of 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2702-2723. [PMID: 32249694 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1751717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) for the treatment of positive breast cancer can act both as estrogen alpha receptor (ERα) antagonists and degraders. In this study, the optimal antagonist models (CoMFA-A, q2 = 0.660, r2 = 0.996; CoMSIA-A, q2 = 0.728, r2 = 0.992) and degrader models (CoMFA-D, q2 = 0.850, r2 = 0.996; CoMSIA-D, q2 = 0.719, r2 = 0.995) of a series of potent benzothiophene-containing SERDs were constructed to explore the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship. Internal and external validation indicated that all models exhibited good applicability, high predictive ability and robustness. Contour maps revealed the relationships between the essential structural features and antagonistic and degradation activities. Additionally, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculation studies were further performed to investigate the detailed binding mode. Results indicated that several key residues, ARG394, GLU353, PHE404 and ILE424, were crucial for the stability of the ligand binding domain. The hydrophobic, electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions played significant effect on the binding affinity. Finally, ten novel compounds were designed based on above findings, where the predicted activity of compound D8 was equivalent to that of the compound LSZ102. 3D-QSAR, ADMET and bioavailability predictions indicated that all designed compounds with good predicted activity, good physicochemical and bioavailability could be potential candidates for SERDs. These results and combinations of computational methods provided guidance for the rational drug design of novel potential SERDs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunlin Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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36
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Shagufta, Ahmad I, Mathew S, Rahman S. Recent progress in selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:438-454. [PMID: 33479648 PMCID: PMC7580774 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are a novel class of compounds capable of reducing the ERα protein level and blocking ER activity. Therefore, SERDs are considered as a significant therapeutic approach to treat ER+ breast cancer in both early stage and more advanced drug-resistant cases. After the FDA approval of a steroidal drug, fulvestrant, as a SERD for the treatment of breast cancer in patients who have progressed on antihormonal agents, several molecules with diverse chemical structures have been rapidly developed, studied and evaluated for selective estrogen receptor downregulation activity. Here we compile the promising SERDs reported in recent years and discuss the chemical structure and pharmacological profile of the most potent compound of the considered series. Because of the availability of only a limited number of effective drugs for the treatment of breast cancer, the quest for a potent SERD with respectable activity and bioavailability is still ongoing. The goal of this article is to make available to the reader an overview of the current progress in SERDs and provide clues for the future discovery and development of novel pharmacological potent SERDs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Shimy Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofia Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
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37
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Andreano KJ, Wardell SE, Baker JG, Desautels TK, Baldi R, Chao CA, Heetderks KA, Bae Y, Xiong R, Tonetti DA, Gutgesell LM, Zhao J, Sorrentino JA, Thompson DA, Bisi JE, Strum JC, Thatcher GRJ, Norris JD. G1T48, an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader, and the CDK4/6 inhibitor lerociclib inhibit tumor growth in animal models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:635-646. [PMID: 32130619 PMCID: PMC7103015 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The combination of targeting the CDK4/6 and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways with palbociclib and fulvestrant is a proven therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. However, the poor physicochemical properties of fulvestrant require monthly intramuscular injections to patients, which limit the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of the compound. Therefore, an orally available compound that more rapidly reaches steady state may lead to a better clinical response in patients. Here, we report the identification of G1T48, a novel orally bioavailable, non-steroidal small molecule antagonist of ER. Methods The pharmacological effects and the antineoplastic mechanism of action of G1T48 on tumors was evaluated using human breast cancer cells (in vitro) and xenograft efficacy models (in vivo). Results G1T48 is a potent and efficacious inhibitor of estrogen-mediated transcription and proliferation in ER-positive breast cancer cells, similar to the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant. In addition, G1T48 can effectively suppress ER activity in multiple models of endocrine therapy resistance including those harboring ER mutations and growth factor activation. In vivo, G1T48 has robust antitumor activity in a model of estrogen-dependent breast cancer (MCF7) and significantly inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-resistant (TamR), long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) and patient-derived xenograft tumors with an increased response being observed with the combination of G1T48 and the CDK4/6 inhibitor lerociclib. Conclusions These data show that G1T48 has the potential to be an efficacious oral antineoplastic agent in ER-positive breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-020-05575-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J Andreano
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Suzanne E Wardell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer G Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Taylor K Desautels
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Robert Baldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christina A Chao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kendall A Heetderks
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yeeun Bae
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jessica A Sorrentino
- G1 Therapeutics, Inc, 700 Park Offices Drive, Suite 200, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Delita A Thompson
- G1 Therapeutics, Inc, 700 Park Offices Drive, Suite 200, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - John E Bisi
- G1 Therapeutics, Inc, 700 Park Offices Drive, Suite 200, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jay C Strum
- G1 Therapeutics, Inc, 700 Park Offices Drive, Suite 200, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - John D Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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38
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Chinnasamy K, Saravanan M, Poomani K. Investigation of binding mechanism and downregulation of elacestrant for wild and L536S mutant estrogen receptor-α through molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analysis. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:97-109. [PMID: 31602686 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are the new emerging class of drugs that are used for the treatment of endocrine resistance breast cancer. Elacestrant (ELA) is a new SERD, currently it is in phase II clinical trial. To understand the ELA-ERα interactions, the molecular docking analysis has been carried out. The ELA molecule binds with the helices H3, H5, H6, and H11 and forms important intermolecular interactions. In addition to this, the tetrahydronapthalene and phenyl rings of ELA are forming T-shaped π···π interactions with the Phe404 and Trp383 residues. Further to understand the stability and flexibility of ELA molecule in the active site of wild and mutated L536S ERα, 100ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed for both complexes. Interestingly, the MD analysis of wild complex revealed an interaction between ELA and the Asn532 of H11, which is an essential interaction for the downregulation/degradation of ERα, whereas this interaction is not observed in the mutated complex. The drug binding mechanism and H12 dynamics have been elucidated from the analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions and the secondary structure analysis. To explore the binding affinity of ELA molecule, the binding free energy and normal mode analyses were carried out. The per residue decomposition analysis also performed, which shows the contribution of individual amino acids. The principal component analysis and residue interaction network analysis were used to identify the modifications and the interaction between the residues. From the results of different analysis, the inhibition mechanism and downregulation of ERα-ELA complex has been investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiarasi Chinnasamy
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
| | - Manjula Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
| | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
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39
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Lu Y, Gutgesell LM, Xiong R, Zhao J, Li Y, Rosales CI, Hollas M, Shen Z, Gordon-Blake J, Dye K, Wang Y, Lee S, Chen H, He D, Dubrovyskyii O, Zhao H, Huang F, Lasek AW, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Design and Synthesis of Basic Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders for Endocrine Therapy Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11301-11323. [PMID: 31746603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical steroidal selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), fulvestrant, is effective in metastatic breast cancer, but limited by poor pharmacokinetics, prompting the development of orally bioavailable, nonsteroidal SERDs, currently in clinical trials. These trials address local breast cancer as well as peripheral metastases, but patients with brain metastases are generally excluded because of the lack of blood-brain barrier penetration. A novel family of benzothiophene SERDs with a basic amino side arm (B-SERDs) was synthesized. Proteasomal degradation of ERα was induced by B-SERDs that achieved the objectives of oral and brain bioavailability, while maintaining high affinity binding to ERα and both potency and efficacy comparable to fulvestrant in cell lines resistant to endocrine therapy or bearing ESR1 mutations. A novel 3-oxyazetidine side chain was designed, leading to 37d, a B-SERD that caused endocrine-resistant ER+ tumors to regress in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Donghong He
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | | | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
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40
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Huang S, Chen Y, Liang ZM, Li NN, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Liao D, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Yao Y, Luo ML. Targeting Pin1 by All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Overcomes Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer via Multifactorial Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:322. [PMID: 31867329 PMCID: PMC6908472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumor in women worldwide and about 70% patients are estrogen receptor positive. In these cancer patients, resistance to the anticancer estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen emerges to be a major clinical obstacle. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is prominently overexpressed in breast cancer and involves in tamoxifen-resistance. Here, we explore the mechanism and effect of targeting Pin1 using its chemical inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. We found that Pin1 was up-regulated in tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues from relapsed patients. Pin1 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of ERα on S118 and stabilized ERα protein. ATRA treatment, resembling the effect of Pin1 knockdown, promoted ERα degradation in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Moreover, ATRA or Pin1 knockdown decreased the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. ATRA also reduced the nuclear expression and transcriptional activity of ERα. Importantly, ATRA inhibited cell viability and proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells in vitro. Slow-releasing ATRA tablets reduced the growth of tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, ATRA-induced Pin1 ablation inhibits tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer growth by suppressing multifactorial mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance simultaneously, which demonstrates an attractive strategy for treating aggressive and endocrine-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingzhun Liao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yandan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Li Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Guo WY, Zeng SMZ, Deora GS, Li QS, Ruan BF. Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1318-1337. [PMID: 31215379 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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42
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Scott JS, Breed J, Carbajo RJ, Davey PR, Greenwood R, Huynh HK, Klinowska T, Morrow CJ, Moss TA, Polanski R, Nissink JWM, Varnes J, Yang B. Building Bridges in a Series of Estrogen Receptor Degraders: An Application of Metathesis in Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1492-1497. [PMID: 31620239 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the use of metathesis to construct a novel tetracyclic core in a series of estrogen receptor degraders. This improved the chemical stability, as assessed using an NMR-MS based assay, and gave a molecule with excellent physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics in rat. X-ray crystallography established minimal perturbation of the bridged compounds relative to the unbridged analogues in the receptor binding pocket. Unfortunately, despite retaining excellent binding to ERα, this adversely affected the ability of the compounds to degrade the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Breed
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul R. Davey
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Greenwood
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Hoan K. Huynh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas A. Moss
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Varnes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bin Yang
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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43
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Volkova YA, Kozlov AS, Kolokolova MK, Uvarov DY, Gorbatov SA, Andreeva OE, Scherbakov AM, Zavarzin IV. Steroidal N-Sulfonylimidates: Synthesis and biological evaluation in breast cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:694-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Söderström M, Zamaratski E, Odell LR. BF
3
·SMe
2
for Thiomethylation, Nitro Reduction and Tandem Reduction/SMe Insertion of Nitrogen Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Söderström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala, Biomedical Center P. O. Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Edouard Zamaratski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala, Biomedical Center P. O. Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala, Biomedical Center P. O. Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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45
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Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Hu Z, Xiao Y, Huang J, Dong C, Huang S, Zhou HB. Exploring the PROTAC degron candidates: OBHSA with different side chains as novel selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Saha T, Makar S, Swetha R, Gutti G, Singh SK. Estrogen signaling: An emanating therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:116-143. [PMID: 31129450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a most common malignancy in women, was known to be associated with steroid hormone estrogen. The discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) gave us not only a powerful predictive and prognostic marker, but also an efficient target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer with various estrogen ligands. ER consists of two subtypes i.e. ERα and ERβ, that are mostly G-protein-coupled receptors and activated by estrogen, specially 17β-estradiol. The activation is followed by translocation into the nucleus and binding with DNA to modulate activities of different genes. ERs can manage synthesis of RNA through genomic actions without directly binding to DNA. Receptors are tethered by protein-protein interactions to a transcription factor complex to communicate with DNA. Estrogens also exhibit nongenomic actions, a characteristic feature of steroid hormones, which are so rapid to be considered by the activation of RNA and translation. These are habitually related to stimulation of different protein kinase cascades. Majority of post-menopausal breast cancer is estrogen dependent, mostly potent biological estrogen (E2) for continuous growth and proliferation. Estrogen helps in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells. In this review we have investigated the important role of ER in development and progression of breast cancer, which is complicated by receptor's interaction with co-regulatory proteins, cross-talk with other signal transduction pathways and development of treatment strategies viz. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor down regulators (SERDs), aromatase and sulphatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India.
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47
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Chinnasamy K, Saravanan M, Poomani K. Evaluation of binding and antagonism/downregulation of brilanestrant molecule in estrogen receptor-α via quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:219-235. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1574605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiarasi Chinnasamy
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manjula Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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48
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Cai F, Cai L, Zhou Z, Pan X, Wang M, Chen S, Luis MAF, Cen C, Biskup E. Prognostic role of Tif1γ expression and circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3685-3695. [PMID: 30896800 PMCID: PMC6470918 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription intermediary factor 1γ (Tif1γ), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, is a regulator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling. Tif1γ can function as an oncogene and as a tumor suppressor. In the present study, Tif1γ levels were measured in the plasma of patients with breast cancer in order to investigate the association of Tif1γ with overall survival (OS). The results indicated that Tif1γ is an independent prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer, and thus, a promising target protein for use in diagnostics and patient follow-up. Plasma levels of Tif1γ were measured in samples obtained from 110 patients with operable breast cancer and in 110 healthy volunteers at the Breast Cancer Department of Yangpu Hospital between 2008 and 2016. The association between Tif1γ levels and clinicopathologic parameters, and the OS in a follow-up period of 98 months was evaluated. The prognostic significance was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The levels of Tif1γ were significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared with healthy controls. The average concentration of 18.40 ng/ml was used to discriminate between Tif1γ-positive (52) and Tif1γ-negative patients (58). Tif1γ-positive patients had a significantly improved OS compared with Tif1γ-negative patients. In the multivariate analysis, Tif1γ was an independent predictor of a favorable OS in a prospective follow-up setting; thus, Tif1γ plasma levels are an independent prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. These findings support the potential of using measurements of Tif1γ plasma levels to guide breast cancer therapy and monitoring. Further studies are required to validate Tif1γ as an easily detectable, non-invasive prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Zhuchao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Manuel Antonio Falar Luis
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Cen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Ewelina Biskup
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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49
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Structure-based drug design, synthesis, In vitro, and In vivo biological evaluation of indole-based biomimetic analogs targeting estrogen receptor-α inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:281-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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50
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Scott JS, Bailey A, Buttar D, Carbajo RJ, Curwen J, Davey PRJ, Davies RDM, Degorce SL, Donald C, Gangl E, Greenwood R, Groombridge SD, Johnson T, Lamont S, Lawson M, Lister A, Morrow CJ, Moss TA, Pink JH, Polanski R. Tricyclic Indazoles-A Novel Class of Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader Antagonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1593-1608. [PMID: 30640465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the identification and synthesis of a series of tricyclic indazoles as a novel class of selective estrogen receptor degrader antagonists. Replacement of a phenol, present in our previously reported tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold, with an indazole group led to the removal of a reactive metabolite signal in an in vitro glutathione trapping assay. Further optimization, guided by X-ray crystal structures and NMR conformational work, varied the alkyl side chain and pendant aryl group and resulted in compounds with low turnover in human hepatocytes and enhanced chemical stability. Compound 9 was profiled as a representative of the series in terms of pharmacology and demonstrated the desired estrogen receptor α degrader-antagonist profile and demonstrated activity in a xenograft model of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Gangl
- Oncology IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca, R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
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