1
|
Mortier E, Maillasson M, Quéméner A. Counteracting Interleukin-15 to Elucidate Its Modes of Action in Physiology and Pathology. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:2-22. [PMID: 36651845 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 belongs to the common gamma-dependent cytokine family, along with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21. IL-15 is crucial for the homeostasis of Natural Killer (NK) and memory CD8 T cells, and to fight against cancer progression. However, dysregulations of IL-15 expression could occur and participate in the emergence of autoimmune inflammatory diseases as well as hematological malignancies. It is therefore important to understand the different modes of action of IL-15 to decrease its harmful action in pathology without affecting its beneficial effects in the immune system. In this review, we present the different approaches used by researchers to inhibit the action of IL-15, from most broad to the most selective. Indeed, it appears that it is important to selectively target the mode of action of the cytokine rather than the cytokine itself as they are involved in numerous biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Mortier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meghnem D, Maillasson M, Barbieux I, Morisseau S, Keita D, Jacques Y, Quéméner A, Mortier E. Selective Targeting of IL-15Rα Is Sufficient to Reduce Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886213. [PMID: 35592318 PMCID: PMC9110858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are crucial molecules for maintaining the proper functioning of the immune system. Nevertheless, a dysregulation of cytokine expression could be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a key factor for natural killer cells (NK) and CD8 T cells homeostasis, necessary to fight cancer and infections but could also be considered as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in autoimmune inflammatory disease, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1β. The molecular mechanisms by which IL-15 exerts its inflammatory function in these diseases are still unclear. In this study, we generated an IL-15-derived molecule called NANTIL-15 (New ANTagonist of IL-15), designed to selectively inhibit the action of IL-15 through the high-affinity trimeric IL-15Rα/IL-2Rβ/γc receptor while leaving IL-15 signaling through the dimeric IL-2Rβ/γc receptor unaffected. Administrating of NANTIL-15 in healthy mice did not affect the IL-15-dependent cell populations such as NK and CD8 T cells. In contrast, we found that NANTIL-15 efficiently reduced signs of inflammation in a collagen-induced arthritis model. These observations demonstrate that the inflammatory properties of IL-15 are linked to its action through the trimeric IL-15Rα/IL-2Rβ/γc receptor, highlighting the interest of selectively targeting this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Meghnem
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France.,Nantes University, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Bonamy, UMS BioCore, IMPACT Platform, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Barbieux
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Morisseau
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Dalloba Keita
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Jacques
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Erwan Mortier
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France.,Nantes University, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Bonamy, UMS BioCore, IMPACT Platform, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hue SSS, Ng SB, Wang S, Tan SY. Cellular Origins and Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal NK- and T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2483. [PMID: 35626087 PMCID: PMC9139583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system, which must ensure appropriate immune responses to both pathogens and commensal microflora, comprises innate lymphoid cells and various T-cell subsets, including intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs). An example of innate lymphoid cells is natural killer cells, which may be classified into tissue-resident, CD56bright NK-cells that serve a regulatory function and more mature, circulating CD56dim NK-cells with effector cytolytic properties. CD56bright NK-cells in the gastrointestinal tract give rise to indolent NK-cell enteropathy and lymphomatoid gastropathy, as well as the aggressive extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, the latter following activation by EBV infection and neoplastic transformation. Conventional CD4+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αβ+ TCRαβ+ T-cells are located in the lamina propria and the intraepithelial compartment of intestinal mucosa as type 'a' IELs. They are the putative cells of origin for CD4+ and CD8+ indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal T-cell lymphoma, NOS. In addition to such conventional T-cells, there are non-conventional T-cells in the intra-epithelial compartment that express CD8αα and innate lymphoid cells that lack TCRs. The central feature of type 'b' IELs is the expression of CD8αα homodimers, seen in monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), which primarily arises from both CD8αα+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αα+ TCRγδ+ IELs. EATL is the other epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in the GI tract, a subset of which arises from the expansion and reprograming of intracytoplasmic CD3+ innate lymphoid cells, driven by IL15 and mutations of the JAK-STAT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang G, Li K, Lin X, Li Y, Cui C, Li S, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (
Z
)‐
3‐Ylidenephthalides
via
H
3
PMo
12
O
40
‐Catalyzed
Cyclization of
2‐Acylbenzoic
Acids with Benzylic Alcohols. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry East China University of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 China
| | - Ke Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry East China University of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry East China University of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 China
| | - Yijin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry East China University of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 China
| | - Chengxing Cui
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan 453003 China
| | - Shixiong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Resource Recycling Wuzhou University Wuzhou Guangxi 543002 China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry East China University of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry East China University of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harwood O, O’Connor S. Therapeutic Potential of IL-15 and N-803 in HIV/SIV Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091750. [PMID: 34578331 PMCID: PMC8473246 DOI: 10.3390/v13091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-15, a proinflammatory cytokine critical for the generation, maintenance, and homeostasis of T cell responses, is produced naturally in response to HIV/SIV infection, but has also demonstrated therapeutic potential. IL-15 can boost CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and NK cell proliferation, activation, and function. However, IL-15 treatment may cause aberrant immune activation and accelerated disease progression in certain circumstances. Moreover, the relationship between the timing of IL-15 administration and disease progression remains unclear. The IL-15 superagonist N-803 was developed to expand the therapeutic potential of IL-15 by maximizing its tissue distribution and half-life. N-803 has garnered enthusiasm recently as a way to enhance the innate and cellular immune responses to HIV/SIV by improving CD8+ T cell recognition and killing of virus-infected cells and directing immune cells to mucosal sites and lymph nodes, the primary sites of virus replication. N-803 has also been evaluated in “shock and kill” strategies due to its potential to reverse latency (shock) and enhance antiviral immunity (kill). This review examines the current literature about the effects of IL-15 and N-803 on innate and cellular immunity, viral burden, and latency reversal in the context of HIV/SIV, and their therapeutic potential both alone and combined with additional interventions such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) and vaccination.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng J, Chen D, Xu J, Ding X, Wu Y, Shen HC, Tan X. Small molecule approaches to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Part III): Targeting cytokines and cytokine receptor complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128229. [PMID: 34214508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and dysregulated cytokine signaling plays an important role in the pathogenic development of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Despite intrinsic challenges in the disruption of interactions between cytokines and cytokine receptors, many first-in-class small-molecule inhibitors have been discovered over the past few years. The third part of the digest series presents recent progress in identifying such inhibitors and highlights the application of novel research tools in the fields of structural biology, computational analysis, screening methods, biophysical/biochemical assays and medicinal chemistry strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Computer Aided Drug Design, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefei Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rational modification, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-substituted phthalazinone derivatives designed to target interleukine-15 protein. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 39:116161. [PMID: 33932805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine structurally close to IL-2 and sharing with the IL-2Rβ and γc receptor (R) subunits. IL-15 plays important roles in innate and adaptative immunity, supporting the activation and proliferation of NK, NK-T, and CD8+ T cells. Over-expression of IL-15 has been shown to participate to the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and diverse T cell malignancies. This study is in continuity of our previous work through which a family of small-molecule inhibitors impeding IL-15/IL-2Rβ interaction with sub-micromolar activity has been identified using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and hit optimization methods. With the aim to improve the efficacy and selectivity of our lead inhibitor, specific modifications have been introduced on the basis of optimized SAR and modelisation. The new series of compounds generated have been evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the proliferation as well as the down-stream signaling of IL-15-dependent cells and to bind to IL-15.
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng YQ, Gu SX, Chen YS, Gao XD, Ren YX, Chen JC, Lu YY, Zhang H, Cao S. Virtual Screening and Optimization of Novel mTOR Inhibitors for Radiosensitization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1779-1798. [PMID: 32440103 PMCID: PMC7220363 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s249156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy has an ameliorative effect on a wide variety of tumors, but hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is insensitive to this treatment. Overactivated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important part in the resistance of HCC to radiotherapy; thus, mTOR inhibitors have potential as novel radiosensitizers to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy for HCC. Methods A lead compound was found based on pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking, and optimized according to the differences between the ATP-binding pockets of mTOR and PI3K. The radiosensitizing effect of the optimized compound (2a) was confirmed by colony formation assays and DNA double-strand break assays in vitro. The discovery and preclinical characteristics of this compound are described. Results The key amino acid residues in mTOR were identified, and a precise virtual screening model was constructed. Compound 2a, with a 4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold, exhibited promising potency against mTOR (mTOR IC50=7.1 nmol/L (nM)) with 126-fold selectivity over PI3Kα. Moreover, 2a significantly enhanced the sensitivity of HCC to radiotherapy in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion A new class of selective mTOR inhibitors was developed and their radiosensitization effects were confirmed. This study also provides a basis for developing mTOR-specific inhibitors for use as radiosensitizers for HCC radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Shou Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Gao
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Li G, Zhang X, Feng Z, Jiang J, Yang Y, Zhang P. Stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-3-ylidenephthalides via AlCl3-mediated cyclization with 2-acylbenzoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
The anti-inflammatory potential of cefazolin as common gamma chain cytokine inhibitor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2886. [PMID: 32076052 PMCID: PMC7031511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuing quest for specific inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines brings promise for effective therapies designed for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Cefazolin, a safe, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has been recently shown to specifically interact with interleukin 15 (IL-15) receptor subunit α (IL-15Rα) and to inhibit IL-15-dependent TNF-α and IL-17 synthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate cefazolin activity against IL-2, IL-4, IL-15 and IL-21, i.e. four cytokines sharing the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc). In silico, molecular docking unveiled two potential cefazolin binding sites within the IL-2/IL-15Rβ subunit and two within the γc subunit. In vitro, cefazolin decreased proliferation of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) following IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15 stimulation, reduced production of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α in IL-2- and IL-15-treated PBMC and in IL-15 stimulated natural killer (NK) cells, attenuated IL-4-dependent expression of CD11c in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and suppressed phosphorylation of JAK3 in response to IL-2 and IL-15 in PBMC, to IL-4 in TF-1 (erythroleukemic cell line) and to IL-21 in NK-92 (NK cell line). The results of the study suggest that cefazolin may exert inhibitory activity against all of the γc receptor-dependent cytokines, i.e. IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sousa RP, Laurent AD, Quéméner A, Mortier E, Questel JYL. Mechanistic and Structural Insights on the IL-15 System through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183261. [PMID: 31500206 PMCID: PMC6767322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 15 (IL-15), a four-helix bundle cytokine, is involved in a plethora of different cellular functions and, particularly, plays a key role in the development and activation of immune responses. IL-15 forms receptor complexes by binding with IL-2Rβ- and common γ (γc)-signaling subunits, which are shared with other members of the cytokines family (IL-2 for IL-2Rβ- and all other γc- cytokines for γc). The specificity of IL-15 is brought by the non-signaling α-subunit, IL-15Rα. Here we present the results of molecular dynamics simulations carried out on four relevant forms of IL-15: its monomer, IL-15 interacting individually with IL-15Rα (IL-15/IL-15Rα), with IL-2Rβ/γc subunits (IL-15/IL-2Rβ/γc) or with its three receptors simultaneously (IL-15/IL-15Rα/IL-2Rβ/γc). Through the analyses of the various trajectories, new insights on the structural features of the interfaces are highlighted, according to the considered form. The comparison of the results with the experimental data, available from X-ray crystallography, allows, in particular, the rationalization of the importance of IL-15 key residues (e.g., Asp8, Lys10, Glu64). Furthermore, the pivotal role of water molecules in the stabilization of the various protein-protein interfaces and their H-bonds networks are underlined for each of the considered complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui P Sousa
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- CRCINA, CNRS, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44200 Nantes, France.
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO) LabEx, Nantes, France.
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- CRCINA, CNRS, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44200 Nantes, France.
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO) LabEx, Nantes, France.
| | - Erwan Mortier
- CRCINA, CNRS, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44200 Nantes, France.
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO) LabEx, Nantes, France.
- IMPACT Platform, SFR Santé, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Le Questel
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Virtual screening identification of novel chemical inhibitors for aberrant interactions between pathogenic mutant SOD1 and tubulin. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:19-26. [PMID: 30831216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease caused by selective motor neuron death. Mutations in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) belong to one of the four major mutation clusters responsible for pathogenesis of ALS. Toxic gain-of-function (not loss-of-function) of SOD1 mutants causes motor neuron degeneration. Aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPI) between mutant SOD1 and other proteins are involved in this toxic gain-of-function. Therefore, PPI inhibitors of mutant SOD1 not only increase understanding of ALS pathogenesis, but can also be used as novel therapeutics for ALS. Although it is challenging to identify PPI inhibitors, prior knowledge of the binding site can increase success probability. We have previously reported that tubulin interacts with N-terminal residues 1-23 of mutant SOD1. In the present study, we performed virtual screening by docking simulation of 32,791 compounds using this N-terminal binding site as prior knowledge. An established assay system for interaction inhibition between mutant SOD1-tubulin was used as an in-house model system to identify mutant SOD1 PPI inhibitors, with the goal of developing novel therapeutics for ALS. Consequently, five of six assay-executable compounds among top-ranked compounds during docking simulation inhibited the mutant SOD1-tubulin interaction in vitro. Binding mode analysis predicted that some inhibitors might bind the tubulin binding site of G85R SOD1 by pi electron interaction with the aromatic ring of the Trp32 residue of G85R SOD1. Our screening methods may contribute to the identification of lead compounds for treating ALS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chatterjee D, Kaur G, Muradia S, Singh B, Agrewala JN. ImmtorLig_DB: repertoire of virtually screened small molecules against immune receptors to bolster host immunity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3092. [PMID: 30816123 PMCID: PMC6395627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Host directed therapies to boost immunity against infection are gaining considerable impetus following the observation that use of antibiotics has become a continuous source for the emergence of drug resistant strains of pathogens. Receptors expressed by the cells of immune system play a cardinal role in initiating sequence of events necessary to ameliorate many morbid conditions. Although, ligands for the immune receptors are available; but their use is limited due to complex structure, synthesis and cost-effectiveness. Virtual screening (VS) is an integral part of chemoinformatics and computer-aided drug design (CADD) and aims to streamline the process of drug discovery. ImmtorLig_DB is a repertoire of 5000 novel small molecules, screened from ZINC database and ranked using structure based virtual screening (SBVS) against 25 immune receptors which play a pivotal role in defending and initiating the activation of immune system. Consequently, in the current study, small molecules were screened by docking on the essential domains present on the receptors expressed by cells of immune system. The screened molecules exhibited efficacious binding to immune receptors, and indicated a possibility of discovering novel small molecules. Other features of ImmtorLig_DB include information about availability, clustering analysis, and estimation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of the screened small molecules. Structural comparisons indicate that predicted small molecules may be considered novel. Further, this repertoire is available via a searchable graphical user interface (GUI) through http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/bvs/immtor/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurkirat Kaur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Shilpa Muradia
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Balvinder Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
DPIE [2-(1,2-diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] Augments Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Primary Human Oral Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071835. [PMID: 29932110 PMCID: PMC6073580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a prominent pro-inflammatory cytokine that is implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases and plays an important role in host defense against infections. IL-1β activity increases with its increasing binding capacity to IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). Thus, numerous studies have targeted the discovery of molecules modulating the interactions between IL-1β and IL-1R1. We have conducted an IL-1R1 structure-based virtual screening to identify small molecules that could alter IL-1β activity, using in silico computational analysis. Sixty compounds from commercial libraries were predicted to bind to IL-1R1, and their influence on cytokine production in IL-1β-stimulated gingival fibroblasts (GFs) was determined. Of these, only (2-(1,2-diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine (DPIE) showed a synergistic increase in inflammatory molecules and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2) at both mRNA and protein levels in IL-1β-stimulated GFs. The enhancing activity of DPIE in IL-1β-induced cytokine production increased in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. This pattern was also observed in IL-1β-stimulated primary human periodontal ligament cells (PDLs). Furthermore, we measured the impact of DPIE on the IL-1β–IL-1R1 system using surface plasmon resonance and demonstrated that DPIE increased the binding affinity of IL-1β to IL-1R1. These data indicate that DPIE boosts IL-1β signaling by enhancing the binding of IL-1β to IL-1R1 in oral primary cells.
Collapse
|