1
|
Siragusa G, Brandi J, Rawling T, Murray M, Cecconi D. Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Palmitic Acid for Mitochondrial Targeting of Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Proteomic and Molecular Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6790. [PMID: 38928494 PMCID: PMC11203427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)'s resistance to therapies is mainly attributed to pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Mitochondria-impairing agents can be used to hamper PCSC propagation and reduce PDAC progression. Therefore, to develop an efficient vector for delivering drugs to the mitochondria, we synthesized tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium-conjugated palmitic acid. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) is a lipophilic cationic moiety that promotes the accumulation of conjugated agents in the mitochondrion. Palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated fatty acid, has pro-apoptotic activity in different types of cancer cells. TPP-PA was prepared by the reaction of 16-bromopalmitic acid with TPP, and its structure was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS. We compared the proteomes of TPP-PA-treated and untreated PDAC cells and PCSCs, identifying dysregulated proteins and pathways. Furthermore, assessments of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS, cardiolipin content and lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and autophagy markers provided information on the mechanism of action of TPP-PA. The findings showed that TPP-PA reduces PDAC cell proliferation through mitochondrial disruption that leads to increased ROS, activation of ER stress, and autophagy. Hence, TPP-PA might offer a new approach for eliminating both the primary population of cancer cells and PCSCs, which highlights the promise of TPP-derived compounds as anticancer agents for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Siragusa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Michael Murray
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahman MK, Umashankar B, Choucair H, Bourget K, Rawling T, Murray M. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway promotes MDA-MB-231 cell survival and renewal in response to the aryl-ureido fatty acid CTU. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 171:106571. [PMID: 38608921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited to toxic drug combinations of low efficacy. We recently identified an aryl-substituted fatty acid analogue, termed CTU, that effectively killed TNBC cells in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo without producing toxicity. However, there was a residual cell population that survived treatment. The present study evaluated the mechanisms that underlie survival and renewal in CTU-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. RNA-seq profiling identified several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that were activated in treated cells. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis. Increased self-renewal was confirmed using the non-adherent, in vitro colony-forming mammosphere assay. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition suppressed the self-renewal of MDA-MB-231 cells post-CTU treatment. IPA network analysis identified major NF-κB and XBP1 gene networks that were activated by CTU; chemical inhibitors of these pathways and esiRNA knock-down decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. NF-κB and XBP1 signaling was in turn activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), which mediates the unfolded protein response. Co-treatment with an inhibitor of IRE1 kinase and RNase activities, decreased phospho-NF-κB and XBP1s expression and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Further, IRE1 inhibition also enhanced apoptotic cell death and prevented the activation of self-renewal by CTU. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the IRE1 ER-stress pathway is activated by the anti-cancer lipid analogue CTU, which then activates secondary self-renewal in TNBC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Khalilur Rahman
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Balasubrahmanyam Umashankar
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hassan Choucair
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murray M. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derived lipid mediators: a comprehensive update on their application in anti-cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:617-629. [PMID: 38595031 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2340493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of health benefits, including anticancer activity, and are converted to lipid mediators that could be adapted into pharmacological strategies. However, the stability of these mediators must be improved, and they may require formulation to achieve optimal tissue concentrations. AREAS COVERED Herein, the author reviews the literature around chemical stabilization and formulation of ω-3 PUFA mediators and their application in anticancer drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION Aryl-urea bioisosteres of ω-3 PUFA epoxides that killed cancer cells targeted the mitochondrion by a novel dual mechanism: as protonophoric uncouplers and as inhibitors of electron transport complex III that activated ER-stress and disrupted mitochondrial integrity. In contrast, aryl-ureas that contain electron-donating substituents prevented cancer cell migration. Thus, aryl-ureas represent a novel class of agents with tunable anticancer properties. Stabilized analogues of other ω-3 PUFA-derived mediators could also be adapted into anticancer strategies. Indeed, a cocktail of agents that simultaneously promote cell killing, inhibit metastasis and angiogenesis, and that attenuate the pro-inflammatory microenvironment is a novel future anticancer strategy. Such regimen may enhance anticancer drug efficacy, minimize the development of anticancer drug resistance and enhance outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalhat MH, Choudhry H, Khan MI. NAT10, an RNA Cytidine Acetyltransferase, Regulates Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051116. [PMID: 37237981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) regulates fatty acid metabolism through ac4C-dependent RNA modification of key genes in cancer cells. During this work, we noticed ferroptosis as one of the most negatively enriched pathways among other pathways in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. In the current work, we explore the possibility of whether NAT10 acts as an epitranscriptomic regulator of the ferroptosis pathway in cancer cells. Global ac4C levels and expression of NAT10 with other ferroptosis-related genes were assessed via dotblot and RT-qPCR, respectively. Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis were used to assess oxidative stress and ferroptosis features. The ac4C-mediated mRNA stability was conducted using RIP-PCR and mRNA stability assay. Metabolites were profiled using LC-MS/MS. Our results showed significant downregulation in expression of essential genes related to ferroptosis, namely SLC7A11, GCLC, MAP1LC3A, and SLC39A8 in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. Further, we noticed a reduction in cystine uptake and reduced GSH levels, along with elevated ROS, and lipid peroxidation levels in NAT10-depleted cells. Consistently, overproduction of oxPLs, as well as increased mitochondrial depolarization and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, support the notion of ferroptosis induction in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. Mechanistically, a reduced ac4C level shortens the half-life of GCLC and SLC7A11 mRNA, resulting in low levels of intracellular cystine and reduced GSH, failing to detoxify ROS, and leading to increased cellular oxPLs, which facilitate ferroptosis induction. Collectively, our findings suggest that NAT10 restrains ferroptosis by stabilizing the SLC7A11 mRNA transcripts in order to avoid oxidative stress that induces oxidation of phospholipids to initiate ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahman MK, Umashankar B, Choucair H, Pazderka C, Bourget K, Chen Y, Dunstan CR, Rawling T, Murray M. Inclusion of the in-chain sulfur in 3-thiaCTU increases the efficiency of mitochondrial targeting and cell killing by anticancer aryl-urea fatty acids. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175470. [PMID: 36543287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria in tumor cells are functionally different from those in normal cells and could be targeted to develop new anticancer agents. We showed recently that the aryl-ureido fatty acid CTU is the prototype of a new class of mitochondrion-targeted agents that kill cancer cells by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and promoting apoptosis. However, prolonged treatment with high doses of CTU were required for in vivo anti-tumor activity. Thus, new strategies are now required to produce agents that have enhanced anticancer activity over CTU. In the present study we prepared a novel aryl-urea termed 3-thiaCTU, that contained an in-chain sulfur heteroatom, for evaluation in tumor cell lines and in mice carrying tumor xenografts. The principal finding to emerge was that 3-thiaCTU was several-fold more active than CTU in the activation of aryl-urea mechanisms that promoted cancer cell killing. Thus, in in vitro studies 3-thiaCTU disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS production, activated ER-stress and promoted tumor cell apoptosis more effectively than CTU. 3-ThiaCTU was also significantly more active than CTUin vivo in mice that carried MDA-MB-231 cell xenografts. Compared to CTU, 3-thiaCTU prevented tumor growth more effectively and at much lower doses. These findings indicate that, in comparison to CTU, 3-thiaCTU is an aryl-urea with markedly enhanced activity that could now be suitable for development as a novel anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Khalilur Rahman
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Balasubrahmanyam Umashankar
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Hassan Choucair
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Curtis Pazderka
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Colin R Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bian H, Ma D, Pan F, Zhang X, Xin K, Zhang X, Yang Y, Peng X, Xiao Y. Cardiolipin-Targeted NIR-II Fluorophore Causes "Avalanche Effects" for Re-Engaging Cancer Apoptosis and Inhibiting Metastasis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22562-22573. [PMID: 36445324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Restoring innate apoptosis and simultaneously inhibiting metastasis by a molecular drug is an effective cancer therapeutic approach. Herein, a large rigid and V-shaped NIR-II dye, DUT850, is rationally designed for potential cardiolipin (CL)-targeted chemo-phototheranostic application. DUT850 displays moderate NIR-II fluorescence, excellent photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) performance, and ultra-high photostability. More importantly, the unique rigid V-shaped backbone, positive charge, and lipophilicity of DUT850 afford its specific recognition and efficient binding to CL; such an interaction of DUT850-CL induced a spectrum of physiological disruptions, including translocation of cytochrome c, Ca2+ overload, reactive oxygen species burst, and ATP depletion, which not only activated cancer cell apoptosis but also inhibited tumor metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the tight binding of DUT850-CL improves the phototoxicity of DUT850 toward cancer cells (IC50 as low as 90 nM) under safe 808 nm laser irradiation (330 mW cm-2). Upon encapsulation into bovine serum albumin (BSA), DUT850@BSA exerted a synergetic chemo-PDT-PTT effect on the 4T1 tumor mouse model, eventually leading to solid tumor annihilation and metastasis inhibition, which could be followed in real time with the NIR-II fluorescence of DUT850. This work contributed a promising approach for simultaneously re-engaging cancer cell apoptotic networks and activating the anti-metastasis pathway by targeting a pivotal upstream effector, which will bring a medical boon for inhibition of tumor proliferation and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Youjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The aryl-ureido fatty acid CTU activates endoplasmic reticulum stress and PERK/NOXA-mediated apoptosis in tumor cells by a dual mitochondrial-targeting mechanism. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:131-141. [PMID: 34822928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer cell mitochondrion is functionally different from that in normal cells and could be targeted to develop novel experimental therapeutics. The aryl-ureido fatty acid CTU (16({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-carbamoyl}amino)hexadecanoic acid) is the prototype of a new class of mitochondrion-targeted agents that kill cancer cells. Here we show that CTU rapidly depolarized the inner mitochondrial membrane, selectively inhibited complex III of the electron transport chain and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. From RNA-seq analysis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress was a major activated pathway in CTU-treated cells and in MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts from CTU-treated nu/nu mice. Mitochondrion-derived ROS activated the PERK-linked ER-stress pathway and induced the BH3-only protein NOXA leading to outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) disruption. The lipid peroxyl scavenger α-tocopherol attenuated CTU-dependent ER-stress and apoptosis which confirmed the critical role of ROS. Oleic acid protected against CTU-mediated apoptosis by activating Mcl-1 expression, which increased NOXA sequestration and prevented OMM disruption. Taken together, CTU both uncouples mitochondrial electron transport and activates ROS production which promotes ER-stress-dependent OMM disruption and tumor cell death. Dual-mitochondrial targeting agents like CTU offer a novel approach for development of new anti-cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shrestha R, Johnson E, Byrne FL. Exploring the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncouplers in cancer. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101222. [PMID: 33781939 PMCID: PMC8129951 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial uncouplers are well-known for their ability to treat a myriad of metabolic diseases, including obesity and fatty liver diseases. However, for many years now, mitochondrial uncouplers have also been evaluated in diverse models of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, some mitochondrial uncouplers are now in clinical trials for cancer, although none have yet been approved for the treatment of cancer. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we summarise published studies in which mitochondrial uncouplers have been investigated as an anti-cancer therapy in preclinical models. In many cases, mitochondrial uncouplers show strong anti-cancer effects both as single agents, and in combination therapies, and some are more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial uncoupling mechanism of action in cancer cells has been described in detail, with consistencies and inconsistencies between different structural classes of uncouplers. For example, many mitochondrial uncouplers decrease ATP levels and disrupt key metabolic signalling pathways such as AMPK/mTOR but have different effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Many of these effects oppose aberrant phenotypes common in cancer cells that ultimately result in cell death. We also highlight several gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed before we have a clear direction and strategy for applying mitochondrial uncouplers as anti-cancer agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS There is a large body of evidence supporting the therapeutic use of mitochondrial uncouplers to treat cancer. However, the long-term safety of some uncouplers remains in question and it will be critical to identify which patients and cancer types would benefit most from these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Shrestha
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Edward Johnson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Zubaidi Y, Chen Y, Khalilur Rahman M, Umashankar B, Choucair H, Bourget K, Chung L, Qi Y, Witting PK, Anderson RL, O'Neill GM, Dunstan CR, Rawling T, Murray M. PTU, a novel ureido-fatty acid, inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell invasion and dissemination by modulating Wnt5a secretion and cytoskeletal signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114726. [PMID: 34389322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration and invasion promote tumor cell metastasis, which is the leading cause of cancer death. At present there are no effective treatments. Epidemiological studies have suggested that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may decrease cancer aggressiveness. In recent studies epoxide metabolites of ω-3 PUFA exhibited anti-cancer activity, although increased in vivo stability is required to develop useful drugs. Here we synthesized novel stabilized ureido-fatty acid ω-3 epoxide isosteres and found that one analogue - p-tolyl-ureidopalmitic acid (PTU) - inhibited migration and invasion by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in xenografted nu/nu mice. From proteomics analysis of PTU-treated cells major regulated pathways were linked to the actin cytoskeleton and actin-based motility. The principal finding was that PTU impaired the formation of actin protrusions by decreasing the secretion of Wnt5a, which dysregulated the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Exogenous Wnt5a restored invasion and Wnt/PCP signalling in PTU-treated cells. PTU is the prototype of a novel class of agents that selectively dysregulate the Wnt/PCP pathway by inhibiting Wnt5a secretion and actin dynamics to impair MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Al-Zubaidi
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; College of Pharmacy, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Md Khalilur Rahman
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bala Umashankar
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hassan Choucair
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Long Chung
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Translational Breast Cancer Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Colin R Dunstan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rawling T, MacDermott-Opeskin H, Roseblade A, Pazderka C, Clarke C, Bourget K, Wu X, Lewis W, Noble B, Gale PA, O'Mara ML, Cranfield C, Murray M. Aryl urea substituted fatty acids: a new class of protonophoric mitochondrial uncoupler that utilises a synthetic anion transporter. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12677-12685. [PMID: 34094462 PMCID: PMC8163295 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02777d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiring mitochondria establish a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) that is used to generate ATP. Protein-independent mitochondrial uncouplers collapse the proton gradient and disrupt ATP production by shuttling protons back across the MIM in a protonophoric cycle. Continued cycling relies on the formation of MIM-permeable anionic species that can return to the intermembrane space after deprotonation in the mitochondrial matrix. Previously described protonophores contain acidic groups that are part of delocalised π-systems that provide large surfaces for charge delocalisation and facilitate anion permeation across the MIM. Here we present a new class of protonophoric uncoupler based on aryl-urea substituted fatty acids in which an acidic group and a π-system are separated by a long alkyl chain. The aryl-urea group in these molecules acts as a synthetic anion receptor that forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the fatty acid carboxylate after deprotonation. Dispersal of the negative charge across the aryl-urea system produces lipophilic dimeric complexes that can permeate the MIM and facilitate repeated cycling. Substitution of the aryl-urea group with lipophilic electron withdrawing groups is critical to complex lipophilicity and uncoupling activity. The aryl-urea substituted fatty acids represent the first biological example of mitochondrial uncoupling mediated by the interaction of a fatty acid and an anion receptor moiety, via self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia +61-2-9514-7956
| | - Hugo MacDermott-Opeskin
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia +61-2-9514-7956
| | - Curtis Pazderka
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia +61-2-9514-7956
| | - Callum Clarke
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia +61-2-9514-7956
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Benjamin Noble
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
- School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Philip A Gale
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Megan L O'Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Amides: New Avenues in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072279. [PMID: 32224850 PMCID: PMC7178041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades a renewed interest in n−3 very long polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), derived mainly from fish oils in the human diet, has been observed because of their potential effects against cancer diseases, including breast carcinoma. These n−3 PUFAs mainly consist of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that, alone or in combination with anticancer agents, induce cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and tumor growth inhibition. A large number of molecular targets of n−3 PUFAs have been identified and multiple mechanisms appear to underlie their antineoplastic activities. Evidence exists that EPA and DHA also elicit anticancer effects by the conversion to their corresponding ethanolamide derivatives in cancer cells, by binding and activation of different receptors and distinct signaling pathways. Other conjugates with serotonin or dopamine have been found to exert anti-inflammatory activities in breast tumor microenvironment, indicating the importance of these compounds as modulators of tumor epithelial/stroma interplay. The objective of this review is to provide a general overview and an update of the current n−3 PUFA derivative research and to highlight intriguing aspects of the potential therapeutic benefits of these low-toxicity compounds in breast cancer treatment and care.
Collapse
|
12
|
Murray M, Roseblade A, Chen Y, Bourget K, Rawling T. Carbon Chain Length Modulates MDA‐MB‐231 Breast Cancer Cell Killing Mechanisms by Mitochondrially Targeted Aryl−Urea Fatty Acids. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:247-255. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Proliferation of C6 glioma cells requires the phospholipid remodeling enzyme tafazzin independent of cardiolipin composition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158596. [PMID: 31884050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid (CL) has been linked to mitochondrial and cellular functions. It has been postulated that the composition of CL is of impact for mitochondrial energy metabolism and cell proliferation. Although a correlation between CL composition and proliferation could be demonstrated for several cell types, evidence for a causal relationship remains obscure. Here, we applied two independent approaches, i) supplementation of fatty acids and ii) knock-out of the phospholipid remodeling enzyme tafazzin, to manipulate CL composition and analyzed the response on proliferation of C6 glioma cells. Both strategies caused substantial changes in the distribution of cellular fatty acids as well as in the distribution of fatty acids incorporated in CL that were accompanied by changes of the composition of molecular CL species. These changes did not correlate with cell proliferation. However, knock-out of tafazzin caused dramatic reduction in proliferation of C6 glioma cells independent of CL composition. The mechanism of tafazzin-dependent restriction of proliferation remains unclear. Among the various fatty acids administered only palmitic acid restricted cell proliferation by induction of cell death.
Collapse
|
14
|
Terao M, Goracci L, Celestini V, Kurosaki M, Bolis M, Di Veroli A, Vallerga A, Fratelli M, Lupi M, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Gianni M, Paroni G, Zanetti A, Cruciani G, Garattini E. Role of mitochondria and cardiolipins in growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by retinoic acid. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:436. [PMID: 31665044 PMCID: PMC6821005 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background All-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) is a promising agent in the prevention/treatment of breast-cancer. There is growing evidence that reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes to malignant transformation and progression. Lipid metabolism is implicated in cell differentiation and metastatic colonization and it is involved in the mechanisms of sensitivity/resistance to different anti-tumor agents. The role played by lipids in the anti-tumor activity of ATRA has never been studied. Methods We used 16 breast cancer cell-lines whose degree of sensitivity to the anti-proliferative action of ATRA is known. We implemented a non-oriented mass-spectrometry based approach to define the lipidomic profiles of each cell-line grown under basal conditions and following treatment with ATRA. To complement the lipidomic data, untreated and retinoid treated cell-lines were also subjected to RNA-sequencing to define the perturbations afforded by ATRA on the whole-genome gene-expression profiles. The number and functional activity of mitochondria were determined in selected ATRA-sensitive and –resistant cell-lines. Bio-computing approaches were used to analyse the high-throughput lipidomic and transcriptomic data. Results ATRA perturbs the homeostasis of numerous lipids and the most relevant effects are observed on cardiolipins, which are located in the mitochondrial inner membranes and play a role in oxidative-phosphorylation. ATRA reduces the amounts of cardiolipins and the effect is associated with the growth-inhibitory activity of the retinoid. Down-regulation of cardiolipins is due to a reduction of mitochondria, which is caused by an ATRA-dependent decrease in the expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. This demonstrates that ATRA anti-tumor activity is due to a decrease in the amounts of mitochondria causing deficits in the respiration/energy-balance of breast-cancer cells. Conclusions The observation that ATRA anti-proliferative activity is caused by a reduction in the respiration and energy balance of the tumor cells has important ramifications for the therapeutic action of ATRA in breast cancer. The study may open the way to the development of rational therapeutic combinations based on the use of ATRA and anti-tumor agents targeting the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mineko Terao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Celestini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Mami Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Vallerga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Fratelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gianni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriela Paroni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Zanetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aryl-urea fatty acids that activate the p38 MAP kinase and down-regulate multiple cyclins decrease the viability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
16
|
Nanoemulsion-Enabled Oral Delivery of Novel Anticancer ω-3 Fatty Acid Derivatives. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100825. [PMID: 30322115 PMCID: PMC6215190 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based drugs are emerging as an interesting class of novel anticancer drugs with the potential to target specific cancer cell metabolic pathways linked to their proliferation and invasiveness. In particular, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derivatives such as epoxides and their bioisosteres have demonstrated the potential to suppress growth and promote apoptosis in triple-negative human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. In this study, 16-(4′-chloro-3′-trifluorophenyl)carbamoylamino]hexadecanoic acid (ClFPh-CHA), an anticancer lipid derived from ω-3,17,18-epoxyeicosanoic acid, was formulated as a stable nanoemulsion with size around 150 nm and narrow droplet size distribution (PDI < 0.200) through phase-inversion emulsification process followed by high pressure homogenization in view of an oral administration. The ClFPh-CHA-loaded nanoemulsions were able to significantly decrease the relative tumor volume in mice bearing an intramammary tumor xenograft at all doses tested (2.5, 10 and 40 mg/kg) after 32 days of daily oral administration. Furthermore, absolute tumor weight was decreased to 50% of untreated control at 10 and 40 mg/kg, while intraperitoneal administration could achieve a significant reduction only at the highest dose of 40 mg/kg. Results suggest that oral administration of ClFPh-CHA formulated as a nanoemulsion has a sufficient bioavailability to provide an anticancer effect in mice and that the activity is at least equal if not superior to that obtained by a conventional parenteral administration of equivalent doses of the same drug.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pazderka CW, Oliver B, Murray M, Rawling T. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derived Lipid Mediators and their Application in Drug Discovery. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:1670-1689. [PMID: 30259807 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180927100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play crucial and often opposing regulatory roles in health and in pathological conditions. n-3 and n-6 PUFA undergo biotransformation to parallel series of lipid mediators that are potent modulators of many cellular processes. A wide range of biological actions have been attributed to lipid mediators derived from n-6 PUFA, and these mediators have served as lead compounds in the development of numerous clinically approved drugs, including latanoprost (Xalatan: Pfizer), which is listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. n-3 PUFA-derived mediators have received less attention, in part because early studies suggested that n-3 PUFA act simply as competitive substrates for biotransformation enzymes and decrease the formation of n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators. However, more recent studies suggest that n-3 PUFA-derived mediators are biologically important in their own right. It is now emerging that many n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators have potent and diverse activities that are distinct from their n-6 counterparts. These findings provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Herein, we review the biosynthesis of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators and highlight their biological actions that may be exploited for drug development. Lastly, we provide examples of medicinal chemistry research that has utilized n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as novel lead compounds in drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Pazderka
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Z, Yang Y, Liu W, Li Z. T59, a New Compound Reconstructed from Curcumin, Induces Cell Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species Activation in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061251. [PMID: 29882920 PMCID: PMC6099784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is acknowledged for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and wound-healing properties. However, the biological activity and the molecular mechanisms of T59, which is a new derivative of curcumin, are not fully understood. The present study was aimed to determine the cytoxicity role of T59 in human lung cancer and the molecular mechanisms. Cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis effects induced by T59 were determined by MTT, AO staining, Annexin V, and JC-1. Compared with curcumin, T59 exerted more effective cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis effects in A549 and H1975. With the decreasing level of the mitochondrion membrane potential, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and induced by T59. Furthermore, the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax were increased, which were reversed by NAC mainly through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our results suggested that T59 has the potential for further investigation and study to act as an anti-cancer therapeutic against human lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, No. 321 Longdong bei Road, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, No. 321 Longdong bei Road, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Weihai Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, No. 321 Longdong bei Road, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Ziqian Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koolaji N, Rawling T, Bourget K, Murray M. Carboxylate Analogues of Aryl-Urea-Substituted Fatty Acids That Target the Mitochondria in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells to Promote Cell Death. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1036-1043. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Koolaji
- Discipline of Pharmacology; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences; Faculty of Science; The University of Technology Sydney; Ultimo New South Wales Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Discipline of Pharmacology; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|