1
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Liu S, Daley EJ, My-Linh Tran L, Yu Z, Reyes M, Dean T, Khatri A, Levine PM, Balana AT, Pratt MR, Jüppner H, Gellman SH, Gardella TJ. Backbone Modification Provides a Long-Acting Inverse Agonist of Pathogenic, Constitutively Active PTH1R Variants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6522-6529. [PMID: 38417010 PMCID: PMC11162201 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) plays a key role in mediating calcium homeostasis and bone development, and aberrant PTH1R activity underlies several human diseases. Peptidic PTH1R antagonists and inverse agonists have therapeutic potential in treating these diseases, but their poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics undermine their in vivo efficacy. Herein, we report the use of a backbone-modification strategy to design a peptidic PTH1R inhibitor that displays prolonged activity as an antagonist of wild-type PTH1R and an inverse agonist of the constitutively active PTH1R-H223R mutant both in vitro and in vivo. This peptide may be of interest for the future development of therapeutic agents that ameliorate PTH1R malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eileen J Daley
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Lauren My-Linh Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Thomas Dean
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Paul M Levine
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Aaron T Balana
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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2
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Yu Z, Kreitler DF, Chiu YTT, Xu R, Bruchs AT, Bingman CA, Gellman SH. Harnessing Aromatic-Histidine Interactions through Synergistic Backbone Extension and Side Chain Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308100. [PMID: 37587780 PMCID: PMC10668598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Peptide engineering efforts have delivered drugs for diverse human diseases. Side chain alteration is among the most common approaches to designing new peptides for specific applications. The peptide backbone can be modified as well, but this strategy has received relatively little attention. Here we show that new and favorable contacts between a His side chain on a target protein and an aromatic side chain on a synthetic peptide ligand can be engineered by rational and coordinated side chain modification and backbone extension. Side chain modification alone was unsuccessful. Binding measurements, high-resolution structural studies and pharmacological outcomes all support the synergy between backbone and side chain modification in engineered ligands of the parathyroid hormone receptor-1, which is targeted by osteoporosis drugs. These results should motivate other structure-based designs featuring coordinated side chain modification and backbone extension to enhance the engagement of peptide ligands with target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Dale F Kreitler
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Yin Ting T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Ruiwen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Austin T Bruchs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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3
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Gibadullin R, Kim TW, Tran LML, Gellman SH. Hormone Analogues with Unique Signaling Profiles from Replacement of α-Residue Triads with β/γ Diads. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20539-20550. [PMID: 37697685 PMCID: PMC10588032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We have applied an underexplored backbone modification strategy to generate new analogues of peptides that activate two clinically important class B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Most peptide modification strategies involve changing side chains or, less commonly, changing the configuration at side chain-bearing carbons (i.e., l residues replaced by d residues). In contrast, backbone modifications alter the number of backbone atoms and the identities of backbone atoms relative to a poly-α-amino acid backbone. Starting from the peptide agonists PTH(1-34) (the first 34 residues of the parathyroid hormone, used clinically as the drug teriparatide) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)), we replaced native α-residue triads with a diad composed of a β-amino acid residue and a γ-amino acid residue. The β/γ diad retains the number of backbone atoms in the ααα triad. Because the β and γ residue each bear a single side chain, we implemented ααα→βγ replacements at sites that contained a Gly residue (i.e., at α-residue triads that presented only two side chains). All seven of the α/β/γ-peptides derived from PTH(1-34) or GLP-1(7-36) bind to the cognate receptor (the PTHR1 or the GLP-1R), but they vary considerably in their activity profiles. Outcomes include functional mimicry of the all-α agonist, receptor-selective agonist activity, biased agonism, or strong binding with weak activation, which could lead to antagonist development. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ααα→βγ replacements, which are easily implemented via solid-phase synthesis, can generate peptide hormone analogues that display unique and potentially useful signaling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Gibadullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lauren My-Linh Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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4
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Sang P, Cai J. Unnatural helical peptidic foldamers as protein segment mimics. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:4843-4877. [PMID: 37401344 PMCID: PMC10389297 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Unnatural helical peptidic foldamers have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique folding behaviours, diverse artificial protein binding mechanisms, and promising applications in chemical, biological, medical, and material fields. Unlike the conventional α-helix consisting of molecular entities of native α-amino acids, unnatural helical peptidic foldamers are generally comprised of well-defined backbone conformers with unique and unnatural structural parameters. Their folded structures usually arise from unnatural amino acids such as N-substituted glycine, N-substituted-β-alanine, β-amino acid, urea, thiourea, α-aminoxy acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid, aza-amino acid, aromatic amide, γ-amino acid, as well as sulfono-γ-AA amino acid. They can exhibit intriguing and predictable three-dimensional helical structures, generally featuring superior resistance to proteolytic degradation, enhanced bioavailability, and improved chemodiversity, and are promising in mimicking helical segments of various proteins. Although it is impossible to include every piece of research work, we attempt to highlight the research progress in the past 10 years in exploring unnatural peptidic foldamers as protein helical segment mimics, by giving some representative examples and discussing the current challenges and future perspectives. We expect that this review will help elucidate the principles of structural design and applications of existing unnatural helical peptidic foldamers in protein segment mimicry, thereby attracting more researchers to explore and generate novel unnatural peptidic foldamers with unique structural and functional properties, leading to more unprecedented and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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5
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Wang F, Sangfuang N, McCoubrey LE, Yadav V, Elbadawi M, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Advancing oral delivery of biologics: Machine learning predicts peptide stability in the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122643. [PMID: 36709014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The oral delivery of peptide therapeutics could facilitate precision treatment of numerous gastrointestinal (GI) and systemic diseases with simple administration for patients. However, the vast majority of licensed peptide drugs are currently administered parenterally due to prohibitive peptide instability in the GI tract. As such, the development of GI-stable peptides is receiving considerable investment. This study provides researchers with the first tool to predict the GI stability of peptide therapeutics based solely on the amino acid sequence. Both unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques were trained on literature-extracted data describing peptide stability in simulated gastric and small intestinal fluid (SGF and SIF). Based on 109 peptide incubations, classification models for SGF and SIF were developed. The best models utilized k-Nearest Neighbor (for SGF) and XGBoost (for SIF) algorithms, with accuracies of 75.1% (SGF) and 69.3% (SIF), and f1 scores of 84.5% (SGF) and 73.4% (SIF) under 5-fold cross-validation. Feature importance analysis demonstrated that peptides' lipophilicity, rigidity, and size were key determinants of stability. These models are now available to those working on the development of oral peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjin Wang
- Intract Pharma Ltd. London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | | | | | - Vipul Yadav
- Intract Pharma Ltd. London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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6
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Altered signaling at the PTH receptor via modified agonist contacts with the extracellular domain provides a path to prolonged agonism in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212736119. [PMID: 36409914 PMCID: PMC9860328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212736119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1), a Class B GPCR, is activated by long polypeptides, including drugs for osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism. The PTHR1 engages peptide agonists via a two-step mechanism. Initial contact involves the extracellular domain (ECD), which has been thought to contribute primarily to receptor-peptide binding, and then the N terminus of the peptide engages the receptor transmembrane domain (TMD), which is thought to control the message conveyed to intracellular partners. This mechanism has been suggested to apply to other Class B GPCRs as well. Here, we show that modification of a PTHR1 agonist at ECD-contact sites can alter the signaling profile, an outcome that is not accommodated by the current two-step binding model. Our data support a modified two-step binding model in which agonist orientation on the ECD surface can influence the geometry of agonist-TMD engagement. This expanded binding model offers a mechanism by which altering ECD-contact residues can affect signaling profile. Our discoveries provide a rationale for exploring agonist modifications distal from the TMD-contact region in future efforts to optimize therapeutic performance of peptide hormone analogs.
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7
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Wu Y, Williams J, Calder EDD, Walport LJ. Strategies to expand peptide functionality through hybridisation with a small molecule component. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:151-165. [PMID: 34458778 PMCID: PMC8341444 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00167h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining different compound classes gives molecular hybrids that can offer access to novel chemical space and unique properties. Peptides provide ideal starting points for such molecular hybrids, which can be easily modified with a variety of molecular entities. The addition of small molecules can improve the potency, stability and cell permeability of therapeutically relevant peptides. Furthermore, they are often applied to create peptide-based tools in chemical biology. In this review, we discuss general methods that allow the discovery of this compound class and highlight key examples of peptide-small molecule hybrids categorised by the application and function of the small molecule entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Wu
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute London UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London London UK
| | - Jack Williams
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute London UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London London UK
| | - Ewen D D Calder
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute London UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London London UK
| | - Louise J Walport
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute London UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London London UK
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8
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Systematic ‘foldamerization’ of peptide inhibiting p53-MDM2/X interactions by the incorporation of trans- or cis-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid residues. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Tököli A, Mag B, Bartus É, Wéber E, Szakonyi G, Simon MA, Czibula Á, Monostori É, Nyitray L, Martinek TA. Proteomimetic surface fragments distinguish targets by function. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10390-10398. [PMID: 34094300 PMCID: PMC8162404 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03525d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragment-centric design promises a means to develop complex xenobiotic protein surface mimetics, but it is challenging to find locally biomimetic structures. To address this issue, foldameric local surface mimetic (LSM) libraries were constructed. Protein affinity patterns, ligand promiscuity and protein druggability were evaluated using pull-down data for targets with various interaction tendencies and levels of homology. LSM probes based on H14 helices exhibited sufficient binding affinities for the detection of both orthosteric and non-orthosteric spots, and overall binding tendencies correlated with the magnitude of the target interactome. Binding was driven by two proteinogenic side chains and LSM probes could distinguish structurally similar proteins with different functions, indicating limited promiscuity. Binding patterns displayed similar side chain enrichment values to those for native protein-protein interfaces implying locally biomimetic behavior. These analyses suggest that in a fragment-centric approach foldameric LSMs can serve as useful probes and building blocks for undruggable protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Tököli
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Beáta Mag
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Éva Bartus
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Gerda Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged Somogyi u. 4. H6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Márton A Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1077 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ágnes Czibula
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre Temesvári krt. 62 H6726 Szeged Hungary
| | - Éva Monostori
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre Temesvári krt. 62 H6726 Szeged Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1077 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás A Martinek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H6720 Szeged Hungary
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10
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Chen B, Vavrek M, Gundersdorf R, Zhong W, Cancilla MT. Combining MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and droplet-base surface sampling analysis for tissue distribution, metabolite profiling, and relative quantification of cyclic peptide melanotan II. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:279-287. [PMID: 32674774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have become a fast-growing segment of the pharmaceutical industry over the past few decades. It is essential to develop cutting edge analytical techniques to support the discovery and development of peptide therapeutics, especially to examine their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties. Herein, we utilized two label-free mass spectrometry (MS) based techniques to investigate representative challenges in developing therapeutic peptides, such as tissue distribution, metabolic stability and clearance. A tool proof-of-concept cyclic peptide, melanotan II, was used in this study. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which is a well-developed label-free imaging technique, was used to map the detailed molecular distribution of melanotan II and its metabolites. Droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP-LC-HRMS) was used in combination with MALDI-MSI to rapidly profile molecular information and provide structural insights on drug and metabolites. Using both techniques in parallel allowed a more comprehensive and complementary data set than using either technique independently. We envision MALDI-MSI and droplet-based LMJ-SSP-LC-HRMS, which can be used in combination or as standalone techniques, to become valuable tools for assessing the in vivo fate of peptide therapeutics in support of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Richard Gundersdorf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Mark T Cancilla
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
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11
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Cheloha RW, Fischer FA, Woodham AW, Daley E, Suminski N, Gardella TJ, Ploegh HL. Improved GPCR ligands from nanobody tethering. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2087. [PMID: 32350260 PMCID: PMC7190724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies conjugated to bioactive compounds allow targeted delivery of therapeutics to cell types of choice based on that antibody's specificity. Here we develop a new type of conjugate that consists of a nanobody and a peptidic ligand for a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), fused via their C-termini. We address activation of parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTHR1) and improve the signaling activity and specificity of otherwise poorly active N-terminal peptide fragments of PTH by conjugating them to nanobodies (VHHs) that recognize PTHR1. These C-to-C conjugates show biological activity superior to that of the parent fragment peptide in vitro. In an exploratory experiment in mice, a VHH-PTH peptide conjugate showed biological activity, whereas the corresponding free peptide did not. The lead conjugate also possesses selectivity for PTHR1 superior to that of PTH(1-34). This design approach, dubbed "conjugation of ligands and antibodies for membrane proteins" (CLAMP), can yield ligands with high potency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Cheloha
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fabian A Fischer
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew W Woodham
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eileen Daley
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Naomi Suminski
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Cary BP, Hager MV, Gellman SH. Impact of Substitution Registry on the Receptor-Activation Profiles of Backbone-Modified Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analogues. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2834-2840. [PMID: 31172641 PMCID: PMC6861653 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Family B G protein-coupled receptors play important physiological roles and possess large extracellular domains (ECDs) that aid in binding the long polypeptide hormones that are their natural agonists. We have previously shown that agonist analogues in which subsets of native α-amino acid residues are replaced with β-amino acid residues can retain activity while avoiding proteolytic degradation. This study focuses on eight new α/β analogues of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) that each contain five α-to-β replacements in the C-terminal half of the peptide. This portion of GLP-1 is known to adopt an α-helical conformation and contact the ECD. All four registries of the αααβ backbone pattern were evaluated; previous work has shown that the αααβ pattern supports adoption of an α-helix-like conformation. Two α-to-β replacement formats were employed, one involving β3 homologues of the native residues replaced and the other involving a cyclic β residue. GLP-1R response was characterized in terms of stimulation of cAMP production and β-arrestin recruitment. Some of the backbone-modified GLP-1 analogues display biased agonism of the GLP-1R. This study helps to establish the scope of the α→β backbone modification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Cary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 United States
| | - Marlies V. Hager
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 United States
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13
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Fremaux J, Venin C, Mauran L, Zimmer R, Koensgen F, Rognan D, Bitsi S, Lucey MA, Jones B, Tomas A, Guichard G, Goudreau SR. Ureidopeptide GLP-1 analogues with prolonged activity in vivo via signal bias and altered receptor trafficking. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9872-9879. [PMID: 32015811 PMCID: PMC6977461 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high demand of the pharmaceutical industry for new modalities to address the diversification of biological targets with large surfaces of interaction led us to investigate the replacement of α-amino acid residues with ureido units at selected positions in peptides to improve potency and generate effective incretin mimics. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, N-terminally modified GLP-1 analogues with a ureido residue replacement at position 2 were synthesized and showed preservation of agonist activity while exhibiting a substantial increase in stability. This enabling platform was applied to exenatide and lixisenatide analogues to generate two new ureidopeptides with antidiabetic properties and longer duration of action. Further analyses demonstrated that the improvement was due mainly to differences in signal bias and trafficking of the GLP-1 receptor. This study demonstrates the efficacy of single α-amino acid substitution with ureido residues to design long lasting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Fremaux
- UREkA - ImmuPharma Group , 2 rue Robert Escarpit , 33607 Pessac , France .
| | - Claire Venin
- UREkA - ImmuPharma Group , 2 rue Robert Escarpit , 33607 Pessac , France .
| | - Laura Mauran
- UREkA - ImmuPharma Group , 2 rue Robert Escarpit , 33607 Pessac , France .
| | - Robert Zimmer
- UREkA - ImmuPharma Group , 2 rue Robert Escarpit , 33607 Pessac , France .
| | - Florian Koensgen
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , UMR7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67400 Illkirch , France
| | - Didier Rognan
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , UMR7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67400 Illkirch , France
| | - Stavroula Bitsi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics , Imperial College London , London W12 0NN , UK
| | - Maria A Lucey
- Section of Investigative Medicine , Imperial College London , London W12 0NN , UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine , Imperial College London , London W12 0NN , UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics , Imperial College London , London W12 0NN , UK
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. Bordeaux , CNRS , CBMN , UMR 5248 , Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie , 2 rue Robert Escarpit , 33607 Pessac , France .
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14
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Sutkeviciute I, Clark LJ, White AD, Gardella TJ, Vilardaga JP. PTH/PTHrP Receptor Signaling, Allostery, and Structures. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:860-874. [PMID: 31699241 PMCID: PMC6857722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTHR) is the canonical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) and the key regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. PTHR function is critical for human health to maintain homeostatic control of ionized serum Ca2+ levels and has several unusual signaling features, such as endosomal cAMP signaling, that are well-studied but not structurally understood. In this review, we discuss how recently solved high resolution near-atomic structures of hormone-bound PTHR in its inactive and active signaling states and discovery of extracellular Ca2+ allosterism shed light on the structural basis for PTHR signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Sutkeviciute
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lisa J Clark
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alex D White
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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15
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Liu S, Jean-Alphonse FG, White AD, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Gardella TJ, Vilardaga JP, Gellman SH. Use of Backbone Modification To Enlarge the Spatiotemporal Diversity of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor-1 Signaling via Biased Agonism. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14486-14490. [PMID: 31496241 PMCID: PMC6930011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1), which regulates calcium homeostasis and tissue development, has two native agonists, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP). PTH forms a complex with the PTHR1 that is rapidly internalized and induces prolonged cAMP production from endosomes. In contrast, PTHrP induces only transient cAMP production, which primarily arises from receptors on the cell surface. We show that backbone modification of PTH(1-34)-NH2 and abaloparatide (a PTHrP derivative) with a single homologous β-amino acid residue can generate biased agonists that induce prolonged cAMP production from receptors at the cell surface. This unique spatiotemporal profile could be useful for distinguishing effects associated with the duration of cAMP production from effects associated with the site of cAMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | | | | | - Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | | | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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16
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Receptor selectivity from minimal backbone modification of a polypeptide agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12383-12388. [PMID: 30442659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815294115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parathyroid hormone (PTH) and N-terminal fragments thereof activate two receptors, hPTHR1 and hPTHR2, which share ∼51% sequence similarity. A peptide comprising the first 34 residues of PTH is fully active at both receptors and is used to treat osteoporosis. We have used this system to explore the hypothesis that backbone modification of a promiscuous peptidic agonist can provide novel receptor-selective agonists. We tested this hypothesis by preparing a set of variants of PTH(1-34)-NH2 that contained a single β-amino-acid residue replacement at each of the first eight positions. These homologs, each containing one additional backbone methylene unit relative to PTH(1-34)-NH2 itself, displayed a wide range of potencies in cell-based assays for PTHR1 or PTHR2 activation. The β-scan series allowed us to identify two homologs, each containing two α→β replacements, that were highly selective, one for PTHR1 and the other for PTHR2. These findings suggest that backbone modification of peptides may provide a general strategy for achieving activation selectivity among polypeptide-modulated receptors, and that success requires consideration of both β2- and β3-residues, which differ in terms of side-chain location.
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