1
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Zhang W, Cao W, Liu K, Su S, Ma J, Li X. Selective synthesis of α- and β-glycosides of N-acetyl galactosamine using rare earth metal triflates. Front Chem 2022; 10:1029911. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1029911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures containing galactose and GalNAc residues are specifically recognized by asialoglycoprotein receptors, allowing them to selectively internalize by hepatocytes for drug-targeting delivery. However, methods for direct synthesis of GalNAc glycosides are still challenging due to the poor participating group of 2-acetamido. Here, we develop a facile strategy to synthesize various GalNAc glycosides by employing a series of rare earth metal triflates, and the results demonstrate that both α-glycosides and β-glycosides of GalNAc can be obtained by conducting with Hf(OTf)4 and Sc(OTf)3, respectively. These applicable results indicate that any interested GalNAc-containing substrates could be prepared by this simple strategy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang MC, Wang DC, Wang HT, Qu GR, Guo HM. Highly Chemoselective Synthesis of Purino[3,2- c]oxazoles via the Asymmetric Dearomative [3+2] Cycloaddition of Purines with Donor-Acceptor Oxiranes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7527-7532. [PMID: 36207146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Ni(II)/bisoxazoline-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition of substituted purines with donor-acceptor oxiranes was developed. This reaction, which proceeds via highly chemoselective C-C bond cleavage of the oxiranes, accesses chiral purino[3,2-c]oxazole compounds (≤99% ee after enrichment via crystallization). The electronic effects of the purine ring determine the reactivity of the substrate. The general applicability of this method was illustrated by gram-scale synthesis, the diverse transformations of the product, and the promising biological activities of selected derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Cheng Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ting Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Environment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Helical Foldamers and Stapled Peptides as New Modalities in Drug Discovery: Modulators of Protein-Protein Interactions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A “foldamer” is an artificial oligomeric molecule with a regular secondary or tertiary structure consisting of various building blocks. A “stapled peptide” is a peptide with stabilized secondary structures, in particular, helical structures by intramolecular covalent side-chain cross-linking. Helical foldamers and stapled peptides are potential drug candidates that can target protein-protein interactions because they enable multipoint molecular recognition, which is difficult to achieve with low-molecular-weight compounds. This mini-review describes a variety of peptide-based foldamers and stapled peptides with a view to their applications in drug discovery, including our recent progress.
Collapse
|
5
|
The Synthesis and Evaluation of Multivalent Glycopeptoids as Inhibitors of the Adhesion of Candida albicans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050572. [PMID: 34066787 PMCID: PMC8151480 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivalency is a strategy commonly used by medicinal carbohydrate chemists to increase the affinity of carbohydrate-based small molecules for their protein targets. Although this approach has been very successful in enhancing binding to isolated carbohydrate-binding proteins, anticipating the multivalent presentations that will improve biological activity in cellular assays remains challenging. In this work we investigate linear molecular scaffolds for the synthesis of a low valency presentation of a divalent galactoside 1, previously identified by us as an inhibitor of the adhesion of opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells (BECs). Adhesion inhibition assays revealed that multivalent glycoconjugate 3 is more effective at blocking C. albicans adherence to BECs upon initial exposure to epithelial cells. Interestingly, 3 did not seem to have any effect when it was pre-incubated with yeast cells, in contrast to the original lead compound 1, which caused a 25% reduction of adhesion. In competition assays, where yeast cells and BECs were co-incubated, multivalent glycoconjugate 3 inhibited up to 49% C. albicans adherence in a dose-dependent manner. The combined effect of compound 1 towards both yeast cells and BECs allowed it to achieve over 60% inhibition of the adhesion of C. albicans to BECs in competition assays.
Collapse
|
6
|
Expanding the Scope of the Cleavable N-(methoxy)oxazolidine Linker for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020490. [PMID: 33477693 PMCID: PMC7838870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides modified by a 2′-deoxy-2′-(N-methoxyamino) ribonucleotide react readily with aldehydes in slightly acidic conditions to yield the corresponding N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linked oligonucleotide-conjugates. The reaction is reversible and dynamic in slightly acidic conditions, while the products are virtually stable above pH 7, where the reaction is in a ‘‘switched off-state’’. Small molecular examinations have demonstrated that aldehyde constituents affect the cleavage rate of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage. This can be utilized to adjust the stability of this pH-responsive cleavable linker for drug delivery applications. In the present study, Fmoc-β-Ala-H was immobilized to a serine-modified ChemMatrix resin and used for the automated assembly of two peptidealdehydes and one aldehyde-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In addition, a triantennary N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-cluster with a β-Ala-H unit has been synthesized. These aldehydes were conjugated via N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage to therapeutically relevant oligonucleotide phosphorothioates and one DNA-aptamer in 19–47% isolated yields. The cleavage rates of the conjugates were studied in slightly acidic conditions. In addition to the diverse set of conjugates synthesized, these experiments and a comparison to published data demonstrate that the simple conversion of Gly-H to β-Ala-H residue resulted in a faster cleavage of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linker at pH 5, being comparable (T0.5 ca 7 h) to hydrazone-based structures.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Yan B, Wang Z, Zhu H, Yin X, Wang K, Wang M, Zhao W. Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Immunological Studies of MUC1-Based Antitumor Vaccines Adjuvanted with R- and S-FSL-1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1371-1376. [PMID: 32676142 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast stimulating lipopeptide 1 (FSL-1) is the ligand of TLR2 and TLR6 and can be used as the vaccine adjuvant to prepare antitumor vaccines. However, FSL-1 is a stereoisomeric mixture that contains the R stereoisomer and S stereoisomer, and it is still unclear which stereoisomer has better adjuvant activities. In this work, we designed and synthesized MUC1-based antitumor vaccines adjuvanted with the stereoisomers R-FSL-1 and S-FSL-1, which were synthesized from the stereoisomeric building blocks R-Fmoc-Pam2Cys-OH and S-Fmoc-Pam2Cys-OH, respectively. Immunological evaluation indicated that both R-FSL-1 and S-FSL-1 can be used as adjuvants for the construction of MUC1-based antitumor vaccines, with R-FSL-1 showing a better adjuvant effect than S-FSL-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Bocheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Haomiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Xiaona Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo SH, Yang K, Lin JY, Gao JJ, Wu XY, Wang ZY. Synthesis of amino acid derivatives of 5-alkoxy-3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones and their preliminary bioactivity investigation as linkers. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5138-5147. [PMID: 31073571 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of amino acid derivatives are successfully synthesized via a metal-free C-N coupling reaction of 5-alkoxy-3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones and amino acids. Their structures are well characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. As potential linkers of the 2(5H)-furanone unit with other drug moieties containing a hydroxyl or amino group, the effect of amino acids is investigated by comparison with other 2(5H)-furanone compounds by constructing C-O/C-S bonds. The preliminary results of the biological activity assay by the MTT method on a series of cancer cell lines in vitro reveal that the introduction of amino acids basically has no toxic effect. This can lead to these 2(5H)-furanone derivatives being further well-linked with other bioactive moieties with amino or hydroxy groups as expected. Thus, the biological activity assay gives a direction for the design of bioactive 2(5H)-furanones based on these amino acid linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Juan-Juan Gao
- College of Sports and Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|