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Xu H, Lu X, Li M, Huang X, Yao N, Gan H, Huang X, Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zhao X, Lai Y, Li M, Chen S, Chen Y, Huang D. Jiangu formula: A novel osteoclast-osteoblast coupling agent for effective osteoporosis treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155501. [PMID: 38471318 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovering of an osteoclast (OC) coupling active agent, capable of suppressing OC-mediated bone resorption while concurrently stimulating osteoblast (OB)-mediated bone formation, presents a promising strategy to overcome limitations associated with existing antiresorptive agents. However, there is a lack of research on active OC coupling agents. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the potential of Jiangu Formula (JGF) in inhibiting OCs while maintaining the OCOB coupling function. METHODS The anti-osteoporosis efficacy of JGF was evaluated in osteoporosis models induced by ovariectomy in C57BL/6 mouse and SD rats. The effect of JGF on OCs was evaluated by detecting its capacity to inhibit OC differentiation and bone resorption in an in vitro osteoclastogenesis model induced by RANKL. The OCOB coupling activity of JGF was evaluated by measuring the secretion levels of OC-derived coupling factors, OB differentiation activity of MC3T3-E1 interfered with conditioned medium, and the effect of JGF on OC inhibition and OB differentiation in a C3H10T1/2-RAW264.7 co-culture system. The mechanism of JGF was studied by network pharmacology and validated using western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA. Following that, the active ingredients of JGF were explored through a chemotype-assembly approach, activity evaluation, and LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS JGF inhibited bone resorption in murine osteoporosis without compromising the OCOB coupling effect on bone formation. In vitro assays showed that JGF preserved the coupling effect of OC on OB differentiation by maintaining the secretion of OC-derived coupling factors. Network analysis predicted STAT3 as a key regulation point for JGF to exert anti-osteoporosis effect. Further validation assays confirmed that JGF upregulated p-STAT3(Ser727) and its regulatory factors IL-2 in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, 23 components in JGF with anti-OC activity identified by chemotype-assembly approach and verification experiments. Notably, six compounds, including ophiopogonin D, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Ro, and ononin were identified as OC-coupling compounds. CONCLUSION This study first reported JGF as an agent that suppresses bone loss without affecting bone formation. The potential coupling mechanism of JGF involves the upregulation of STAT3 by its regulators IL-2. Additionally, the chemotype-assembly approach elucidated the activity compounds present in JGF, offering a novel strategy for developing an anti-resorption agent that preserves bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Xu
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xiuli Lu
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Mei Li
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Nan Yao
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Haining Gan
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yijing Lai
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Minyi Li
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Dane Huang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China.
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Peng X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Xu J, Gu Q. Identification and structural modification of ent-rosane diterpenoids from Euphorbia milii inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107253. [PMID: 38452588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical study on Euphorbia milii, a common ornamental plant, resulted in the identification of thirteen new ent-rosane diterpenoids (1-13), three new ent-atisane diterpenoids (14-16), and a known ent-rosane (17). Their structures were delineated using spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction experiments. Euphomilone F (1) represented a rare ent-rosane-type diterpenoid with a 5/7/6 skeleton. Euphoainoid G (8) was a rare rosane diterpenic acid. Compounds 9 and 10 carried infrequent tetrahydrofuran rings, and compounds 11-13 was 18-nor-ent-rosane diterpenoids. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Notably, compounds with aromatic ester groups (2-7) showed promising activities (IC50 < 10 μM), underscoring the significance of acylated A-ring moieties in the ent-rosane skeleton for anti-osteoclastogenesis. Thirteen synthetic derivatives were obtained through esterification of 17. Of these, compound 27 exhibited remarkable improvement, with an IC50 of 0.8 μM, more than a 12-fold increase in potency compared to the parent compound 17 (IC50 > 10 μM). This work presents a series of new ent-rosane diterpenoids with potential antiosteoporosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Peng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Zhan F, Zhu J, Xie S, Xu J, Xu S. Advances of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115338. [PMID: 37037138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have garnered considerable interest due to their high substrate selectivity and less restrictive reaction conditions. During recent decades, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have emerged as powerful tools in drug development. This review describes the current applications of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in compound library building mediated by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and in situ click chemistry or conjunction with other techniques; druggability optimization with 1,2,3-triazole groups; and intracellular self-assembly platforms with ring tension reactions, which are presented from the viewpoint of drug development. There is a reasonable prospect that bioorthogonal coupling reactions will accelerate the screening of lead compounds, the designing strategies of small molecules and expand the variety of designed compounds, which will be a new trend in drug development in the future.
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Hryhoriv H, Kovalenko SM, Georgiyants M, Sidorenko L, Georgiyants V. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Synthesis and Chemotherapeutic Potential of 3-Heteroaryl Fluoroquinolone Hybrids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030625. [PMID: 36978492 PMCID: PMC10045242 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones have been studied for more than half a century. Since the 1960s, four generations of these synthetic antibiotics have been created and successfully introduced into clinical practice. However, they are still of interest for medicinal chemistry due to the wide possibilities for chemical modification, with subsequent useful changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the initial molecules. This review summarizes the chemical and pharmacological results of fluoroquinolones hybridization by introducing different heterocyclic moieties into position 3 of the core system. It analyses the synthetic procedures and approaches to the formation of heterocycles from the fluoroquinolone carboxyl group and reveals the most convenient ways for such procedures. Further, the results of biological activity investigations for the obtained hybrid pharmacophore systems are presented. The latter revealed numerous promising molecules that can be further studied to overcome the problem of resistance to antibiotics, to find novel anticancer agents and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Hryhoriv
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy M Kovalenko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Karazin National University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Marine Georgiyants
- Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Therapy and Pediatrics Anesthesiology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Sidorenko
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Chen H, Hua P, Huang D, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Xu J, Gu Q. Discovery of Spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3'-oxindole] LXRβ Agonists for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:752-765. [PMID: 36539349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts have an additional demand for cholesterol compared to normal cells. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are famous for regulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, we propose that the LXR β agonist can regulate the cholesterol balance in osteoclasts to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel LXRβ agonist by introduction of the privileged fragments from anti-osteoporosis agents to the spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3'-oxindole] scaffold which is a novel scaffold of LXR agonists in our previous research. As a result, seven LXRβ agonists inhibited osteoclastogenesis with IC50 values ranging from 0.078 to 0.36 μM. Especially, the most potent LXRβ agonist B9 significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, B9 selectively activated LXRβ to promote intracellular cholesterol exclusion in osteoclasts and reduce extracellular cholesterol uptake and thereby inhibited osteoclast production. This study provides a new strategy to develop LXRβ agonists for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dane Huang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Singh A, Malhotra D, Singh K, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Thiazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry: Recent advancements in synthetic strategies, structure activity relationship and pharmacological outcomes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Huang D, Zhao C, Li R, Chen B, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Wei J, Zhou H, Gu Q, Xu J. Identification of a binding site on soluble RANKL that can be targeted to inhibit soluble RANK-RANKL interactions and treat osteoporosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5338. [PMID: 36097003 PMCID: PMC9468151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges for discovering protein-protein interaction inhibitors is identifying selective and druggable binding sites at the protein surface. Here, we report an approach to identify a small molecular binding site to selectively inhibit the interaction of soluble RANKL and RANK for designing anti-osteoporosis drugs without undesirable immunosuppressive effects. Through molecular dynamic simulations, we discovered a binding site that allows a small molecule to selectively interrupt soluble RANKL-RANK interaction and without interfering with the membrane RANKL-RANK interaction. We describe a highly potent inhibitor, S3-15, and demonstrate its specificity to inhibit the soluble RANKL-RANK interaction with in vitro and in vivo studies. S3-15 exhibits anti-osteoporotic effects without causing immunosuppression. Through in silico and in vitro experiments we further confirm the binding model of S3-15 and soluble RANKL. This work might inspire structure-based drug discovery for targeting protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Chao Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ruyue Li
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Bingyi Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhejun Sun
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Junkang Wei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Liu Z, Du J, Lin Z, Li Z, Liu B, Cui Z, Fang J, Xie L. DenovoProfiling: A webserver for de novo generated molecule library profiling. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4082-4097. [PMID: 36016718 PMCID: PMC9379519 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various deep learning-based architectures for molecular generation have been proposed for de novo drug design. The flourish of the de novo molecular generation methods and applications has created a great demand for the visualization and functional profiling for the de novo generated molecules. An increasing number of publicly available chemogenomic databases sets good foundations and creates good opportunities for comprehensive profiling of the de novo library. In this paper, we present DenovoProfiling, a webserver dedicated to de novo library visualization and functional profiling. Currently, DenovoProfiling contains six modules: (1) identification & visualization module for chemical structure visualization and identify the reported structures, (2) chemical space module for chemical space exploration using similarity maps, principal components analysis (PCA), drug-like properties distribution, and scaffold-based clustering, (3) ADMET prediction module for predicting the ADMET properties of the de novo molecules, (4) molecular alignment module for three dimensional molecular shape analysis, (5) drugs mapping module for identifying structural similar drugs, and (6) target & pathway module for identifying the reported targets and corresponding functional pathways. DenovoProfiling could provide structural identification, chemical space exploration, drug mapping, and target & pathway information. The comprehensive annotated information could give users a clear picture of their de novo library and could guide the further selection of candidates for chemical synthesis and biological confirmation. DenovoProfiling is freely available at http://denovoprofiling.xielab.net.
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Key Words
- DDR1, Discovered potent discoidin domain receptor 1
- De novo drug design
- De novo molecule library
- Deep learning
- FBDD, Fragment-based drug design
- FDR, False discovery rate
- GAN, Generative adversarial networks
- HTS, High throughput screening
- LSTM, Long short-term memory
- Library profiling
- PCA, Principal components analysis
- RNN, Recurrent neural networks
- SCA, Scaffold-based classification approach
- VAE, Variational autoencoders
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jiewen Du
- Beijing Jingpai Technology Co., Ltd., 1500-1, Hailong Building Z-Park, Beijing 100090, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China (L. Xie). Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (J. Fang).
| | - Liwei Xie
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China (L. Xie). Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (J. Fang).
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Zhuo Y, Li M, Jiang Q, Ke H, Liang Q, Zeng LF, Fang J. Evolving Roles of Natural Terpenoids From Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901545. [PMID: 35651977 PMCID: PMC9150774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease which can lead to reduction in bone mass and increased risk of bone fracture due to the microstructural degradation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for a long time. Terpenoids, a class of natural products that are rich in TCM, have been widely studied for their therapeutic efficacy on bone resorption, osteogenesis, and concomitant inflammation. Terpenoids can be classified in four categories by structures, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids. In this review, we comprehensively summarize all the currently known TCM-derived terpenoids in the treatment of OP. In addition, we discuss the possible mechanistic-of-actions of all four category terpenoids in anti-OP and assess their therapeutic potential for OP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhuo, ; Ling-Feng Zeng, ; Jiansong Fang,
| | - Meng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Women and Children’s Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyao Jiang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qingchun Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Feng Zeng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhuo, ; Ling-Feng Zeng, ; Jiansong Fang,
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhuo, ; Ling-Feng Zeng, ; Jiansong Fang,
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Xu M, Zhao C, Zhu B, Wang L, Zhou H, Yan D, Gu Q, Xu J. Discovering High Potent Hsp90 Inhibitors as Antinasopharyngeal Carcinoma Agents through Fragment Assembling Approach. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2010-2023. [PMID: 33543615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a new promising target for cancer treatment. Many inhibitors have been discovered as therapeutic agents, and some have passed Phase I and II. However, no one is approved by FDA yet. Novel and druggable Hsp90 inhibitors are still demanding. Here, we report a new way to discover high potent Hsp90 inhibitors as antinasopharyngeal carcinoma agents through assembling fragments. With chemotyping analysis, we extract seven chemotypes from 3482 known Hsp90 inhibitors, screen 500 fragments that are compatible with the chemotypes, and confirm 15 anti-Hsp90 fragments. Click chemistry is employed to construct 172 molecules and synthesize 21 compounds among them. The best inhibitor 3d was further optimized and resulted in more potent 4f (IC50 = 0.16 μM). In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that 4f is a promising agent against nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study may provide a strategy in discovering new ligands against targets without well-understood structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Shenzhen Cell Inspire Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Biying Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liangyue Wang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Chen H, Hao M, Tan Q, Hu C, Zhou H, Xu J, Gu Q. Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113185. [PMID: 33485256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we found that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (2), a derivative of andrographolide (AP, 1), had greatly reduced cytotoxicity compared with AP and exhibited moderate anti-osteoclastogenesis activity. Thirty compounds were synthesized by introducing anti-osteoporosis chemotypes at C-19 of 2. Six of them exhibited stronger inhibition of osteoclastogenesis than AP. Of note, compound 12g displayed the most potent activity with IC50 value of 0.35 μM. The expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes such as TRAcP, CTSK, NFATc1, and MMP-9 were also decreased by 12g treatment. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that compound 12g inhibited osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway. In an ovariectomized (OVX) female mice model, compound 12g significantly ameliorated bone loss. Therefore, compound 12g exhibited promising in vivo efficacy and low toxicity, indicating its therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxuan Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuying Fang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Tan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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12
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Li H, Xiao Z, Quarles LD, Li W. Osteoporosis: Mechanism, Molecular Target and Current Status on Drug Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1489-1507. [PMID: 32223730 PMCID: PMC7665836 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200330142432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CDATA[Osteoporosis is a pathological loss of bone mass due to an imbalance in bone remodeling where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption exceeds osteoblast-mediated bone formation resulting in skeletal fragility and fractures. Anti-resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates and SERMs, and anabolic drugs that stimulate bone formation, including PTH analogues and sclerostin inhibitors, are current treatments for osteoporosis. Despite their efficacy, severe side effects and loss of potency may limit the long term usage of a single drug. Sequential and combinational use of current drugs, such as switching from an anabolic to an anti-resorptive agent, may provide an alternative approach. Moreover, there are novel drugs being developed against emerging new targets such as Cathepsin K and 17β-HSD2 that may have less side effects. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis, current drugs for osteoporosis treatment, and new drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - L. Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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13
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Liu Z, Huang D, Zheng S, Song Y, Liu B, Sun J, Niu Z, Gu Q, Xu J, Xie L. Deep learning enables discovery of highly potent anti-osteoporosis natural products. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112982. [PMID: 33158578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A pre-trained self-attentive message passing neural network (P-SAMPNN) model was developed based on our anti-osteoclastogenesis dataset for virtual screening purpose. Validation processes proved that P-SAMPNN model was significantly superior to the other base line models. A commercially available natural product library was virtually screened by the P-SAMPNN model and resulted in confirmed 5 hits from 10 selected virtual hits. Among the confirmed hits, compounds AP-123/40765213 and AE-562/43462182 are the nanomolar inhibitors against osteoclastogenesis with a new scaffold. Further studies indicate that AP-123/40765213 and AE-562/43462182 significantly suppress the mRNA expression of RANK and downregulate the expressions of osteoclasts-related genes Ctsk, Nfatc1, and Tracp. Our work demonstrated that P-SAMPNN method can guide phenotype-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Dane Huang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Shuangjia Zheng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhangming Niu
- Aladdin Healthcare Technologies Ltd., 24-26, Baltic Street West, London EC1Y OUR, UK
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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14
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Guo J, Chen B, Yu Y, Cheng B, Ju Y, Tang J, Cai Z, Gu Q, Xu J, Zhou H. Structure-guided optimization and mechanistic study of a class of quinazolinone-threonine hybrids as antibacterial ThrRS inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112848. [PMID: 32980741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are an attractive class of antibacterial drug targets due to their essential roles in protein translation. While most traditional aaRS inhibitors target the binding pockets of substrate amino acids and/or ATP, we recently developed a class of novel tRNA-amino acid dual-site inhibitors including inhibitor 3 ((2S,3R)-2-amino-N-((E)-4-(6,7-dichloro-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)but-2-en-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutanamide) against threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS). Here, the binding modes and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these inhibitors were analyzed by the crystal structures of Salmonella enterica ThrRS (SeThrRS) in complex with three of them. Based on the cocrystal structures, twelve quinazolinone-threonine hybrids were designed and synthesized, and their affinities, enzymatic inhibitory activities, and cellular potencies were evaluated. The best derivative 8g achieved a Kd value of 0.40 μM, an IC50 value of 0.50 μM against SeThrRS and MIC values of 16-32 μg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. The cocrystal structure of the SeThrRS-8g complex revealed that 8g induced a bended conformation for Met332 by forming hydrophobic interactions, which better mimicked the binding of tRNAThr to ThrRS. Moreover, the inhibitory potency of 8g was less impaired than a reported ATP competitive inhibitor at high concentrations of ATP, supporting our hypothesis that tRNA site inhibitors are likely superior to ATP site inhibitors in vivo, where ATP typically reaches millimolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Guo
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingyi Chen
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bao Cheng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingchen Ju
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jieyu Tang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengjun Cai
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Wang K, Zhu H, Zhao H, Zhang K, Tian Y. Application of carbamyl in structural optimization. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103757. [PMID: 32217370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbamyl is considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. It has a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-epilepsy, for which the best evidence is a number of marketed carbamyl-containing drugs. Carbamyl is formed of primary amine and carbonyl moieties that act as hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen acceptors with residues of targets respectively, which are benefit for improving pharmacological activities. In other cases, the introduced carbamyl improves drug-like properties including oral bioavailability. In this review, we introduce the carbamyl-containing drugs and the application of carbamyl in structural optimization as a result of enhancing activities or/and drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanglei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hongqian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yongshou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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16
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Su S, Yang Y, Gan H, Zheng S, Gu F, Zhao C, Xu J. Predicting the Feasibility of Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition Reactions Using a Recurrent Neural Network with a Self-Attention Mechanism. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1165-1174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Su
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hanlin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, South Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuangjia Zheng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fenglong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, South Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
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