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Duvauchelle V, Meffre P, Benfodda Z. Recent contribution of medicinally active 2-aminothiophenes: A privileged scaffold for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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2
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Kasatkina SO, Geyl KK, Baykov SV, Novikov MS, Boyarskiy VP. “Urea to Urea” Approach: Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas Bearing Pyridyl Substituents. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana O. Kasatkina
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Kirill K. Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
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3
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Nguyen T, Decker AM, Snyder RW, Tonetti EC, Gamage TF, Zhang Y. Neuropeptide B/W receptor 1 peptidomimetic agonists: Structure-activity relationships and plasma stability. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114149. [PMID: 35101647 PMCID: PMC8891040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides B and W (NPB and NPW) are endogenous ligands of the Neuropeptide B/W Receptor 1 (NPBWR1) which has been implicated in a wide range of functions including regulation of pain and energy homeostasis. There is currently little information on the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these two neuropeptides. In a quest to develop stable and potent NPBWR1 peptidomimetic agonists, we performed systematic SAR by truncation, Alanine/Glycine and d-amino acid scans, and replacement with unnatural amino acids. Evaluation in the NPBWR1 calcium assay revealed that the C-terminal GRAAGLL and N-terminal WYK regions constitute the two-epitope pharmacophore for NPBWR1 agonism. Replacement of the N-terminal Trp with its desaminoTrp residue resulted in compound 30 which exhibited nanomolar potency comparable to the endogenous NPB at NPBWR1 (Calcium assay: EC50 = 8 nM vs. 13 nM, cAMP assay: 2.7 nM vs 3.5 nM) and enhanced metabolic stability against rat plasma (39.1 min vs. 11.9 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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4
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Duvauchelle V, Bénimélis D, Meffre P, Benfodda Z. Catalyst-Free Site Selective Hydroxyalkylation of 5-Phenylthiophen-2-amine with α-Trifluoromethyl Ketones through Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030925. [PMID: 35164190 PMCID: PMC8839828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An original and effective approach for achieving trifluoromethyl hydroxyalkylation of 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine using α-trifluoromethyl ketones is described. In the last few years, reaction of Friedel-Crafts had been widely used to realize hydroxyalkylation on heterocycles such as indoles or thiophenes by means of Lewis acid as catalyst. Additionally, amine functions are rarely free when carbonyl reagents are used because of their tendency to form imines. This is the first time that a site-selective electrophilic aromatic substitution on C3 atom of an unprotected 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine moiety is reported. The liberty to allow reaction in neutral conditions between free amine is valuable in a synthesis pathway. The reaction proceeds smoothly using an atom-economical metal-and catalyst-free methodology in good to excellent yields. A mechanism similar to an electrophilic aromatic substitution has been proposed.
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Chen L, Yan G, Ohwada T. Building on endogenous lipid mediators to design synthetic receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Nguyen T, Gamage TF, Finlay DB, Decker AM, Langston TL, Barrus D, Glass M, Li JX, Kenakin TP, Zhang Y. Development of 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(phenethyl)urea Analogues as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor: RTICBM-189 is Brain Penetrant and Attenuates Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior. J Med Chem 2021; 65:257-270. [PMID: 34929081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that CB1 receptor negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) attenuated the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviors in rats. In an effort to further define the structure-activity relationships and assess the druglike properties of the 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(phenethyl)urea-based CB1 NAMs that we recently reported, we introduced substituents of different electronic properties and sizes to the phenethyl group and evaluated their potency in CB1 calcium mobilization, cAMP, and GTPγS assays. We found that 3-position substitutions such as Cl, F, and Me afforded enhanced CB1 potency, whereas 4-position analogues were generally less potent. The 3-chloro analogue (31, RTICBM-189) showed no activity at >50 protein targets and excellent brain permeation but relatively low metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats confirmed the excellent brain exposure of 31 with a brain/plasma ratio Kp of 2.0. Importantly, intraperitoneal administration of 31 significantly and selectively attenuated the reinstatement of the cocaine-seeking behavior in rats without affecting locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Thomas F Gamage
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ann M Decker
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tiffany L Langston
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Daniel Barrus
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Terry P Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Duan W, Sun Y, Wu M, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Wang H, Li F, Yang L, Xu Y, Liu ZJ, Hua T, Nie H, Cheng J. Carbon-silicon switch led to the discovery of novel synthetic cannabinoids with therapeutic effects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113878. [PMID: 34634742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are widely studied as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. Among them, THC and CBD are two important phytocannabinoids which have served as structural templates for the design of synthetic analogs. In this study, we designed and synthesized a variety of novel cannabinoids based on the structural backbones of THC and CBD using the carbon-silicon switch strategy. A dimethyl silyl group was introduced as the tail group and two series of novel compounds were designed and synthesized, which showed a wide range of binding affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors. Among them, compound 15b was identified as a non-selective CB1 and CB2 agonist and 38b as a selective agonist for the CB2 receptor. Preliminary screening showed that both compounds have improved metabolic stability than their carbon analogs and good in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles. Furthermore, both 15b and 38b significantly alleviated the phenotype of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meng Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huan Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lingyun Yang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yueming Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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8
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Manning JJ, Green HM, Glass M, Finlay DB. Pharmacological selection of cannabinoid receptor effectors: Signalling, allosteric modulation and bias. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108611. [PMID: 34000272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is a promising drug target for a wide range of diseases. However, many existing and novel candidate ligands for CB1 have shown only limited therapeutic potential. Indeed, no ligands are currently approved for the clinic except formulations of the phytocannabinoids Δ9-THC and CBD and a small number of analogues. A key limitation of many promising CB1 ligands are their on-target adverse effects, notably including psychoactivity (agonists) and depression/suicidal ideation (inverse agonists). Recent drug development attempts have therefore focussed on altering CB1 signalling profiles in two ways. Firstly, with compounds that enhance or reduce the signalling of endogenous (endo-) cannabinoids, namely allosteric modulators. Secondly, with compounds that probe the capability of selectively targeting specific cellular signalling pathways that may mediate therapeutic effects using biased ligands. This review will summarise the current paradigm of CB1 signalling in terms of the intracellular transduction pathways acted on by the receptor. The development of compounds that selectively activate CB1 signalling pathways, whether allosterically or via orthosteric agonist bias, will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Manning
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hayley M Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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9
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Nguyen T, Gamage TF, Decker AM, Finlay DB, Langston TL, Barrus D, Glass M, Harris DL, Zhang Y. Rational design of cannabinoid type-1 receptor allosteric modulators: Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116215. [PMID: 34015703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation offers an alternate approach to target the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) for therapeutic benefits. Examination of the two widely studied prototypic CB1 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 revealed structural resemblance and similar structure-activity relationships (SARs). In silico docking and dynamics simulation studies using the crystal structure of CB1 co-bound with CP55,940 and Org27569 suggested that Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 occupied the same binding pocket and several common interactions were present in both series with the CB1 receptor. A new scaffold was therefore designed by merging the key structural features from the two series and the hybrids retained these binding features in the in silico docking studies. In addition, one such hybrid displayed similar functions to Org27569 in dynamic simulations by preserving a key R2143.50-D3386.30 salt bridge and maintaining an antagonist-like Helix3-Helix6 interhelical distance. Based on these results, a series of hybrids were synthesized and assessed in calcium mobilization, [35S]GTPγS binding and cAMP assays. Several compounds displayed comparable potencies to Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 in these assays. This work offers new insight of the SAR requirement at the allosteric site of the CB1 receptor and provides a new scaffold that can be optimized for the development of future CB1 allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thomas F Gamage
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Daniel Barrus
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Danni L Harris
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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10
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Phosphine-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates to isothiocyanates in the synthesis of adamantane-containing trisubstituted aminothiophenes. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Mielnik CA, Lam VM, Ross RA. CB 1 allosteric modulators and their therapeutic potential in CNS disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110163. [PMID: 33152384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CB1 is the most abundant GPCR found in the mammalian brain. It has garnered considerable attention as a potential therapeutic drug target. CB1 is involved in a wide range of physiological and psychiatric processes and has the potential to be targeted in a wide range of disease states. However, most of the selective and non-selective synthetic CB1 agonists and antagonists/inverse agonists developed to date are primarily used as research tools. No novel synthetic cannabinoids are currently in the clinic for use in psychiatric illness; synthetic analogues of the phytocannabinoid THC are on the market to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, along with off-label use for pain. Novel strategies are being explored to target CB1, but with emphasis on the elimination or mitigation of the potential psychiatric adverse effects that are observed by central agonism/antagonism of CB1. New pharmacological options are being pursued that may avoid these adverse effects while preserving the potential therapeutic benefits of CB1 modulation. Allosteric modulation of CB1 is one such approach. In this review, we will summarize and critically analyze both the in vitro characterization and in vivo validation of CB1 allosteric modulators developed to date, with a focus on CNS therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Vincent M Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ruth A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Saldaña-Shumaker SL, Grenning AJ, Cunningham CW. Modern approaches to the development of synthetic cannabinoid receptor probes. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 203:173119. [PMID: 33508249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, which spans the central and peripheral nervous systems and regulates many biologic processes, is an important target for probe discovery and medications development. Whereas the earliest endocannabinoid receptor probes were derivatives of the non-selective phytocannabinoids isolated from Cannabis species, modern drug discovery techniques have expanded the definitions of what constitutes a CB1R or CB2R cannabinoid receptor ligand. This review highlights recent advances in synthetic cannabinoid receptor chemistry and pharmacology. We provide examples of new CB1R- and CB2R-selective probes, and discuss rational approaches to the design of peripherally-restricted agents. We also describe structural classes of positive- and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs) of CB1R and CB2R. Finally, we introduce new opportunities for cannabinoid receptor probe development that have emerged in recent years, including biased agonists that may lead to medications lacking adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanah L Saldaña-Shumaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N. Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N. Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
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