1
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Adachi K, Manabe T, Yamasaki T, Suma A, Orita T, Furuzono T, Adachi T, Ohata Y, Akiyama Y, Miyazaki S. Design and synthesis of novel and potent allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors with a spirocyclic moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 110:129864. [PMID: 38942126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the design and discovery of novel allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Our design concept utilized the spirocyclic moiety to restrain the flexibility of the conformation of the lipophilic part of the inhibitor. Compound 5 showed antiviral activity by binding to the nuclear lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) binding site of HIV-1 integrase (IN). The introduction of a lipophilic amide substituent into the central benzene ring resulted in a significant increase in antiviral activity against HIV-1 WT X-ray crystallography of compound 15 in complex with the integrase revealed the presence of a hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom of the amide of compound 15 and the hydroxyl group of the T125 side chain. Chiral compound 17 showed high antiviral activity, good bioavailability, and low clearance in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Adachi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Manabe
- Innovation to Implementation Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamasaki
- Department of Research Planning, Preclinical, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akira Suma
- Innovation to Implementation Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takuya Orita
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomoko Furuzono
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Ohata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyazaki
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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2
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Meaker GA, Wilkinson AC. Ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell expansion technologies: recent progress, applications, and open questions. Exp Hematol 2024; 130:104136. [PMID: 38072133 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare but potent cell type that support life-long hematopoiesis and stably regenerate the entire blood and immune system following transplantation. HSC transplantation represents a mainstay treatment for various diseases of the blood and immune systems. The ex vivo expansion and manipulation of HSCs therefore represents an important approach to ask biological questions in experimental hematology and to help improve clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, it has remained challenging to expand transplantable HSCs ex vivo. This review summarizes recent progress in ex vivo HSC expansion technologies and their applications to biological and clinical problems and discusses current questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Meaker
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Eilers G, Gupta K, Allen A, Montermoso S, Murali H, Sharp R, Hwang Y, Bushman FD, Van Duyne G. Structure of a HIV-1 IN-Allosteric inhibitor complex at 2.93 Å resolution: Routes to inhibitor optimization. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011097. [PMID: 36867659 PMCID: PMC10016701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV integrase (IN) inserts viral DNA into the host genome and is the target of the strand transfer inhibitors (STIs), a class of small molecules currently in clinical use. Another potent class of antivirals is the allosteric inhibitors of integrase, or ALLINIs. ALLINIs promote IN aggregation by stabilizing an interaction between the catalytic core domain (CCD) and carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) that undermines viral particle formation in late replication. Ongoing challenges with inhibitor potency, toxicity, and viral resistance motivate research to understand their mechanism. Here, we report a 2.93 Å X-ray crystal structure of the minimal ternary complex between CCD, CTD, and the ALLINI BI-224436. This structure reveals an asymmetric ternary complex with a prominent network of π-mediated interactions that suggest specific avenues for future ALLINI development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Eilers
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kushol Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Audrey Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Saira Montermoso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hemma Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Sharp
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Young Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory Van Duyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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4
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Bobko MA, Elward JM, Naidu BN, Nieves-Quinones YE, Reiher CA, Su Q, Sun L, Woodard J, Xie S, Yang W, Yin Y. Expeditious Synthesis of a Potent Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor GSK3839919A. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bobko
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Elward
- Molecular Design, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Yexenia E. Nieves-Quinones
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Christopher A. Reiher
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Qiaogong Su
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Liang Sun
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| | - John Woodard
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Wuxing Yang
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxing Yin
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Sharma S, Utreja D. Synthesis and antiviral activity of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:870-920. [PMID: 34551197 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic moieties form a major part of organic chemistry as they are widely distributed in nature and have wide scale practical applications ranging from extensive clinical use to diverse fields such as medicine, agriculture, photochemistry, biocidal formulations, and polymer science. By virtue of their therapeutic properties, they could be employed in combating many infectious diseases. Among the common infectious diseases, viral infections are of great public health importance worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of antiviral drugs and clinical methods to prevent various viral infections so as to increase the life expectancy. This review presents the comprehensive overview of the synthesis and antiviral activity of different heterocyclic compounds 2015 onwards, which aids in present knowledge and helps the researchers and other stakeholders to explore their field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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6
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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7
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Parcella K, Patel M, Tu Y, Eastman K, Peese K, Gillis E, Belema M, Dicker IB, McAuliffe B, Ding B, Falk P, Simmermacher J, Parker DD, Sivaprakasam P, Khan JA, Kish K, Lewis H, Hanumegowda U, Jenkins S, Kadow JF, Krystal M, Meanwell NA, Naidu BN. Scaffold modifications to the 4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl) 2,6-dimethylpyridinyl class of HIV-1 allosteric integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116833. [PMID: 35605346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) of HIV-1 may hold promise as a novel mechanism for HIV therapeutics and cure. Scaffold modifications to the 4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl) 2,6-dimethylpyridinyl class of ALLINIs provided a series of potent compounds with differentiated 5/6 fused ring systems. Notably, inhibitors containing the 1,2,4-triazolopyridine and imidazopyridine core exhibited single digit nM antiviral potency and low to moderate clearance after intravenous (IV) dosing in rat pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. The 1,2,4-triazolopyridines showed a higher oral exposure when compared to the imidazopyridines. Further modifications to the C5 substituent of the 1,2,4-triazolopyridines resulted in a new lead compound, which had improved rat IV/PO PK compared to the former lead compound GSK3739936, while maintaining antiviral potency. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and rat pharmacokinetic profiles of this series are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Parcella
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Manoj Patel
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Yong Tu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | - Kyle Eastman
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | - Kevin Peese
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Eric Gillis
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Makonen Belema
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | - Ira B Dicker
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Brian McAuliffe
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Bo Ding
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Paul Falk
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | | | - Dawn D Parker
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | - Javed A Khan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | - Kevin Kish
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | - Hal Lewis
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
| | | | - Susan Jenkins
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - John F Kadow
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Mark Krystal
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA(1)
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8
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Parcella K, Wang T, Eastman K, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Patel M, Tu Y, Zheng BZ, Walker MA, Saulnier MG, Frennesson D, Bowsher M, Gillis E, Peese K, Belema M, Cianci C, Dicker IB, McAuliffe B, Ding B, Falk P, Simmermacher J, Parker DD, Sivaprakasam P, Kish K, Lewis H, Hanumegowda U, Jenkins S, Kadow JF, Krystal M, Meanwell NA, Naidu BN. Discovery and Preclinical Profiling of GSK3839919, a Potent HIV-1 Allosteric Integrase Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:972-980. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Parcella
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kyle Eastman
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zhiwei Yin
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Manoj Patel
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Yong Tu
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Barbara Zhizhen Zheng
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Michael A. Walker
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mark G. Saulnier
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - David Frennesson
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Michael Bowsher
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Eric Gillis
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Kevin Peese
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Makonen Belema
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Christopher Cianci
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ira B. Dicker
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Brian McAuliffe
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Bo Ding
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Paul Falk
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Jean Simmermacher
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Dawn D. Parker
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kevin Kish
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hal Lewis
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Umesh Hanumegowda
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Susan Jenkins
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - John F. Kadow
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Mark Krystal
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - B. Narasimhulu Naidu
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
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9
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Naidu BN, Patel M, McAuliffe B, Ding B, Cianci C, Simmermacher J, Jenkins S, Parker DD, Sivaprakasam P, Khan JA, Kish K, Lewis H, Hanumegowda U, Krystal M, Meanwell NA, Kadow JF. Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Profiling of GSK3739936 (BMS-986180), an Allosteric Inhibitor of HIV-1 Integrase with Broad-Spectrum Activity toward 124/125 Polymorphs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4949-4971. [PMID: 35235334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) have garnered special interest because of their novel mechanism of action: they inhibit HIV-1 replication by promoting aberrant integrase multimerization, leading to the production of replication-deficient viral particles. The binding site of ALLINIs is in a well-defined pocket formed at the interface of two integrase monomers that is characterized by conserved residues along with two polymorphic amino acids at residues 124 and 125. The design, synthesis, and optimization of pyridine-based allosteric integrase inhibitors are reported here. Optimization was conducted with a specific emphasis on the inhibition of the 124/125 polymorphs such that the designed compounds showed excellent potency in vitro against majority of the 124/125 variants. In vivo profiling of promising preclinical lead 29 showed that it exhibited a good pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in preclinical species, which resulted in a low predicted human efficacious dose. However, findings in rat toxicology studies precluded further development of 29.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narasimhulu Naidu
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Manoj Patel
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Brian McAuliffe
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Bo Ding
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Christopher Cianci
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jean Simmermacher
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Susan Jenkins
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Dawn D Parker
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Javed A Khan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kevin Kish
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Hal Lewis
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Umesh Hanumegowda
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Mark Krystal
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - John F Kadow
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
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10
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Adu-Ampratwum D, Pan Y, Koneru PC, Antwi J, Hoyte AC, Kessl J, Griffin PR, Kvaratskhelia M, Fuchs JR, Larue RC. Identification and Optimization of a Novel HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4482-4491. [PMID: 35155940 PMCID: PMC8829933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1, like all retroviruses, stably integrates its vDNA copy into host chromatin, a process allowing for permanent infection. This essential step for HIV-1 replication is catalyzed by viral integrase (IN) and aided by cellular protein LEDGF/p75. In addition, IN is also crucial for proper virion maturation as it interacts with the viral RNA genome to ensure encapsulation of ribonucleoprotein complexes within the protective capsid core. These key functions make IN an attractive target for the development of inhibitors with various mechanisms of action. We conducted a high-throughput screen (HTS) of ∼370,000 compounds using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence-based assay capable of capturing diverse inhibitors targeting multifunctional IN. Our approach revealed chemical scaffolds containing diketo acid moieties similar to IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) as well as novel compounds distinct from all current IN inhibitors including INSTIs and allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs). Specifically, our HTS resulted in the discovery of compound 12, with a novel IN inhibitor scaffold amenable for chemical modification. Its more potent derivative 14e similarly inhibited catalytic activities of WT and mutant INs containing archetypical INSTI- and ALLINI-derived resistant substitutions. Further SAR-based optimization resulted in compound 22 with an antiviral EC50 of ∼58 μM and a selectivity index of >8500. Thus, our studies identified a novel small-molecule scaffold for inhibiting HIV-1 IN, which provides a promising platform for future development of potent antiviral agents to complement current HIV-1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Adu-Ampratwum
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuhan Pan
- Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Pratibha C. Koneru
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Janet Antwi
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashley C. Hoyte
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jacques Kessl
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research
Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ross C. Larue
- Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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11
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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12
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Wang Y, Xiang S, Tan B. Application in Drugs and Materials. AXIALLY CHIRAL COMPOUNDS 2021:297-315. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527825172.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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13
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Debyser Z, Bruggemans A, Van Belle S, Janssens J, Christ F. LEDGINs, Inhibitors of the Interaction Between HIV-1 Integrase and LEDGF/p75, Are Potent Antivirals with a Potential to Cure HIV Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:97-114. [PMID: 34258738 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A permanent cure remains the greatest challenge in the field of HIV research. In order to reach this goal, a profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling HIV integration and transcription is needed. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in the field. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), a transcriptional coactivator, tethers and targets the HIV integrase into transcriptionally active regions of the chromatin through an interaction with the epigenetic mark H3K36me2/3. This finding prompted us to propose a "block-and-lock" strategy to retarget HIV integration into deep latency. A decade ago, we pioneered protein-protein interaction inhibitors for HIV and discovered LEDGINs. LEDGINs are small molecule inhibitors of the interaction between the integrase binding domain (IBD) of LEDGF/p75 and HIV integrase. They modify integration site selection and therefore might be molecules with a "block-and-lock" mechanism of action. Here we will describe how LEDGINs may become part in the future functional cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anne Bruggemans
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siska Van Belle
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Janssens
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Arias-Gómez A, Godoy A, Portilla J. Functional Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines: Current Approaches in Synthetic Transformations and Uses As an Antitumor Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:2708. [PMID: 34063043 PMCID: PMC8125733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) derivatives are an enormous family of N-heterocyclic compounds that possess a high impact in medicinal chemistry and have attracted a great deal of attention in material science recently due to their significant photophysical properties. Consequently, various researchers have developed different synthesis pathways for the preparation and post-functionalization of this functional scaffold. These transformations improve the structural diversity and allow a synergic effect between new synthetic routes and the possible applications of these compounds. This contribution focuses on an overview of the current advances (2015-2021) in the synthesis and functionalization of diverse pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Moreover, the discussion highlights their anticancer potential and enzymatic inhibitory activity, which hopefully could lead to new rational and efficient designs of drugs bearing the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.A.-G.); (A.G.)
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15
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Classification and Design of HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Based on Machine Learning. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5559338. [PMID: 33868450 PMCID: PMC8035010 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5559338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A key enzyme in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) life cycle, integrase (IN) aids the integration of viral DNA into the host DNA, which has become an ideal target for the development of anti-HIV drugs. A total of 1785 potential HIV-1 IN inhibitors were collected from the databases of ChEMBL, Binding Database, DrugBank, and PubMed, as well as from 40 references. The database was divided into the training set and test set by random sampling. By exploring the correlation between molecular descriptors and inhibitory activity, it is found that the classification and specific activity data of inhibitors can be more accurately predicted by the combination of molecular descriptors and molecular fingerprints. The calculation of molecular fingerprint descriptor provides the additional substructure information to improve the prediction ability. Based on the training set, two machine learning methods, the recursive partition (RP) and naive Bayes (NB) models, were used to build the classifiers of HIV-1 IN inhibitors. Through the test set verification, the RP technique accurately predicted 82.5% inhibitors and 86.3% noninhibitors. The NB model predicted 88.3% inhibitors and 87.2% noninhibitors with correlation coefficient of 85.2%. The results show that the prediction performance of NB model is slightly better than that of RP, and the key molecular segments are also obtained. Additionally, CoMFA and CoMSIA models with good activity prediction ability both were constructed by exploring the structure-activity relationship, which is helpful for the design and optimization of HIV-1 IN inhibitors.
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16
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Gao Q, Sun Z, Xia Q, Li R, Wang W, Ma S, Chai Y, Wu M, Hu W, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Keserű GM, Han X. Vinylation of α-Aminoazoles with Triethylamine: A General Strategy to Construct Azolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines with a Nonsubstituted Ethylidene Fragment. Org Lett 2021; 23:2664-2669. [PMID: 33733786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new general synthesis of pharmaceutically important azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines starting from widely available 3(5)-aminoazoles, aldehydes, and triethylamine is developed. The key is to enable the vinylation reaction that allows the in situ generation of elusive acyclic enamines and the subsequent annulation reaction to occur. This direct and practical strategy is capable of constructing a range of 5,6-unsubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. More importantly, this protocol provides a concise synthetic route to prepare the clinically used zaleplon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Qinfei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
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17
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Elkina NA, Burgart YV, Shchegolkov EV, Krasnykh OP, Maslova VV, Triandafilova GA, Solodnikov SS, Muryleva AA, Misiurina MA, Slita AV, Zarubaev VV, Saloutin VI. Competitive routes to cyclizations of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 2-tolylhydrazinylidene-1,3-diketones with 3-aminopyrazoles into bioactive pyrazoloazines. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Patel M, Cianci C, Allard CW, Parker DD, Simmermacher J, Jenkins S, Mcauliffe B, Minassian B, Discotto L, Krystal M, Meanwell NA, Naidu BN. Design, synthesis and SAR study of novel C2-pyrazolopyrimidine amides and amide isosteres as allosteric integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127516. [PMID: 32860982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships associated with a series of C2-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines as potent allosteric inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase (ALLINIs) are described. Structural modifications to these molecules were made in order to examine the effect on potency and, for select compounds, pharmacokinetic properties. We examined a variety of C2-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and found that the C2-amide derivatives demonstrated the most potent antiviral activity of this class against HIV-1 infection in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Patel
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Christopher Cianci
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Christopher W Allard
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Dawn D Parker
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Jean Simmermacher
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Brian Mcauliffe
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Beatrice Minassian
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Linda Discotto
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Mark Krystal
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - B Narasimhulu Naidu
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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19
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Structure-based amelioration of PXR transactivation in a novel series of macrocyclic allosteric inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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