1
|
Li R, Deng Y, Shang L, Liu Y, Tao Z, Chai Z, Tang YZ. Evidence for the production of asexual resting cysts in a free-living species of Symbiodiniaceae (Dinophyceae). HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 137:102658. [PMID: 39003022 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems are the most productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems, with their productivity levels highly dependent on the symbiotic dinoflagellates belonging to the family Symbiodiniaceae. As a unique life history strategy, resting cyst production is of great significance in the ecology of many dinoflagellate species, those HABs-causing species in particular, however, there has been no confirmative evidence for the resting cyst production in any species of the family Symbiodiniaceae. Based on morphological and life history observations of cultures in the laboratory and morpho-molecular detections of cysts from the marine sediments via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cyst photography, and subsequent singe-cyst PCR sequencing, here we provide evidences for the asexual production of resting cysts by Effrenium voratum, the free-living, red tide-forming, and the type species of the genus Effrenium in Symbiodiniaceae. The evidences from the marine sediments were obtained through a sequential detections: Firstly, E. voratum amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were detected in the cyst assemblages that were concentrated with the sodium polytungstate (SPT) method from the sediments collected from different regions of China Seas by high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS); Secondly, the presence of E. voratum in the sediments was detected by PCR using the species-specific primers for the DNA directly extracted from sediment; Thirdly, E. voratum cysts were confirmed by a combined approach of FISH using the species-specific probes, light microscopic (LM) photography of the FISH-positive cysts, and a subsequent single-cyst PCR sequencing for the FISH-positive and photographed cysts. The evidences from the laboratory-reared clonal cultures of E. voratum include that: 1) numerous cysts formed in the two clonal cultures and exhibited a spherical shape, a smooth surface, absence of ornaments, and a large red accumulation body; 2) cysts could maintain morphologically intact for a storage of two weeks to six months at 4 °C in darkness and of which 76-92 % successfully germinated through an internal development processes within a time period of 3-21 days after being transferred back to the normal culturing conditions; 3) two or four germlings were released from each cyst through the cryptopylic archeopyle in all cysts with continuous observations of germination processes; and 4) while neither sexual mating of gametes nor planozygote (cells with two longitudinal flagella) were observed, the haploidy of cysts was proven with flow cytometric measurements and direct LM measurements of fluorescence from cells stained with either propidium iodide (PI) or DAPI, which together suggest that the cysts were formed asexually. All evidences led to a conclusion that E. voratum is capable of producing asexual resting cysts, although its sexuality cannot be completely excluded, which guarantees a more intensive investigation. This work fills a gap in the knowledge about the life cycle, particularly the potential of resting cyst formation, of the species in Symbiodiniaceae, a group of dinoflagellates having unique life forms and vital significance in the ecology of coral reefs, and may provide novel insights into understanding the recovery mechanisms of coral reefs destructed by the global climate change and suggest various forms of resting cysts in the cyst assemblages of dinoflagellates observed in the field sediments, including HABs-causing species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Zhe Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, 266071 China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu YF, Yu SS. Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2022. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:399-414. [PMID: 38151899 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2288939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The new natural products reported in 2022 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2022 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carroll AR, Copp BR, Grkovic T, Keyzers RA, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:162-207. [PMID: 38285012 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Covering: January to the end of December 2022This review covers the literature published in 2022 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 645 citations (633 for the period January to December 2022) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, the submerged parts of mangroves and other intertidal plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (1417 in 384 papers for 2022), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. An analysis of NP structure class diversity in relation to biota source and biome is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanja Grkovic
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, and Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|