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Li H, Ye Z, Wang X, Yuan J, Guo J, Liu C, Yan B, Fan H, Lyu Y, Liu X. Intracellular magnetic hyperthermia reverses sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through its action on signaling pathways. iScience 2024; 27:110029. [PMID: 38883844 PMCID: PMC11176631 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a first-line drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), unfortunately encounters resistance in most patients, leading to disease progression. Traditional approaches to counteract this resistance, particularly those targeting the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, often face clinical feasibility limitations. Magnetic hyperthermia (MH), unlike conventional thermal therapies, emerges as a promising alternative. It uniquely combines magnetothermal effects with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study found the potential of intracellular MH enhanced the efficacy of sorafenib, increased cellular sensitivity to sorafenib, and reversed sorafenib resistance by inhibiting the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in an ROS-dependent manner in a sorafenib-resistant HCC cell. Further, in a sorafenib-resistant HCC mouse model, MH significantly sensitized tumors to sorafenib therapy, resulting in inhibited tumor growth and improved survival rates. This presents a promising strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC, potentially enhancing therapeutic outcomes for patients with this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zirui Ye
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianlan Yuan
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Bin Yan
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Haiming Fan
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Long Y, Jia X, Chu L. Insight into the structure, function and the tumor suppression effect of gasdermin E. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116348. [PMID: 38852642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), which is also known as DFNA5, was first identified as a deafness-related gene that is expressed in cochlear hair cells, and mutation of this gene causes autosomal dominant neurogenic hearing loss. Later studies revealed that GSDME is mostly expressed in the kidney, placenta, muscle and brain cells, but it is expressed at low levels in tumor cells. The GSDME gene encodes the GSDME protein, which is a member of the gasdermin (GSDM) family and has been shown to participate in the induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis. The current literature suggests that Caspase-3 and Granzyme B (Gzm B) can cleave GSDME to generate the active N-terminal fragment (GSDME-NT), which integrates with the cell membrane and forms pores in this membrane to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, GSDME also forms pores in mitochondrial membranes to release apoptosis factors, such as cytochrome c (Cyt c) and high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi), and subsequently activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In recent years, GSDME has been shown to exert tumor-suppressive effects, suggesting that it has potential therapeutic effects on tumors. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of GSDME and the mechanism by which it induces cell death, and we discuss its tumor suppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Huang J, Zhang J, Sun C, Yang R, Sheng M, Hu J, Kai G, Han B. Adjuvant role of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in cancer chemotherapy: A review of its bioactive components, health-promotion effect and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117022. [PMID: 37572929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chemotherapy is a common cancer treatment strategy. However, its effectiveness is constrained by toxicity and adverse effects. The Lamiaceae herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has a long history of therapeutic use in the treatment of blood stasis illnesses, which are believed by traditional Chinese medicine to be connected to cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarized the common toxicity of chemotherapy and the potential chemo-adjuvant effect and mechanisms of active ingredients from S. miltiorrhiza, hoping to provide valuable information for the development and application of S. miltiorrhiza resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar databases from 2002 to 2022. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting that S. miltiorrhiza or its constituents enhanced the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs or reduced the side effects. RESULTS Salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid C, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I and miltirone are the primary adjuvant chemotherapy components of S. miltiorrhiza. The mechanisms mainly involve inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, regulating autophagy and tumor microenvironment. In addition, they also improve chemotherapy drug-induced side effects. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds of S. miltiorrhiza are shown to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, induce apoptosis and autophagy, regulate immunity and tumor microenvironment when combined with chemotherapy drugs. However, further clinical studies are required to validate the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Chengtao Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ruiwen Yang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiangning Hu
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, 310052, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Schäfer J, Klösgen VJ, Omer EA, Kadioglu O, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Hildebrandt A, Efferth T. In Silico and In Vitro Identification of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors from a Library of 375 Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10240. [PMID: 37373385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy with clinically established anticancer drugs is frequently hampered by the development of drug resistance of tumors and severe side effects in normal organs and tissues. The demand for powerful, but less toxic, drugs is high. Phytochemicals represent an important reservoir for drug development and frequently exert less toxicity than synthetic drugs. Bioinformatics can accelerate and simplify the highly complex, time-consuming, and expensive drug development process. Here, we analyzed 375 phytochemicals using virtual screenings, molecular docking, and in silico toxicity predictions. Based on these in silico studies, six candidate compounds were further investigated in vitro. Resazurin assays were performed to determine the growth-inhibitory effects towards wild-type CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their multidrug-resistant, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing subline, CEM/ADR5000. Flow cytometry was used to measure the potential to measure P-gp-mediated doxorubicin transport. Bidwillon A, neobavaisoflavone, coptisine, and z-guggulsterone all showed growth-inhibitory effects and moderate P-gp inhibition, whereas miltirone and chamazulene strongly inhibited tumor cell growth and strongly increased intracellular doxorubicin uptake. Bidwillon A and miltirone were selected for molecular docking to wildtype and mutated P-gp forms in closed and open conformations. The P-gp homology models harbored clinically relevant mutations, i.e., six single missense mutations (F336Y, A718C, Q725A, F728A, M949C, Y953C), three double mutations (Y310A-F728A; F343C-V982C; Y953A-F978A), or one quadruple mutation (Y307C-F728A-Y953A-F978A). The mutants did not show major differences in binding energies compared to wildtypes. Closed P-gp forms generally showed higher binding affinities than open ones. Closed conformations might stabilize the binding, thereby leading to higher binding affinities, while open conformations may favor the release of compounds into the extracellular space. In conclusion, this study described the capability of selected phytochemicals to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schäfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Julius Klösgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Andreas Hildebrandt
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Hashimoto R, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Higashibayashi S. 1,2-Rearrangement from o-Quinols to Multisubstituted Catechols via Retro Diels-Alder Reaction of o-Quinol Dimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riichi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Qi Y, Lu H, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Ji Y, Jin N, Ma Z. Screening and Analysis of Hypolipidemic Components from Shuangdan Capsule Based on Pancreatic Lipase. Curr Bioinform 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615666200106113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Some natural pancreatic lipase inhibitors with fewer side effects are proposed.
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Shuangdan Capsule (SDC) has been used for the treatment
of higher lipid in blood, which is mainly composed by Radix Salviae and Peony skin.
Objective:
This work is aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the constituents from this
SDC against metabolic disorders, the molecular flexibility and intermolecular interactional characteristics
of these components in the active sites.
Methods:
The small molecules were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database
TCM database, the systems-level pharmacological database for Traditional Chinese Medicine
TCMSP server was used to calculate the ADME-related properties. Autodock Vina was used to
perform virtual screening of the selected molecules and to return energy values in several ligand
conformations. The network parameters were calculated using the network analyzer plug-in in Cytoscape.
Results:
The most active six molecules are all enclosed by amino acids ASP79, TYR114,
GLU175, PRO180, PHE215, GLY216 and LUE264, among which, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen
bond and repulsive forces play extremely important roles. It is worth noting that most of
the local minima of molecular electrostatic potentials on van der Waals (vdW) surface are increased
while the maxima negative ones are decreased simultaneously, implying that the electrostatic
potential tends to be stable. From the topological analysis of the Protein-Protein Interaction
(PPI) network, PNLIP related genes are also proved to be pivotal targets for hyperlipidemia, such
as LPL, AGK, MGLL, LIPE, LIPF and PNPLA2. Further GO analysis indicated that lipophilic
terpenoid compounds may reduce the blood lipid by taking part in the lipid catabolic process, the
extracellular space and the cellular components of the extracellular region part and the triacylglycerol
lipase activity.
Conclusion:
This study provides some useful information for the development and application of
natural hypolipidemic medcines. Further pharmacologically active studies are still needed both in
vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.J. Qi
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - H.N. Lu
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y.M. Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Y.J. Ji
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - N.Z. Jin
- Gansu Province Computing Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z.R. Ma
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Daurichromenic Acid from the Chinese Traditional Medicinal Plant Rhododendron dauricum Inhibits Sphingomyelin Synthase and Aβ Aggregation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184077. [PMID: 32906602 PMCID: PMC7571127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Rhododendron have been used in traditional Chinese medicine, with the medicinal herb "Manshanfong" used as an expectorant and for the treatment of acute bronchitis. Daurichromenic acid (DCA), a constituent of Rhododendron dauricum, is a meroterpenoid with antibacterial, anti-HIV, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacologic activities are poorly understood. To develop new drugs based on DCA, more information is required regarding its interactions with biomolecules. The present study showed that DCA inhibits the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin synthase, with an IC50 of 4 µM. The structure-activity relationships between DCA and sphingomyelin synthase were evaluated using derivatives and cyclized hongoquercin A. In addition, DCA was found to inhibit amyloid β aggregation. These results may help in the design of effective drugs based on DCA.
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Cao Y, Shi Y, Cai Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. The Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on P-Glycoprotein–Mediated Multidrug Resistance and Approaches for Studying the Herb–P-Glycoprotein Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:972-979. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Miltirone induces cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cell through GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1397-1413. [PMID: 32963939 PMCID: PMC7488361 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, and recently described as a new molecular mechanism of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of tumors. Miltirone, a derivative of phenanthrene-quinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities. Here, we found that miltirone inhibited the cell viability of either HepG2 or Hepa1-6 cells, and induced the proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) in each hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, with concomitant cleavage of caspase 3. Knocking out GSDME switched miltirone-induced cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Additionally, the induction effects of miltirone on GSDME-dependent pyroptosis were attenuated by siRNA-mediated caspase three silencing and the specific caspase three inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, respectively. Miltirone effectively elicited intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) for pyroptosis induction. Moreover, miltirone significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the Hepa1-6 mouse HCC syngeneic model. These results provide a new insight that miltirone is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC via GSDME-dependent pyroptosis.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-aminoactinomycin D
- AKT, AKT serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAX, BCL2-associated X
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Cas9, caspase 9
- Cell death
- DCFH-DA, dye 2,7-dichlorofluoresce diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- ERK1/2, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSDMD, gasdermin D
- GSDME
- GSDME, gasdermin E
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HepG2
- Hepa1-6
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IgG (H + L), immunoglobulin G (heavy chain + light chain)
- KO, knockout
- LDH, lactic dehydrogenase
- MEK, mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- MEM, minimum essential medium
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MS, mass spectrum
- Miltirone
- N-GSDME, N-terminal GSDME
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NC, negative control
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NS, no significance
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- PBS, phosphate-based buffer
- PI, propidium iodide
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Pyroptosis
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline with Tween solution
- TCGA, the Cancer Genome Atlas
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- gRNA, guide RNA
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-AKT, phosphorylated-AKT
- p-ERK1/2, phosphorylated-ERK1/2
- p-MEK, phosphorylated-MEK
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Lowrence RC, Subramaniapillai SG, Ulaganathan V, Nagarajan S. Tackling drug resistance with efflux pump inhibitors: from bacteria to cancerous cells. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:334-353. [PMID: 31248314 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1607248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a serious concern in a clinical setting jeopardizing treatment for both infectious agents and cancers alike. The wide-spread emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes from bacteria to cancerous cells necessitates the need to target resistance mechanisms and prevent the emergence of resistant mutants. Drug efflux seems to be one of the preferred approaches embraced by both microbial and mammalian cells alike, to thwart the action of chemotherapeutic agents thereby leading to a drug resistant phenotype. Relative to microbes, which predominantly employs proton motive force (PMF) powered, Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)/Resistance Nodulation and Division (RND) classes of efflux pumps to efflux drugs, cancerous cells preferentially use ATP fuelled ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to extrude chemotherapeutic agents. The prevalence, evolutionary characteristics and overlapping functions of ABC transporters have been highlighted in this review. Additionally, we outline the role of ABC pumps in conferring MDR phenotype to both bacteria and cancerous cells and underscore the importance of efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) to mitigate drug resistance. Based on the literature reports and analysis, we reason out feasibility of employing bacteria as a tool to screen for EPI's targeting ABC pumps of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Christena Lowrence
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | | | | | - Saisubramanian Nagarajan
- c Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
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Wu G, Zhang Z, Chen X, Yu Q, Ma X, Liu L. Chemosensitization effect of cerium oxide nanosheets by suppressing drug detoxification and efflux. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:301-308. [PMID: 30343144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanomaterials (NMs) have wide applications in biomedicine and are also detected with increasing bioaccumulation in various biological and environmental media. Thus, a system was developed to evaluate the chemosensitization effect of CeO2 NMs. Herein, we discovered that low doses of CeO2 NMs could trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) without causing severe toxicity to cancer cells, while pretreatment of the cells with CeO2 NMs enhanced the toxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). The reduced efflux of DOX was mainly attributed to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, followed by attenuation of exocytosis and enhancement of DOX retention. Further investigations revealed that CeO2 NM-induced ROS production caused depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and consequent impairment of DOX detoxification. Moreover, CeO2 NMs were found to enhance the chemosensitization of cancer cells rather than normal cells. Thus, this study uncovered the underlying application potential of CeO2 NMs in cancer therapy by enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent, which is associated with disruption of mitochondrial function and impairment of drug detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhu Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Wei Jin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Ma
- Shanxi Provincial Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Xinghua Street NO. 11, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030027, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China.
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12
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A novel delocalized lipophilic cation-chlorambucil conjugate inhibits P-glycoprotein in HepG2/ADM cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5461-5467. [PMID: 28818459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) limits the application of a large number of cancer-fighting agents in clinical therapy. One reason is that P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux pumps are usually overexpressed and lead to drug efflux in the cancer cells, which limits the viability of many chemotherapeutics. Current available inhibitors which block the Pgp pump efflux are usually not widely used in clinical practice, because they change other drug pharmacokinetic profiles or increase side effects. Here, through covalent linkage of cancer-targeting delocalized lipophilic cation FF and DNA-damaging drug nitrogen mustard chlorambucil (CLB), we rationally designed and synthesized a tumor-targeting anticancer agent FFCLB. And we found and proved that the FFCLB was capable of reducing the outflow of Pgp substrates efficiently. This conjugate selectively improves adriamycin uptake and toxicity through reducing MDR1 mRNA and Pgp protein expression. Based on molecular targeted strategy, this study can facilitate the discovery of superior MDR reducing agents to provide a more effective and safer way of resensitizing MDR.
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13
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Fan D, Zhou S, Zheng Z, Zhu GY, Yao X, Yang MR, Jiang ZH, Bai LP. New Abietane and Kaurane Type Diterpenoids from the Stems of Tripterygium regelii. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E147. [PMID: 28098763 PMCID: PMC5297780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven new abietane type (1‒11), and one new kaurane (12), diterpenes, together with eleven known compounds (13-23), were isolated and identified from the stems of Tripterygium regelii, which has been used as a traditional folk Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in China. The structures of new compounds were characterized by means of the interpretation of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data and comparisons of their experimental CD spectra with calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 is the first abietane type diterpene with an 18→1 lactone ring. Compound 19 was isolated from the plants of the Tripterygium genus for the first time, and compounds 14-17 were isolated from T. regelii for the first time. Triregelin I (9) showed significant cytotoxicity against A2780 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 5.88 and 11.74 µM, respectively. It was found that this compound was inactive against MCF-7 cells. The discovery of these twelve new diterpenes not only provided information on chemical substances of T. regelii, but also contributed to the chemical diversity of natural terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Shuangyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ming-Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
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14
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neo-Clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata mediated inhibition of P-glycoprotein in MCF-7/ADR cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:238-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Hung YC, Pan TL, Hu WL. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anticancer Therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5293284. [PMID: 27579153 PMCID: PMC4989081 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5293284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. We aim to provide a systematic review about the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anticancer therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). Danshen, including its lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents, is potentially beneficial for treating various cancers. The mechanisms of ROS-related anticancer effects of Danshen vary depending on the specific type of cancer cells involved. Danshen may enhance TNF-α-induced apoptosis, upregulate caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, endoplasmic reticulum stress, P21, P53, Bax/Bcl-2, DR5, and AMP-activated protein kinase, or activate the p38/JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and FasL signaling pathways. Conversely, Danshen may downregulate human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, telomerase, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, CD31, NF-κB, Erk1/2, matrix metalloproteinases, microtubule assembly, and receptor tyrosine kinases including epidermal growth factor receptors, HER2, and P-glycoprotein and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR or estrogen receptor signaling pathways. Therefore, Danshen may inhibit cancer cells proliferation through antioxidation on tumor initiation and induce apoptosis or autophagy through ROS generation on tumor progression, tumor promotion, and tumor metastasis. Based on the available evidence regarding its anticancer properties, this review provides new insights for further anticancer research or clinical trials with Danshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83342, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Road, Dashu District, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 83302, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsush-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83342, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, No. 100, Shihcyuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Fooyin University College of Nursing, No. 151, Chinhsueh Road, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
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16
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Hypoxia can impair doxorubicin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting MRP1 and P-gp expression and boosting the chemosensitizing effects of MRP1 and P-gp blockers. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:411-433. [PMID: 27306525 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) frequently exhibit resistance to therapeutic drugs, which seriously hampers their treatment. Here, we set out to assess the roles of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the doxorubicin (DOX) resistance of NSCLC cells, as well as the putative therapeutic efficacy of MRP1 and P-gp blockers on DOX-treated NSCLC cells. METHODS The impact of DOX on cell survival, DOX efflux and MRP1 and P-gp expression was assessed in 5 different NSCLC-derived cell lines (parental CH27, A549, H1299, H460, and DOX resistant CH27) in the absence or presence of MK571 (MRP1 inhibitor) or Verapamil (P-gp inhibitor), under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. RESULTS We found that in response to DOX treatment, NSCLC cells that express high levels of MRP1 and P-gp (such as CH27) showed a better DOX efflux and a higher DOX resistance. MK571 and Verapamil were found to abolish DOX resistance and to act as chemosensitizers for DOX therapy in all cell lines tested. We also found that hypoxia could inhibit MRP1 and P-gp expression in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, abolish DOX resistance and boost the chemosensitizer effect of MK571 and Verapamil on DOX treatment of all the NSCLC cells tested, except the DOX-resistant CH27 cells. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that MRP1 and P-gp play critical roles in the DOX resistance of the NSCLC cells tested. MRP1 and P-gp targeted therapy using MK571, Verapamil, CoCl2 or ambient hypoxia appeared to be promising in abolishing the DOX efflux and DOX resistance of the NSCLC cells. The putative therapeutic efficacies of MRP1 and/or P-gp blockers on NSCLC cells are worthy of note.
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17
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Wang L, Hu T, Shen J, Zhang L, Li LF, Chan RLY, Li MX, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Miltirone induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Miltirone exhibits antileukemic activity by ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20585. [PMID: 26848099 PMCID: PMC4742825 DOI: 10.1038/srep20585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of miltirone in human leukemia cell lines, primary leukemia cells, and nude mice U937 xenograft. Treatment of cells with miltirone resulted in apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) collapses, increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cytochrome c release. Miltirone triggered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress identified through several key molecules of the unfolded protein response, including phosphorylated PERK, eIF2a, GRP78, GRP94, and caspase-12. Miltrone treatment also resulted in the release of Ca2+ from the ER stores and mitochondrial Ca2+ loading in the cells. Further research revealed that miltirone resulted in dose-dependent decrease in complex III activity and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in these cells. Miltirone-induced apoptosis, dissipation of MMP and ER stress were dramatically blocked by pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In contrast, treatment with ER stress inhibitor TUDCA significantly attenuated miltirone-induced ROS and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Moreover, our in vivo findings showed that administration of miltirone markedly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in U937 xenograft model with low systemic toxicity. Taken together, these findings indicate that miltirone may exert its antileukemic activity by inducing apoptosis through a ROS-dependent destructive cycle involving ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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